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DRIVING SIGNATURE · FULL METRICS

Antonio Giovinazzi

Late hybrid era (2018–2021) · data from 2019–2021 · Alfa Romeo Racing

LAPS USED

1,850

QUALIFYING

54

RACES

56

AXES SCORED

5/6

CONFIDENCE

0.67

How this is calculated — the era, the field, the comparison groups and every threshold.

OVERVIEW

Each axis is a 0–100 rank among every driver-era in the dataset, built from differences to the same-session field. The 90% range is where nine in ten resampled scores land. Rank is within the late hybrid field.

STEERINGSMOOTHNESSPENDINGENTRY AGGRESSIONTYRE MANAGEMENTTHROTTLE APPLICATIONBRAKINGCONSISTENCY

DASHED: ERA AVG — The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

AXISSCORE90% RANGERANKERA AVGALL-TIMECHAMPIONSTEAMMATES
STEERINGPENDING——————
ENTRY3326–4119/3047509223
TYRE MGMT156–7226/3053505145
THROTTLE2215–3024/3050507635
BRAKING2921–4322/3049507832
CONSISTENCY5130–7615/3049508146

AXIS BY AXIS

What each axis measures, where the driver sits among this era's drivers, the raw differences behind the score, and how it moved from weekend to weekend.

ENTRY AGGRESSION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Speed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.

33/ 100
RANK 19 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 26–41

Higher means: Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 77Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 40Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 99Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 65Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 81Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 25Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 98Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 46Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 73Robert Kubica (Williams): 1Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 44Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 6Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 59Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 27Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 2Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 13Lando Norris (McLaren): 67Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 49Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 45Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 24Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 90George Russell (Williams): 22Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 52Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 4Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 17Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 61Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 15Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 93Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 66Antonio Giovinazzi: 33

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

2.5 km/h less speed as the brake comes off.

1.7 km/h lower minimum corner speed.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

201920202021
2019 Melbourne: -0.382019 Sakhir: -0.662019 Shanghai: no usable session2019 Baku: -0.302019 Barcelona: -0.482019 Monte Carlo: -0.132019 Montréal: +0.222019 Le Castellet: -0.042019 Spielberg: +0.202019 Silverstone: +0.062019 Hockenheim: -0.122019 Budapest: -0.122019 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.432019 Monza: -0.142019 Singapore: -0.162019 Sochi: -0.572019 Suzuka: -0.212019 Mexico City: -0.532019 Austin: -0.582019 São Paulo: +0.032019 Yas Island: -0.392020 Spielberg: -1.192020 Spielberg: no usable session2020 Budapest: -0.682020 Silverstone: -0.312020 Silverstone: -0.672020 Barcelona: -0.672020 Spa-Francorchamps: -1.202020 Monza: -0.622020 Mugello: -0.572020 Sochi: -0.932020 Nürburgring: -0.172020 Portimão: -0.632020 Imola: -0.412020 Sakhir: +0.292020 Sakhir: +0.132020 Yas Island: -0.932021 Sakhir: +0.482021 Imola: +0.182021 Portimão: -0.152021 Barcelona: -0.332021 Monte Carlo: +0.072021 Baku: no usable session2021 Le Castellet: -0.082021 Spielberg: +0.012021 Spielberg: -0.012021 Silverstone: +0.082021 Budapest: -0.392021 Zandvoort: +0.132021 Monza: -0.282021 Sochi: no usable session2021 Istanbul: -1.212021 Austin: -0.792021 Mexico City: -0.522021 São Paulo: -0.432021 Lusail: -0.902021 Jeddah: +0.012021 Yas Island: -0.39

54 SESSIONS · 933 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

TYRE MANAGEMENT

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.

15/ 100
RANK 26 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 6–72

Higher means: Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 63Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 93Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 10Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 84Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 49Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 47Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 59Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 79Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 88Robert Kubica (Williams): 8Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 36Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 54Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 18Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 75Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 4Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 16Lando Norris (McLaren): 81Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 86Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 60Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 46Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 87George Russell (Williams): 64Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 74Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 9Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 26Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 98Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 91Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 38Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 20Antonio Giovinazzi: 15

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Loses 0.059 s per lap of tyre age after fuel correction, 0.017 s/lap more than the race median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

201920202021
2019 Melbourne: +0.312019 Sakhir: -0.032019 Shanghai: +0.032019 Baku: +0.752019 Barcelona: -0.712019 Monte Carlo: -1.842019 Montréal: +2.402019 Le Castellet: +0.322019 Spielberg: +0.212019 Silverstone: +0.532019 Hockenheim: no usable session2019 Budapest: -0.702019 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.762019 Monza: -0.292019 Singapore: -0.442019 Sochi: +0.732019 Suzuka: -0.152019 Mexico City: +0.702019 Austin: -0.682019 São Paulo: +0.562019 Yas Island: -1.802020 Spielberg: +1.692020 Spielberg: -1.202020 Budapest: -1.032020 Silverstone: -0.352020 Silverstone: -0.572020 Barcelona: -1.492020 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2020 Monza: -0.172020 Mugello: no usable session2020 Sochi: -0.482020 Nürburgring: -1.432020 Portimão: -0.982020 Imola: -1.362020 Sakhir: -0.352020 Sakhir: no usable session2020 Yas Island: -1.252021 Sakhir: +0.722021 Imola: -0.632021 Portimão: +0.102021 Barcelona: -0.652021 Monte Carlo: -1.982021 Baku: +0.172021 Le Castellet: -0.522021 Spielberg: -0.232021 Spielberg: +0.602021 Silverstone: +0.692021 Budapest: -1.172021 Zandvoort: +1.502021 Monza: -2.722021 Sochi: -0.872021 Istanbul: no usable session2021 Austin: -0.542021 Mexico City: +1.892021 São Paulo: +0.442021 Lusail: -1.432021 Jeddah: -0.792021 Yas Island: -0.22

53 SESSIONS · 83 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

THROTTLE APPLICATION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Distance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.

22/ 100
RANK 24 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 15–30

Higher means: Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 39Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 76Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 75Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 61Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 87Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 66Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 60Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 73Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 56Robert Kubica (Williams): 2Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 97Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 18Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 30Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 27Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 1Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 4Lando Norris (McLaren): 45Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 9Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 64Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 36Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 67George Russell (Williams): 35Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 62Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 13Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 57Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 91Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 70Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 94Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 54Antonio Giovinazzi: 22

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Reaches full throttle 5.5 m further from the apex than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

201920202021
2019 Melbourne: -0.122019 Sakhir: -0.392019 Shanghai: no usable session2019 Baku: -0.282019 Barcelona: -0.412019 Monte Carlo: -0.242019 Montréal: -0.312019 Le Castellet: -0.282019 Spielberg: -0.252019 Silverstone: -0.252019 Hockenheim: +0.072019 Budapest: -0.172019 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.922019 Monza: -0.372019 Singapore: -0.232019 Sochi: -0.072019 Suzuka: -0.282019 Mexico City: -0.172019 Austin: -0.822019 São Paulo: -0.252019 Yas Island: -0.592020 Spielberg: -0.362020 Spielberg: no usable session2020 Budapest: -0.132020 Silverstone: +0.422020 Silverstone: -0.252020 Barcelona: -0.312020 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.022020 Monza: -0.362020 Mugello: +0.022020 Sochi: -0.202020 Nürburgring: -0.152020 Portimão: -0.062020 Imola: -0.122020 Sakhir: -0.522020 Sakhir: -0.162020 Yas Island: -0.202021 Sakhir: -0.022021 Imola: -0.572021 Portimão: +0.112021 Barcelona: +0.042021 Monte Carlo: -0.132021 Baku: no usable session2021 Le Castellet: -0.402021 Spielberg: -0.432021 Spielberg: -0.192021 Silverstone: -0.442021 Budapest: +0.142021 Zandvoort: +0.032021 Monza: -0.492021 Sochi: no usable session2021 Istanbul: -0.562021 Austin: -0.242021 Mexico City: 0.002021 São Paulo: -0.392021 Lusail: -0.012021 Jeddah: +0.132021 Yas Island: +0.53

54 SESSIONS · 894 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

BRAKING

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Where the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.

29/ 100
RANK 22 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 21–43

Higher means: Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 38Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 60Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 86Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 55Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 90Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 61Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 97Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 99Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 46Robert Kubica (Williams): 14Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 70Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 15Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 59Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 10Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 1Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 2Lando Norris (McLaren): 88Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 24Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 31Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 33Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 73George Russell (Williams): 27Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 49Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 30Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 9Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 92Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 66Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 78Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 43Antonio Giovinazzi: 29

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Starts braking 3.0 m earlier than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

201920202021
2019 Melbourne: -0.812019 Sakhir: -0.462019 Shanghai: no usable session2019 Baku: -1.042019 Barcelona: -0.322019 Monte Carlo: -0.392019 Montréal: +0.122019 Le Castellet: +0.032019 Spielberg: -0.102019 Silverstone: +0.162019 Hockenheim: -0.642019 Budapest: +0.272019 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.102019 Monza: -0.192019 Singapore: -0.082019 Sochi: -0.102019 Suzuka: +0.242019 Mexico City: +0.032019 Austin: -0.572019 São Paulo: -0.082019 Yas Island: -0.272020 Spielberg: -0.702020 Spielberg: no usable session2020 Budapest: +0.012020 Silverstone: +0.022020 Silverstone: -0.302020 Barcelona: -0.092020 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.392020 Monza: -0.752020 Mugello: -0.582020 Sochi: +0.082020 Nürburgring: -0.282020 Portimão: -0.502020 Imola: -0.112020 Sakhir: -0.132020 Sakhir: -0.722020 Yas Island: -0.662021 Sakhir: -0.412021 Imola: -0.102021 Portimão: +0.402021 Barcelona: -0.272021 Monte Carlo: -0.102021 Baku: no usable session2021 Le Castellet: +0.012021 Spielberg: +0.322021 Spielberg: -0.012021 Silverstone: -0.172021 Budapest: -0.422021 Zandvoort: -0.332021 Monza: -0.632021 Sochi: no usable session2021 Istanbul: -0.822021 Austin: -0.722021 Mexico City: -0.052021 São Paulo: -0.452021 Lusail: -0.222021 Jeddah: -0.432021 Yas Island: -0.16

54 SESSIONS · 812 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

CONSISTENCY

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.

51/ 100
RANK 15 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 30–76

Higher means: Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 40Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 45Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 44Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 22Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 67Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 34Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 57Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 30Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 49Robert Kubica (Williams): 4Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 66Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 14Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 64Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 32Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 1Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 3Lando Norris (McLaren): 87Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 85Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 60Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 48Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 73George Russell (Williams): 17Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 86Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 7Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 63Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 58Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 80Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 95Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 84Antonio Giovinazzi: 51

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Lap times scatter 0.350 s around the stint trend, 0.037 s looser than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

201920202021
2019 Melbourne: -0.452019 Sakhir: -1.512019 Shanghai: +0.082019 Baku: -1.582019 Barcelona: -1.082019 Monte Carlo: -0.902019 Montréal: +0.872019 Le Castellet: +0.112019 Spielberg: -0.102019 Silverstone: +1.032019 Hockenheim: -0.472019 Budapest: -3.002019 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.482019 Monza: -0.962019 Singapore: -0.092019 Sochi: +0.152019 Suzuka: -0.142019 Mexico City: -0.152019 Austin: +1.062019 São Paulo: -0.022019 Yas Island: -0.062020 Spielberg: +0.252020 Spielberg: -1.112020 Budapest: +0.022020 Silverstone: +2.272020 Silverstone: -0.232020 Barcelona: -0.092020 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2020 Monza: -0.832020 Mugello: no usable session2020 Sochi: -0.072020 Nürburgring: -1.372020 Portimão: -0.092020 Imola: -0.642020 Sakhir: -2.232020 Sakhir: -1.302020 Yas Island: -1.472021 Sakhir: -0.912021 Imola: +0.892021 Portimão: +0.782021 Barcelona: -0.832021 Monte Carlo: -0.482021 Baku: +1.172021 Le Castellet: -0.482021 Spielberg: -0.992021 Spielberg: +1.522021 Silverstone: +0.772021 Budapest: -0.512021 Zandvoort: +0.582021 Monza: +0.752021 Sochi: -0.832021 Istanbul: no usable session2021 Austin: -0.722021 Mexico City: +0.292021 São Paulo: -0.442021 Lusail: -1.052021 Jeddah: -0.202021 Yas Island: +0.54

55 SESSIONS · 95 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

STEERING SMOOTHNESS

NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO

How smoothly the driver steers through each corner.

PENDING

Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.

TEAMMATES

Same car, same sessions. Each cell is the average difference over the sessions they shared, in field-spread units: +0.30 means 0.3 of a typical field spread better on that axis. Qualifying H2H is the share of shared qualifying sessions where Giovinazzi's best lap was faster.

TEAMMATESHAREDQUALI H2HENTRYTYRE MGMTTHROTTLEBRAKINGCONSISTENCY
Kimi Räikkönen104
51 Q · 53 R
57%+0.39-0.26-0.09-0.02+0.10
Robert Kubica4
2 Q · 2 R
100%+1.16+0.08+0.12+0.21+1.38

SESSION LOG

Every weekend in this era. Values are the difference from that session's field in field-spread units, green better and red worse. A dash means the session was skipped (wet, or no data) or the driver had no usable laps.

WEEKENDCIRCUITTEAMQ LAPSBRAKINGENTRYTHROTTLERACE LAPSCONSISTENCYTYRE MGMT
2019 R01MelbourneAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.81-0.38-0.1249-0.45+0.31
2019 R02SakhirAlfa Romeo Racing2-0.46-0.66-0.3929-1.51-0.03
2019 R03ShanghaiAlfa Romeo Racing————42+0.08+0.03
2019 R04BakuAlfa Romeo Racing3-1.04-0.30-0.2825-1.58+0.75
2019 R05BarcelonaAlfa Romeo Racing2-0.32-0.48-0.4129-1.08-0.71
2019 R06Monte CarloAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.39-0.13-0.2444-0.90-1.84
2019 R07MontréalAlfa Romeo Racing3+0.12+0.22-0.3151+0.87+2.40
2019 R08Le CastelletAlfa Romeo Racing3+0.03-0.04-0.2832+0.11+0.32
2019 R09SpielbergAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.10+0.20-0.2552-0.10+0.21
2019 R10SilverstoneAlfa Romeo Racing3+0.16+0.06-0.2512+1.03+0.53
2019 R11HockenheimAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.64-0.12+0.077-0.47—
2019 R12BudapestAlfa Romeo Racing3+0.27-0.12-0.1724-3.00-0.70
2019 R13Spa-FrancorchampsAlfa Romeo Racing1-0.10-0.43-0.9221+0.48+0.76
2019 R14MonzaAlfa Romeo Racing2-0.19-0.14-0.3738-0.96-0.29
2019 R15SingaporeAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.08-0.16-0.2331-0.09-0.44
2019 R16SochiAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.10-0.57-0.0736+0.15+0.73
2019 R17SuzukaAlfa Romeo Racing3+0.24-0.21-0.2831-0.14-0.15
2019 R18Mexico CityAlfa Romeo Racing3+0.03-0.53-0.1755-0.15+0.70
2019 R19AustinAlfa Romeo Racing1-0.57-0.58-0.8230+1.06-0.68
2019 R20São PauloAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.08+0.03-0.2523-0.02+0.56
2019 R21Yas IslandAlfa Romeo Racing1-0.27-0.39-0.5933-0.06-1.80
2020 R01SpielbergAlfa Romeo Racing2-0.70-1.19-0.3618+0.25+1.69
2020 R02SpielbergAlfa Romeo Racing————34-1.11-1.20
2020 R03BudapestAlfa Romeo Racing2+0.01-0.68-0.1360+0.02-1.03
2020 R04SilverstoneAlfa Romeo Racing2+0.02-0.31+0.4219+2.27-0.35
2020 R05SilverstoneAlfa Romeo Racing2-0.30-0.67-0.2536-0.23-0.57
2020 R06BarcelonaAlfa Romeo Racing1-0.09-0.67-0.3140-0.09-1.49
2020 R07Spa-FrancorchampsAlfa Romeo Racing1-0.39-1.20-0.020——
2020 R08MonzaAlfa Romeo Racing2-0.75-0.62-0.3628-0.83-0.17
2020 R09MugelloAlfa Romeo Racing2-0.58-0.57+0.02———
2020 R10SochiAlfa Romeo Racing1+0.08-0.93-0.2027-0.07-0.48
2020 R11NürburgringAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.28-0.17-0.1528-1.37-1.43
2020 R12PortimãoAlfa Romeo Racing2-0.50-0.63-0.0641-0.09-0.98
2020 R13ImolaAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.11-0.41-0.1231-0.64-1.36
2020 R15SakhirAlfa Romeo Racing2-0.13+0.29-0.5223-2.23-0.35
2020 R16SakhirAlfa Romeo Racing2-0.72+0.13-0.167-1.30—
2020 R17Yas IslandAlfa Romeo Racing1-0.66-0.93-0.2031-1.47-1.25
2021 R01SakhirAlfa Romeo Racing1-0.41+0.48-0.0241-0.91+0.72
2021 R02ImolaAlfa Romeo Racing1-0.10+0.18-0.5720+0.89-0.63
2021 R03PortimãoAlfa Romeo Racing3+0.40-0.15+0.1126+0.78+0.10
2021 R04BarcelonaAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.27-0.33+0.0444-0.83-0.65
2021 R05Monte CarloAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.10+0.07-0.1332-0.48-1.98
2021 R06BakuAlfa Romeo Racing————22+1.17+0.17
2021 R07Le CastelletAlfa Romeo Racing3+0.01-0.08-0.4027-0.48-0.52
2021 R08SpielbergAlfa Romeo Racing3+0.32+0.01-0.4343-0.99-0.23
2021 R09SpielbergAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.01-0.01-0.1929+1.52+0.60
2021 R10SilverstoneAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.17+0.08-0.4413+0.77+0.69
2021 R11BudapestAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.42-0.39+0.1431-0.51-1.17
2021 R13ZandvoortAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.33+0.13+0.0339+0.58+1.50
2021 R14MonzaAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.63-0.28-0.4922+0.75-2.72
2021 R15SochiAlfa Romeo Racing————30-0.83-0.87
2021 R16IstanbulAlfa Romeo Racing2-0.82-1.21-0.56———
2021 R17AustinAlfa Romeo Racing2-0.72-0.79-0.2442-0.72-0.54
2021 R18Mexico CityAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.05-0.520.0059+0.29+1.89
2021 R19São PauloAlfa Romeo Racing1-0.45-0.43-0.3919-0.44+0.44
2021 R20LusailAlfa Romeo Racing2-0.22-0.90-0.0126-1.05-1.43
2021 R21JeddahAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.43+0.01+0.1320-0.20-0.79
2021 R22Yas IslandAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.16-0.39+0.5321+0.54-0.22

HOW THIS IS CALCULATED

The definitions behind every number on this page. The full specification lives with the pipeline code (backend/pipeline/signature/SPEC.md).

REGULATION ERAS

An era is a period under one set of technical rules. When the rules change, every car brakes, turns and wears its tyres differently, so a driver's style relative to the field can shift too. Signatures are therefore computed separately for each era, and the driver page shows the most recent era with at least one scored axis. These eras are defined by the car rules, separate from the storytelling eras elsewhere on the site.

ERAWHAT DEFINES ITDATA IN THIS DATASET
LATE HYBRID
2018–2021
THIS PAGE
1.6-litre V6 turbo hybrid power units, used since 2014, in the wider, higher-downforce cars on wider tyres introduced in 2017.
The era starts in 2018, the first season of the official timing archive, although its car rules date from 2017.
2018–2021
30 drivers scored
GROUND EFFECT
2022–2025
Most downforce comes from two Venturi tunnels under the floor, with simplified wings and 18-inch low-profile tyres, so that cars can follow each other more closely.
2022–2025
31 drivers scored
ACTIVE AERO
2026 onwards
Front and rear wings switch between a corner mode and a low-drag straight mode, replacing DRS. Cars are shorter, narrower and lighter (768 kg), the floor tunnels are gone, and power is split roughly half and half between combustion and electric, with the MGU-H removed and fully sustainable fuel.
Energy recovery is a bigger part of each lap: drivers lift off before braking to recharge and cars harvest at full throttle at the end of straights. Throttle and braking traces reflect energy management as well as driving style.
2026
22 drivers scored

THE FIELD

Every measurement is a difference from the other cars in the same session. Comparing within a session cancels out the track, the weather, the tyre generation and the overall speed of that year's cars, which is what makes different weekends comparable. For each corner, or each race, the driver's value has the field median subtracted and is divided by the field's spread (a robust z-score, capped at ±3). A value of +1 means one typical field spread better than the median driver.

FROM LAPS TO A SCORE

  1. Pick the laps. Qualifying: up to 3 push laps per driver, within 1% of their own best and 107% of the fastest lap, on dry tyres, not deleted for track limits and not run under red or yellow flags. Race: clean laps only, meaning not lap 1, no pit laps, no safety car, virtual safety car, red or yellow flag, dry tyres, at least 1.5 s behind the car ahead, and within 107% of the driver's stint median.
  2. Measure.Corners are the slowest points of the session's fastest lap (dips of at least 25km/h). Every lap is mapped onto that lap's line, so all drivers' brake points and apexes share one distance scale. Full throttle means 98% pedal or more, and a lift is a drop of 10points. In the race, each stint's lap times are corrected for fuel (0.055 s per lap of fuel still on board) and fitted against tyre age: the slope is degradation (at least 8 clean laps), and the scatter around the line is consistency (at least 6).
  3. Compare with the field. Each corner needs at least 8 field laps; tyre degradation is compared on the same compound when at least 4 stints used it.
  4. Combine over the era. A weighted average of the session values. An axis is only scored with at least 5 qualifying sessions and 150 lap-corners, or 5 races and 8 stints; otherwise it stays empty rather than guessed.
  5. Rank.The 0–100 score is the driver-era's percentile among every driver-era in the dataset, so 50 is typical.
  6. Confidence.The driver's sessions are resampled 400 times and re-ranked. The 90% range runs from the 5th to the 95th percentile of those ranks, and confidence is 1 minus the average width of the ranges.

COMPARISON GROUPS

ERA AVG

The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

ALL-TIME

The average of every driver-era in the dataset. Scores are ranks among those same driver-eras, so it sits at 50 on every axis by construction.

CHAMPIONS

World champions in the eras they won their titles, from the final standings of completed seasons. In the dataset: Lewis Hamilton (2018, 2019, 2020), Max Verstappen (2021, 2022, 2023, 2024), Lando Norris (2025).

TEAMMATES

The driver's teammates in this era, weighted by sessions shared. Same car, so this is the fairest comparison.

AXES

AXISMEASURESHIGHER MEANSDATA
STEERING SMOOTHNESSHow smoothly the driver steers through each corner.Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO
ENTRY AGGRESSIONSpeed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
TYRE MANAGEMENTHow fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT
THROTTLE APPLICATIONDistance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
BRAKINGWhere the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
CONSISTENCYHow much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

DATA AND COVERAGE

Source: Official F1 live-timing feed, read through TracingInsights' public FastF1 extraction (2018–2022) and the OpenF1 historical API (2023–2026). The feed gives car data (speed, throttle, brake on/off, gear) about 3.7 times a second, car positions, laps, tyre stints, gaps and race-control messages. It does not carry steering angle or brake pressure. 180 qualifying sessions and 186 races are scored.

SEASONWEEKENDSQUALIFYINGRACESNOT SCORED
20182120/2120/21
Australian qualifying: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
Australian race: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
20192121/2121/21—
20201715/1717/17
Styrian qualifying: wet
Turkish qualifying: wet
20212220/2222/22
Belgian qualifying: wet
Russian qualifying: mixed conditions, 6 drivers on dry tyres
20222220/2222/22
Canadian qualifying: wet
British qualifying: wet
20232221/2222/22
Dutch qualifying: mixed conditions, 9 drivers on dry tyres
20242422/2424/24
Belgian qualifying: wet
São Paulo qualifying: wet
20252422/2424/24
Azerbaijan qualifying: no lap data in the public feed
Las Vegas qualifying: wet
202619 (+4 still to run)19/1919/19—

KNOWN LIMITATIONS

  • The field includes faster and slower cars, so a driver in a quick car scores higher on car-sensitive measures such as minimum corner speed. The teammate comparison is where the car is held constant.
  • The braking point is not adjusted for approach speed: a driver who exits the previous corner faster arrives quicker and has to brake earlier. Braking describes style more than pace.
  • Tyre management cannot tell tyre wear apart from a driver deliberately controlling pace, so its ranges are wide.
  • From 2026, throttle and braking traces also reflect energy recovery (lifting before braking, harvesting at full throttle), not only driving style.
  • Steering smoothness needs steering angle, which no public feed carries. It is never estimated and will come from onboard video, along with seasons before 2018.

PIPELINE TIMING-0.1.0 · GENERATED 2026-11-02 · OFFICIAL F1 LIVE-TIMING FEED, READ THROUGH TRACINGINSIGHTS' PUBLIC FASTF1 EXTRACTION (2018–2022) AND THE OPENF1 HISTORICAL API (2023–2026)