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DRIVING SIGNATURE · FULL METRICS

Romain Grosjean

Late hybrid era (2018–2021) · data from 2018–2020 · Haas F1 Team

LAPS USED

1,739

QUALIFYING

52

RACES

51

AXES SCORED

5/6

CONFIDENCE

0.64

How this is calculated — the era, the field, the comparison groups and every threshold.

OVERVIEW

Each axis is a 0–100 rank among every driver-era in the dataset, built from differences to the same-session field. The 90% range is where nine in ten resampled scores land. Rank is within the late hybrid field.

STEERINGSMOOTHNESSPENDINGENTRY AGGRESSIONTYRE MANAGEMENTTHROTTLE APPLICATIONBRAKINGCONSISTENCY

DASHED: ERA AVG — The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

AXISSCORE90% RANGERANKERA AVGALL-TIMECHAMPIONSTEAMMATES
STEERINGPENDING——————
ENTRY2522–3621/3047509227
TYRE MGMT4713–8118/3053505175
THROTTLE6651–7710/3050507627
BRAKING6153–7711/3049507810
CONSISTENCY3424–7321/3049508132

AXIS BY AXIS

What each axis measures, where the driver sits among this era's drivers, the raw differences behind the score, and how it moved from weekend to weekend.

ENTRY AGGRESSION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Speed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.

25/ 100
RANK 21 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 22–36

Higher means: Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 77Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 40Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 99Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 65Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 81Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 33Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 98Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 46Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 73Robert Kubica (Williams): 1Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 44Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 6Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 59Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 27Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 2Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 13Lando Norris (McLaren): 67Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 49Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 45Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 24Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 90George Russell (Williams): 22Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 52Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 4Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 17Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 61Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 15Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 93Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 66Romain Grosjean: 25

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

2.4 km/h less speed as the brake comes off.

1.5 km/h lower minimum corner speed.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

201820192020
2018 Sakhir: -0.742018 Shanghai: -0.302018 Baku: no usable session2018 Barcelona: -0.132018 Monte Carlo: -0.332018 Montréal: no usable session2018 Le Castellet: +0.372018 Spielberg: +0.312018 Silverstone: -0.542018 Hockenheim: +0.262018 Budapest: +0.412018 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.222018 Monza: +0.132018 Singapore: -0.012018 Sochi: -0.042018 Suzuka: -0.272018 Austin: -0.342018 Mexico City: -0.782018 São Paulo: +0.262018 Yas Marina: +0.162019 Melbourne: +0.312019 Sakhir: -0.152019 Shanghai: -0.312019 Baku: -1.262019 Barcelona: +0.062019 Monte Carlo: -0.422019 Montréal: -0.252019 Le Castellet: -0.602019 Spielberg: +0.142019 Silverstone: -0.292019 Hockenheim: -0.172019 Budapest: -0.182019 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.782019 Monza: -0.212019 Singapore: -0.912019 Sochi: -0.582019 Suzuka: -0.302019 Mexico City: -1.692019 Austin: -0.492019 São Paulo: -0.522019 Yas Island: -1.042020 Spielberg: -0.762020 Spielberg: no usable session2020 Budapest: -0.842020 Silverstone: -1.052020 Silverstone: -0.312020 Barcelona: -0.752020 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.392020 Monza: -0.882020 Mugello: +0.152020 Sochi: -0.812020 Nürburgring: -1.122020 Portimão: -0.842020 Imola: -0.842020 Sakhir: -0.95

52 SESSIONS · 1041 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

TYRE MANAGEMENT

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.

47/ 100
RANK 18 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 13–81

Higher means: Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 63Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 93Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 10Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 84Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 49Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 15Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 59Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 79Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 88Robert Kubica (Williams): 8Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 36Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 54Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 18Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 75Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 4Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 16Lando Norris (McLaren): 81Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 86Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 60Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 46Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 87George Russell (Williams): 64Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 74Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 9Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 26Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 98Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 91Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 38Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 20Romain Grosjean: 47

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Loses 0.046 s per lap of tyre age after fuel correction, 0.008 s/lap more than the race median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

201820192020
2018 Sakhir: -0.872018 Shanghai: -0.602018 Baku: -0.482018 Barcelona: no usable session2018 Monte Carlo: -0.082018 Montréal: +0.722018 Le Castellet: -0.182018 Spielberg: -0.372018 Silverstone: +2.172018 Hockenheim: -0.202018 Budapest: +1.602018 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.222018 Monza: +0.432018 Singapore: +0.642018 Sochi: -0.802018 Suzuka: -0.012018 Austin: no usable session2018 Mexico City: -0.392018 São Paulo: -0.042018 Yas Marina: +0.862019 Melbourne: no usable session2019 Sakhir: -1.292019 Shanghai: -0.032019 Baku: +2.692019 Barcelona: +0.332019 Monte Carlo: +0.302019 Montréal: +0.712019 Le Castellet: +0.362019 Spielberg: -0.352019 Silverstone: no usable session2019 Hockenheim: no usable session2019 Budapest: +0.092019 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2019 Monza: -1.142019 Singapore: -2.222019 Sochi: no usable session2019 Suzuka: 0.002019 Mexico City: -0.772019 Austin: +0.872019 São Paulo: -1.592019 Yas Island: +0.122020 Spielberg: -0.852020 Spielberg: +0.502020 Budapest: -0.222020 Silverstone: -0.022020 Silverstone: +0.872020 Barcelona: -0.622020 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.322020 Monza: +0.062020 Mugello: -0.392020 Sochi: -1.792020 Nürburgring: +0.622020 Portimão: -0.242020 Imola: -0.402020 Sakhir: no usable session

47 SESSIONS · 81 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

THROTTLE APPLICATION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Distance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.

66/ 100
RANK 10 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 51–77

Higher means: Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 39Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 76Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 75Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 61Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 87Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 22Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 60Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 73Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 56Robert Kubica (Williams): 2Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 97Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 18Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 30Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 27Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 1Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 4Lando Norris (McLaren): 45Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 9Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 64Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 36Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 67George Russell (Williams): 35Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 62Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 13Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 57Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 91Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 70Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 94Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 54Romain Grosjean: 66

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Reaches full throttle 1.1 m closer to the apex than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

201820192020
2018 Sakhir: -0.612018 Shanghai: +0.092018 Baku: no usable session2018 Barcelona: -0.222018 Monte Carlo: -0.032018 Montréal: no usable session2018 Le Castellet: +0.142018 Spielberg: -0.092018 Silverstone: -0.382018 Hockenheim: -0.052018 Budapest: -0.362018 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.092018 Monza: -0.142018 Singapore: +0.302018 Sochi: -0.032018 Suzuka: -0.132018 Austin: +0.182018 Mexico City: -0.042018 São Paulo: +0.322018 Yas Marina: +0.442019 Melbourne: +0.172019 Sakhir: +0.242019 Shanghai: 0.002019 Baku: -0.482019 Barcelona: +0.202019 Monte Carlo: +0.142019 Montréal: +0.092019 Le Castellet: +0.622019 Spielberg: +0.242019 Silverstone: +0.422019 Hockenheim: +0.142019 Budapest: -0.162019 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.162019 Monza: -0.332019 Singapore: +0.242019 Sochi: +0.452019 Suzuka: -0.442019 Mexico City: -0.262019 Austin: +0.162019 São Paulo: +0.422019 Yas Island: -0.012020 Spielberg: -0.062020 Spielberg: no usable session2020 Budapest: -0.222020 Silverstone: -0.162020 Silverstone: +0.212020 Barcelona: +0.092020 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.042020 Monza: +0.092020 Mugello: +0.182020 Sochi: +0.402020 Nürburgring: -0.142020 Portimão: -0.142020 Imola: +0.032020 Sakhir: -0.14

52 SESSIONS · 1020 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

BRAKING

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Where the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.

61/ 100
RANK 11 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 53–77

Higher means: Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 38Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 60Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 86Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 55Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 90Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 29Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 97Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 99Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 46Robert Kubica (Williams): 14Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 70Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 15Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 59Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 10Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 1Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 2Lando Norris (McLaren): 88Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 24Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 31Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 33Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 73George Russell (Williams): 27Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 49Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 30Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 9Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 92Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 66Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 78Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 43Romain Grosjean: 61

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Starts braking 1.3 m later than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

201820192020
2018 Sakhir: -0.702018 Shanghai: +0.332018 Baku: no usable session2018 Barcelona: +0.572018 Monte Carlo: -0.332018 Montréal: no usable session2018 Le Castellet: -0.112018 Spielberg: +0.452018 Silverstone: +0.402018 Hockenheim: +0.252018 Budapest: +0.172018 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.192018 Monza: +0.242018 Singapore: +0.222018 Sochi: +0.392018 Suzuka: -0.062018 Austin: +0.022018 Mexico City: -0.622018 São Paulo: +0.152018 Yas Marina: -0.252019 Melbourne: +0.102019 Sakhir: +0.902019 Shanghai: +0.152019 Baku: -0.402019 Barcelona: +0.612019 Monte Carlo: -0.172019 Montréal: +0.192019 Le Castellet: +0.312019 Spielberg: +0.712019 Silverstone: +0.222019 Hockenheim: +0.402019 Budapest: +0.042019 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.202019 Monza: +0.212019 Singapore: -0.322019 Sochi: +0.012019 Suzuka: -0.022019 Mexico City: -0.692019 Austin: +0.332019 São Paulo: -0.532019 Yas Island: +0.272020 Spielberg: -0.342020 Spielberg: no usable session2020 Budapest: +0.162020 Silverstone: +0.062020 Silverstone: -0.252020 Barcelona: +0.262020 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.172020 Monza: +0.022020 Mugello: +0.012020 Sochi: +0.032020 Nürburgring: +0.042020 Portimão: +0.192020 Imola: -0.152020 Sakhir: +0.07

52 SESSIONS · 858 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

CONSISTENCY

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.

34/ 100
RANK 21 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 24–73

Higher means: Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 40Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 45Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 44Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 22Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 67Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 51Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 57Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 30Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 49Robert Kubica (Williams): 4Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 66Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 14Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 64Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 32Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 1Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 3Lando Norris (McLaren): 87Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 85Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 60Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 48Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 73George Russell (Williams): 17Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 86Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 7Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 63Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 58Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 80Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 95Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 84Romain Grosjean: 34

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Lap times scatter 0.412 s around the stint trend, 0.077 s looser than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

201820192020
2018 Sakhir: +0.592018 Shanghai: +0.232018 Baku: -0.122018 Barcelona: no usable session2018 Monte Carlo: -1.232018 Montréal: +0.112018 Le Castellet: -0.742018 Spielberg: +0.332018 Silverstone: +0.772018 Hockenheim: -1.222018 Budapest: -1.292018 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.782018 Monza: +1.172018 Singapore: -0.462018 Sochi: -1.242018 Suzuka: +0.502018 Austin: no usable session2018 Mexico City: -0.202018 São Paulo: +0.342018 Yas Marina: +0.582019 Melbourne: -0.222019 Sakhir: -1.292019 Shanghai: -0.882019 Baku: -0.322019 Barcelona: +0.732019 Monte Carlo: -0.602019 Montréal: -0.402019 Le Castellet: -0.882019 Spielberg: +0.302019 Silverstone: -3.002019 Hockenheim: +0.292019 Budapest: -0.052019 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.162019 Monza: -1.342019 Singapore: -1.502019 Sochi: no usable session2019 Suzuka: +0.242019 Mexico City: -2.622019 Austin: +0.862019 São Paulo: -0.562019 Yas Island: +0.292020 Spielberg: -1.462020 Spielberg: -0.852020 Budapest: +0.062020 Silverstone: +0.602020 Silverstone: +0.272020 Barcelona: +0.042020 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.492020 Monza: -1.932020 Mugello: +0.302020 Sochi: -1.392020 Nürburgring: -1.102020 Portimão: -1.292020 Imola: -0.772020 Sakhir: no usable session

51 SESSIONS · 89 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

STEERING SMOOTHNESS

NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO

How smoothly the driver steers through each corner.

PENDING

Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.

TEAMMATES

Same car, same sessions. Each cell is the average difference over the sessions they shared, in field-spread units: +0.30 means 0.3 of a typical field spread better on that axis. Qualifying H2H is the share of shared qualifying sessions where Grosjean's best lap was faster.

TEAMMATESHAREDQUALI H2HENTRYTYRE MGMTTHROTTLEBRAKINGCONSISTENCY
Kevin Magnussen99
51 Q · 48 R
53%-0.04-0.24+0.17+0.54-0.04

SESSION LOG

Every weekend in this era. Values are the difference from that session's field in field-spread units, green better and red worse. A dash means the session was skipped (wet, or no data) or the driver had no usable laps.

WEEKENDCIRCUITTEAMQ LAPSBRAKINGENTRYTHROTTLERACE LAPSCONSISTENCYTYRE MGMT
2018 R02SakhirHaas F1 Team2-0.70-0.74-0.6117+0.59-0.87
2018 R03ShanghaiHaas F1 Team3+0.33-0.30+0.0920+0.23-0.60
2018 R04BakuHaas F1 Team————17-0.12-0.48
2018 R05BarcelonaHaas F1 Team3+0.57-0.13-0.22———
2018 R06Monte CarloHaas F1 Team3-0.33-0.33-0.0348-1.23-0.08
2018 R07MontréalHaas F1 Team————37+0.11+0.72
2018 R08Le CastelletHaas F1 Team3-0.11+0.37+0.1433-0.74-0.18
2018 R09SpielbergHaas F1 Team3+0.45+0.31-0.0952+0.33-0.37
2018 R10SilverstoneHaas F1 Team3+0.40-0.54-0.3811+0.77+2.17
2018 R11HockenheimHaas F1 Team3+0.25+0.26-0.0532-1.22-0.20
2018 R12BudapestHaas F1 Team2+0.17+0.41-0.3633-1.29+1.60
2018 R13Spa-FrancorchampsHaas F1 Team3+0.19-0.22+0.0936+0.78+0.22
2018 R14MonzaHaas F1 Team3+0.24+0.13-0.1440+1.17+0.43
2018 R15SingaporeHaas F1 Team3+0.22-0.01+0.3044-0.46+0.64
2018 R16SochiHaas F1 Team3+0.39-0.04-0.0336-1.24-0.80
2018 R17SuzukaHaas F1 Team3-0.06-0.27-0.1341+0.50-0.01
2018 R18AustinHaas F1 Team3+0.02-0.34+0.18———
2018 R19Mexico CityHaas F1 Team2-0.62-0.78-0.0438-0.20-0.39
2018 R20São PauloHaas F1 Team3+0.15+0.26+0.3256+0.34-0.04
2018 R21Yas MarinaHaas F1 Team3-0.25+0.16+0.4426+0.58+0.86
2019 R01MelbourneHaas F1 Team3+0.10+0.31+0.176-0.22—
2019 R02SakhirHaas F1 Team3+0.90-0.15+0.2411-1.29-1.29
2019 R03ShanghaiHaas F1 Team3+0.15-0.310.0032-0.88-0.03
2019 R04BakuHaas F1 Team2-0.40-1.26-0.4818-0.32+2.69
2019 R05BarcelonaHaas F1 Team3+0.61+0.06+0.2040+0.73+0.33
2019 R06Monte CarloHaas F1 Team3-0.17-0.42+0.1436-0.60+0.30
2019 R07MontréalHaas F1 Team2+0.19-0.25+0.0949-0.40+0.71
2019 R08Le CastelletHaas F1 Team1+0.31-0.60+0.6229-0.88+0.36
2019 R09SpielbergHaas F1 Team3+0.71+0.14+0.2456+0.30-0.35
2019 R10SilverstoneHaas F1 Team3+0.22-0.29+0.426-3.00—
2019 R11HockenheimHaas F1 Team3+0.40-0.17+0.149+0.29—
2019 R12BudapestHaas F1 Team3+0.04-0.18-0.1641-0.05+0.09
2019 R13Spa-FrancorchampsHaas F1 Team3+0.20-0.78+0.167+0.16—
2019 R14MonzaHaas F1 Team3+0.21-0.21-0.3329-1.34-1.14
2019 R15SingaporeHaas F1 Team3-0.32-0.91+0.2426-1.50-2.22
2019 R16SochiHaas F1 Team3+0.01-0.58+0.45———
2019 R17SuzukaHaas F1 Team3-0.02-0.30-0.4430+0.240.00
2019 R18Mexico CityHaas F1 Team2-0.69-1.69-0.2645-2.62-0.77
2019 R19AustinHaas F1 Team3+0.33-0.49+0.1626+0.86+0.87
2019 R20São PauloHaas F1 Team3-0.53-0.52+0.4244-0.56-1.59
2019 R21Yas IslandHaas F1 Team3+0.27-1.04-0.0143+0.29+0.12
2020 R01SpielbergHaas F1 Team3-0.34-0.76-0.0629-1.46-0.85
2020 R02SpielbergHaas F1 Team————33-0.85+0.50
2020 R03BudapestHaas F1 Team1+0.16-0.84-0.2260+0.06-0.22
2020 R04SilverstoneHaas F1 Team1+0.06-1.05-0.1610+0.60-0.02
2020 R05SilverstoneHaas F1 Team3-0.25-0.31+0.2126+0.27+0.87
2020 R06BarcelonaHaas F1 Team2+0.26-0.75+0.0942+0.04-0.62
2020 R07Spa-FrancorchampsHaas F1 Team1+0.17-0.39-0.0421-0.49+0.32
2020 R08MonzaHaas F1 Team2+0.02-0.88+0.0933-1.93+0.06
2020 R09MugelloHaas F1 Team3+0.01+0.15+0.1835+0.30-0.39
2020 R10SochiHaas F1 Team1+0.03-0.81+0.4032-1.39-1.79
2020 R11NürburgringHaas F1 Team2+0.04-1.12-0.1427-1.10+0.62
2020 R12PortimãoHaas F1 Team3+0.19-0.84-0.1424-1.29-0.24
2020 R13ImolaHaas F1 Team3-0.15-0.84+0.0331-0.77-0.40
2020 R15SakhirHaas F1 Team2+0.07-0.95-0.14———

HOW THIS IS CALCULATED

The definitions behind every number on this page. The full specification lives with the pipeline code (backend/pipeline/signature/SPEC.md).

REGULATION ERAS

An era is a period under one set of technical rules. When the rules change, every car brakes, turns and wears its tyres differently, so a driver's style relative to the field can shift too. Signatures are therefore computed separately for each era, and the driver page shows the most recent era with at least one scored axis. These eras are defined by the car rules, separate from the storytelling eras elsewhere on the site.

ERAWHAT DEFINES ITDATA IN THIS DATASET
LATE HYBRID
2018–2021
THIS PAGE
1.6-litre V6 turbo hybrid power units, used since 2014, in the wider, higher-downforce cars on wider tyres introduced in 2017.
The era starts in 2018, the first season of the official timing archive, although its car rules date from 2017.
2018–2021
30 drivers scored
GROUND EFFECT
2022–2025
Most downforce comes from two Venturi tunnels under the floor, with simplified wings and 18-inch low-profile tyres, so that cars can follow each other more closely.
2022–2025
31 drivers scored
ACTIVE AERO
2026 onwards
Front and rear wings switch between a corner mode and a low-drag straight mode, replacing DRS. Cars are shorter, narrower and lighter (768 kg), the floor tunnels are gone, and power is split roughly half and half between combustion and electric, with the MGU-H removed and fully sustainable fuel.
Energy recovery is a bigger part of each lap: drivers lift off before braking to recharge and cars harvest at full throttle at the end of straights. Throttle and braking traces reflect energy management as well as driving style.
2026
22 drivers scored

THE FIELD

Every measurement is a difference from the other cars in the same session. Comparing within a session cancels out the track, the weather, the tyre generation and the overall speed of that year's cars, which is what makes different weekends comparable. For each corner, or each race, the driver's value has the field median subtracted and is divided by the field's spread (a robust z-score, capped at ±3). A value of +1 means one typical field spread better than the median driver.

FROM LAPS TO A SCORE

  1. Pick the laps. Qualifying: up to 3 push laps per driver, within 1% of their own best and 107% of the fastest lap, on dry tyres, not deleted for track limits and not run under red or yellow flags. Race: clean laps only, meaning not lap 1, no pit laps, no safety car, virtual safety car, red or yellow flag, dry tyres, at least 1.5 s behind the car ahead, and within 107% of the driver's stint median.
  2. Measure.Corners are the slowest points of the session's fastest lap (dips of at least 25km/h). Every lap is mapped onto that lap's line, so all drivers' brake points and apexes share one distance scale. Full throttle means 98% pedal or more, and a lift is a drop of 10points. In the race, each stint's lap times are corrected for fuel (0.055 s per lap of fuel still on board) and fitted against tyre age: the slope is degradation (at least 8 clean laps), and the scatter around the line is consistency (at least 6).
  3. Compare with the field. Each corner needs at least 8 field laps; tyre degradation is compared on the same compound when at least 4 stints used it.
  4. Combine over the era. A weighted average of the session values. An axis is only scored with at least 5 qualifying sessions and 150 lap-corners, or 5 races and 8 stints; otherwise it stays empty rather than guessed.
  5. Rank.The 0–100 score is the driver-era's percentile among every driver-era in the dataset, so 50 is typical.
  6. Confidence.The driver's sessions are resampled 400 times and re-ranked. The 90% range runs from the 5th to the 95th percentile of those ranks, and confidence is 1 minus the average width of the ranges.

COMPARISON GROUPS

ERA AVG

The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

ALL-TIME

The average of every driver-era in the dataset. Scores are ranks among those same driver-eras, so it sits at 50 on every axis by construction.

CHAMPIONS

World champions in the eras they won their titles, from the final standings of completed seasons. In the dataset: Lewis Hamilton (2018, 2019, 2020), Max Verstappen (2021, 2022, 2023, 2024), Lando Norris (2025).

TEAMMATES

The driver's teammates in this era, weighted by sessions shared. Same car, so this is the fairest comparison.

AXES

AXISMEASURESHIGHER MEANSDATA
STEERING SMOOTHNESSHow smoothly the driver steers through each corner.Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO
ENTRY AGGRESSIONSpeed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
TYRE MANAGEMENTHow fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT
THROTTLE APPLICATIONDistance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
BRAKINGWhere the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
CONSISTENCYHow much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

DATA AND COVERAGE

Source: Official F1 live-timing feed, read through TracingInsights' public FastF1 extraction (2018–2022) and the OpenF1 historical API (2023–2026). The feed gives car data (speed, throttle, brake on/off, gear) about 3.7 times a second, car positions, laps, tyre stints, gaps and race-control messages. It does not carry steering angle or brake pressure. 180 qualifying sessions and 186 races are scored.

SEASONWEEKENDSQUALIFYINGRACESNOT SCORED
20182120/2120/21
Australian qualifying: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
Australian race: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
20192121/2121/21—
20201715/1717/17
Styrian qualifying: wet
Turkish qualifying: wet
20212220/2222/22
Belgian qualifying: wet
Russian qualifying: mixed conditions, 6 drivers on dry tyres
20222220/2222/22
Canadian qualifying: wet
British qualifying: wet
20232221/2222/22
Dutch qualifying: mixed conditions, 9 drivers on dry tyres
20242422/2424/24
Belgian qualifying: wet
São Paulo qualifying: wet
20252422/2424/24
Azerbaijan qualifying: no lap data in the public feed
Las Vegas qualifying: wet
202619 (+4 still to run)19/1919/19—

KNOWN LIMITATIONS

  • The field includes faster and slower cars, so a driver in a quick car scores higher on car-sensitive measures such as minimum corner speed. The teammate comparison is where the car is held constant.
  • The braking point is not adjusted for approach speed: a driver who exits the previous corner faster arrives quicker and has to brake earlier. Braking describes style more than pace.
  • Tyre management cannot tell tyre wear apart from a driver deliberately controlling pace, so its ranges are wide.
  • From 2026, throttle and braking traces also reflect energy recovery (lifting before braking, harvesting at full throttle), not only driving style.
  • Steering smoothness needs steering angle, which no public feed carries. It is never estimated and will come from onboard video, along with seasons before 2018.

PIPELINE TIMING-0.1.0 · GENERATED 2026-11-02 · OFFICIAL F1 LIVE-TIMING FEED, READ THROUGH TRACINGINSIGHTS' PUBLIC FASTF1 EXTRACTION (2018–2022) AND THE OPENF1 HISTORICAL API (2023–2026)