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DRIVING SIGNATURE · FULL METRICS

Nikita Mazepin

Late hybrid era (2018–2021) · data from 2021 · Haas F1 Team

LAPS USED

723

QUALIFYING

20

RACES

17

AXES SCORED

5/6

CONFIDENCE

0.87

How this is calculated — the era, the field, the comparison groups and every threshold.

OVERVIEW

Each axis is a 0–100 rank among every driver-era in the dataset, built from differences to the same-session field. The 90% range is where nine in ten resampled scores land. Rank is within the late hybrid field.

STEERINGSMOOTHNESSPENDINGENTRY AGGRESSIONTYRE MANAGEMENTTHROTTLE APPLICATIONBRAKINGCONSISTENCY

DASHED: ERA AVG — The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

AXISSCORE90% RANGERANKERA AVGALL-TIMECHAMPIONSTEAMMATES
STEERINGPENDING——————
ENTRY20–229/3047509213
TYRE MGMT40–5330/3053505116
THROTTLE10–430/305050764
BRAKING10–130/304950782
CONSISTENCY10–630/304950813

AXIS BY AXIS

What each axis measures, where the driver sits among this era's drivers, the raw differences behind the score, and how it moved from weekend to weekend.

ENTRY AGGRESSION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Speed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.

2/ 100
RANK 29 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 0–2

Higher means: Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 77Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 40Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 99Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 65Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 81Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 33Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 25Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 98Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 46Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 73Robert Kubica (Williams): 1Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 44Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 6Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 59Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 27Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 13Lando Norris (McLaren): 67Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 49Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 45Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 24Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 90George Russell (Williams): 22Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 52Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 4Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 17Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 61Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 15Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 93Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 66Nikita Mazepin: 2

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

8.0 km/h less speed as the brake comes off.

6.0 km/h lower minimum corner speed.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2021
2021 Sakhir: -2.072021 Imola: -1.522021 Portimão: -0.542021 Barcelona: -1.082021 Monte Carlo: -1.232021 Baku: -1.132021 Le Castellet: -1.002021 Spielberg: -1.222021 Spielberg: -1.112021 Silverstone: -1.262021 Budapest: -0.512021 Zandvoort: -0.972021 Monza: -1.562021 Sochi: no usable session2021 Istanbul: -2.252021 Austin: -1.232021 Mexico City: -1.292021 São Paulo: -0.382021 Lusail: -2.002021 Jeddah: -0.772021 Yas Island: -0.69

20 SESSIONS · 270 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

TYRE MANAGEMENT

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.

4/ 100
RANK 30 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 0–53

Higher means: Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 63Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 93Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 10Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 84Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 49Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 15Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 47Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 59Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 79Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 88Robert Kubica (Williams): 8Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 36Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 54Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 18Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 75Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 16Lando Norris (McLaren): 81Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 86Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 60Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 46Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 87George Russell (Williams): 64Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 74Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 9Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 26Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 98Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 91Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 38Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 20Nikita Mazepin: 4

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Loses 0.063 s per lap of tyre age after fuel correction, 0.024 s/lap more than the race median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2021
2021 Sakhir: no usable session2021 Imola: +1.512021 Portimão: -0.862021 Barcelona: -0.942021 Monte Carlo: +0.422021 Baku: -2.832021 Le Castellet: -0.622021 Spielberg: -0.892021 Spielberg: -1.062021 Silverstone: +2.002021 Budapest: no usable session2021 Zandvoort: +0.122021 Monza: -0.202021 Sochi: -2.722021 Istanbul: no usable session2021 Austin: -0.732021 Mexico City: -1.212021 São Paulo: +0.202021 Lusail: +0.082021 Jeddah: no usable session2021 Yas Island: no usable session

16 SESSIONS · 33 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

THROTTLE APPLICATION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Distance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.

1/ 100
RANK 30 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 0–4

Higher means: Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 39Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 76Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 75Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 61Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 87Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 22Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 66Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 60Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 73Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 56Robert Kubica (Williams): 2Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 97Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 18Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 30Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 27Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 4Lando Norris (McLaren): 45Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 9Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 64Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 36Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 67George Russell (Williams): 35Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 62Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 13Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 57Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 91Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 70Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 94Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 54Nikita Mazepin: 1

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Reaches full throttle 19.3 m further from the apex than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2021
2021 Sakhir: -0.602021 Imola: -0.672021 Portimão: -0.912021 Barcelona: -1.082021 Monte Carlo: -0.632021 Baku: -0.442021 Le Castellet: -1.412021 Spielberg: -0.592021 Spielberg: -0.532021 Silverstone: -0.162021 Budapest: -0.832021 Zandvoort: -0.352021 Monza: -0.952021 Sochi: no usable session2021 Istanbul: -1.072021 Austin: -0.622021 Mexico City: -0.712021 São Paulo: -0.662021 Lusail: -0.882021 Jeddah: -0.252021 Yas Island: -0.51

20 SESSIONS · 248 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

BRAKING

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Where the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.

1/ 100
RANK 30 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 0–1

Higher means: Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 38Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 60Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 86Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 55Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 90Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 29Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 61Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 97Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 99Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 46Robert Kubica (Williams): 14Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 70Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 15Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 59Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 10Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 2Lando Norris (McLaren): 88Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 24Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 31Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 33Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 73George Russell (Williams): 27Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 49Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 30Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 9Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 92Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 66Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 78Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 43Nikita Mazepin: 1

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Starts braking 9.4 m earlier than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2021
2021 Sakhir: -1.162021 Imola: -1.372021 Portimão: -0.632021 Barcelona: -1.322021 Monte Carlo: no usable session2021 Baku: -0.382021 Le Castellet: -1.112021 Spielberg: -0.772021 Spielberg: -0.592021 Silverstone: -0.472021 Budapest: -0.672021 Zandvoort: -0.752021 Monza: -1.162021 Sochi: no usable session2021 Istanbul: -1.312021 Austin: -1.052021 Mexico City: -0.752021 São Paulo: -0.892021 Lusail: -1.352021 Jeddah: -0.792021 Yas Island: -0.50

19 SESSIONS · 228 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

CONSISTENCY

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.

1/ 100
RANK 30 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 0–6

Higher means: Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 40Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 45Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 44Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 22Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 67Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 51Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 34Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 57Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 30Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 49Robert Kubica (Williams): 4Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 66Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 14Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 64Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 32Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 3Lando Norris (McLaren): 87Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 85Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 60Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 48Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 73George Russell (Williams): 17Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 86Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 7Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 63Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 58Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 80Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 95Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 84Nikita Mazepin: 1

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Lap times scatter 0.627 s around the stint trend, 0.302 s looser than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2021
2021 Sakhir: no usable session2021 Imola: -1.512021 Portimão: -1.962021 Barcelona: -1.002021 Monte Carlo: -2.792021 Baku: -2.122021 Le Castellet: +0.402021 Spielberg: -2.212021 Spielberg: -1.282021 Silverstone: -0.672021 Budapest: no usable session2021 Zandvoort: -1.152021 Monza: -0.752021 Sochi: -1.342021 Istanbul: no usable session2021 Austin: -0.652021 Mexico City: -2.442021 São Paulo: -2.332021 Lusail: -2.102021 Jeddah: no usable session2021 Yas Island: no usable session

16 SESSIONS · 36 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

STEERING SMOOTHNESS

NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO

How smoothly the driver steers through each corner.

PENDING

Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.

TEAMMATES

Same car, same sessions. Each cell is the average difference over the sessions they shared, in field-spread units: +0.30 means 0.3 of a typical field spread better on that axis. Qualifying H2H is the share of shared qualifying sessions where Mazepin's best lap was faster.

TEAMMATESHAREDQUALI H2HENTRYTYRE MGMTTHROTTLEBRAKINGCONSISTENCY
Mick Schumacher33
17 Q · 16 R
6%-0.54-0.35-0.12-0.23-0.14

SESSION LOG

Every weekend in this era. Values are the difference from that session's field in field-spread units, green better and red worse. A dash means the session was skipped (wet, or no data) or the driver had no usable laps.

WEEKENDCIRCUITTEAMQ LAPSBRAKINGENTRYTHROTTLERACE LAPSCONSISTENCYTYRE MGMT
2021 R01SakhirHaas F1 Team1-1.16-2.07-0.60———
2021 R02ImolaHaas F1 Team2-1.37-1.52-0.6722-1.51+1.51
2021 R03PortimãoHaas F1 Team1-0.63-0.54-0.9149-1.96-0.86
2021 R04BarcelonaHaas F1 Team2-1.32-1.08-1.0849-1.00-0.94
2021 R05Monte CarloHaas F1 Team2—-1.23-0.6361-2.79+0.42
2021 R06BakuHaas F1 Team2-0.38-1.13-0.4423-2.12-2.83
2021 R07Le CastelletHaas F1 Team1-1.11-1.00-1.4143+0.40-0.62
2021 R08SpielbergHaas F1 Team2-0.77-1.22-0.5961-2.21-0.89
2021 R09SpielbergHaas F1 Team2-0.59-1.11-0.5355-1.28-1.06
2021 R10SilverstoneHaas F1 Team2-0.47-1.26-0.1642-0.67+2.00
2021 R11BudapestHaas F1 Team3-0.67-0.51-0.83———
2021 R13ZandvoortHaas F1 Team2-0.75-0.97-0.3530-1.15+0.12
2021 R14MonzaHaas F1 Team3-1.16-1.56-0.9516-0.75-0.20
2021 R15SochiHaas F1 Team————38-1.34-2.72
2021 R16IstanbulHaas F1 Team1-1.31-2.25-1.07———
2021 R17AustinHaas F1 Team1-1.05-1.23-0.6244-0.65-0.73
2021 R18Mexico CityHaas F1 Team2-0.75-1.29-0.7158-2.44-1.21
2021 R19São PauloHaas F1 Team2-0.89-0.38-0.6648-2.33+0.20
2021 R20LusailHaas F1 Team2-1.35-2.00-0.8847-2.10+0.08
2021 R21JeddahHaas F1 Team1-0.79-0.77-0.250——
2021 R22Yas IslandHaas F1 Team3-0.50-0.69-0.51———

HOW THIS IS CALCULATED

The definitions behind every number on this page. The full specification lives with the pipeline code (backend/pipeline/signature/SPEC.md).

REGULATION ERAS

An era is a period under one set of technical rules. When the rules change, every car brakes, turns and wears its tyres differently, so a driver's style relative to the field can shift too. Signatures are therefore computed separately for each era, and the driver page shows the most recent era with at least one scored axis. These eras are defined by the car rules, separate from the storytelling eras elsewhere on the site.

ERAWHAT DEFINES ITDATA IN THIS DATASET
LATE HYBRID
2018–2021
THIS PAGE
1.6-litre V6 turbo hybrid power units, used since 2014, in the wider, higher-downforce cars on wider tyres introduced in 2017.
The era starts in 2018, the first season of the official timing archive, although its car rules date from 2017.
2018–2021
30 drivers scored
GROUND EFFECT
2022–2025
Most downforce comes from two Venturi tunnels under the floor, with simplified wings and 18-inch low-profile tyres, so that cars can follow each other more closely.
2022–2025
31 drivers scored
ACTIVE AERO
2026 onwards
Front and rear wings switch between a corner mode and a low-drag straight mode, replacing DRS. Cars are shorter, narrower and lighter (768 kg), the floor tunnels are gone, and power is split roughly half and half between combustion and electric, with the MGU-H removed and fully sustainable fuel.
Energy recovery is a bigger part of each lap: drivers lift off before braking to recharge and cars harvest at full throttle at the end of straights. Throttle and braking traces reflect energy management as well as driving style.
2026
22 drivers scored

THE FIELD

Every measurement is a difference from the other cars in the same session. Comparing within a session cancels out the track, the weather, the tyre generation and the overall speed of that year's cars, which is what makes different weekends comparable. For each corner, or each race, the driver's value has the field median subtracted and is divided by the field's spread (a robust z-score, capped at ±3). A value of +1 means one typical field spread better than the median driver.

FROM LAPS TO A SCORE

  1. Pick the laps. Qualifying: up to 3 push laps per driver, within 1% of their own best and 107% of the fastest lap, on dry tyres, not deleted for track limits and not run under red or yellow flags. Race: clean laps only, meaning not lap 1, no pit laps, no safety car, virtual safety car, red or yellow flag, dry tyres, at least 1.5 s behind the car ahead, and within 107% of the driver's stint median.
  2. Measure.Corners are the slowest points of the session's fastest lap (dips of at least 25km/h). Every lap is mapped onto that lap's line, so all drivers' brake points and apexes share one distance scale. Full throttle means 98% pedal or more, and a lift is a drop of 10points. In the race, each stint's lap times are corrected for fuel (0.055 s per lap of fuel still on board) and fitted against tyre age: the slope is degradation (at least 8 clean laps), and the scatter around the line is consistency (at least 6).
  3. Compare with the field. Each corner needs at least 8 field laps; tyre degradation is compared on the same compound when at least 4 stints used it.
  4. Combine over the era. A weighted average of the session values. An axis is only scored with at least 5 qualifying sessions and 150 lap-corners, or 5 races and 8 stints; otherwise it stays empty rather than guessed.
  5. Rank.The 0–100 score is the driver-era's percentile among every driver-era in the dataset, so 50 is typical.
  6. Confidence.The driver's sessions are resampled 400 times and re-ranked. The 90% range runs from the 5th to the 95th percentile of those ranks, and confidence is 1 minus the average width of the ranges.

COMPARISON GROUPS

ERA AVG

The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

ALL-TIME

The average of every driver-era in the dataset. Scores are ranks among those same driver-eras, so it sits at 50 on every axis by construction.

CHAMPIONS

World champions in the eras they won their titles, from the final standings of completed seasons. In the dataset: Lewis Hamilton (2018, 2019, 2020), Max Verstappen (2021, 2022, 2023, 2024), Lando Norris (2025).

TEAMMATES

The driver's teammates in this era, weighted by sessions shared. Same car, so this is the fairest comparison.

AXES

AXISMEASURESHIGHER MEANSDATA
STEERING SMOOTHNESSHow smoothly the driver steers through each corner.Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO
ENTRY AGGRESSIONSpeed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
TYRE MANAGEMENTHow fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT
THROTTLE APPLICATIONDistance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
BRAKINGWhere the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
CONSISTENCYHow much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

DATA AND COVERAGE

Source: Official F1 live-timing feed, read through TracingInsights' public FastF1 extraction (2018–2022) and the OpenF1 historical API (2023–2026). The feed gives car data (speed, throttle, brake on/off, gear) about 3.7 times a second, car positions, laps, tyre stints, gaps and race-control messages. It does not carry steering angle or brake pressure. 180 qualifying sessions and 186 races are scored.

SEASONWEEKENDSQUALIFYINGRACESNOT SCORED
20182120/2120/21
Australian qualifying: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
Australian race: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
20192121/2121/21—
20201715/1717/17
Styrian qualifying: wet
Turkish qualifying: wet
20212220/2222/22
Belgian qualifying: wet
Russian qualifying: mixed conditions, 6 drivers on dry tyres
20222220/2222/22
Canadian qualifying: wet
British qualifying: wet
20232221/2222/22
Dutch qualifying: mixed conditions, 9 drivers on dry tyres
20242422/2424/24
Belgian qualifying: wet
São Paulo qualifying: wet
20252422/2424/24
Azerbaijan qualifying: no lap data in the public feed
Las Vegas qualifying: wet
202619 (+4 still to run)19/1919/19—

KNOWN LIMITATIONS

  • The field includes faster and slower cars, so a driver in a quick car scores higher on car-sensitive measures such as minimum corner speed. The teammate comparison is where the car is held constant.
  • The braking point is not adjusted for approach speed: a driver who exits the previous corner faster arrives quicker and has to brake earlier. Braking describes style more than pace.
  • Tyre management cannot tell tyre wear apart from a driver deliberately controlling pace, so its ranges are wide.
  • From 2026, throttle and braking traces also reflect energy recovery (lifting before braking, harvesting at full throttle), not only driving style.
  • Steering smoothness needs steering angle, which no public feed carries. It is never estimated and will come from onboard video, along with seasons before 2018.

PIPELINE TIMING-0.1.0 · GENERATED 2026-11-02 · OFFICIAL F1 LIVE-TIMING FEED, READ THROUGH TRACINGINSIGHTS' PUBLIC FASTF1 EXTRACTION (2018–2022) AND THE OPENF1 HISTORICAL API (2023–2026)