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DRIVING SIGNATURE · FULL METRICS

Kimi Räikkönen

Late hybrid era (2018–2021) · data from 2018–2021 · Alfa Romeo Racing, Ferrari

LAPS USED

2,413

QUALIFYING

73

RACES

72

AXES SCORED

5/6

CONFIDENCE

0.70

How this is calculated — the era, the field, the comparison groups and every threshold.

OVERVIEW

Each axis is a 0–100 rank among every driver-era in the dataset, built from differences to the same-session field. The 90% range is where nine in ten resampled scores land. Rank is within the late hybrid field.

STEERINGSMOOTHNESSPENDINGENTRY AGGRESSIONTYRE MANAGEMENTTHROTTLE APPLICATIONBRAKINGCONSISTENCY

DASHED: ERA AVG — The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

AXISSCORE90% RANGERANKERA AVGALL-TIMECHAMPIONSTEAMMATES
STEERINGPENDING——————
ENTRY2420–3122/3047509242
TYRE MGMT4613–7319/3053505116
THROTTLE3631–4720/3050507631
BRAKING3321–4219/3049507833
CONSISTENCY4830–7317/3049508160

AXIS BY AXIS

What each axis measures, where the driver sits among this era's drivers, the raw differences behind the score, and how it moved from weekend to weekend.

ENTRY AGGRESSION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Speed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.

24/ 100
RANK 22 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 20–31

Higher means: Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 77Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 40Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 99Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 65Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 81Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 33Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 25Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 98Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 46Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 73Robert Kubica (Williams): 1Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 44Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 6Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 59Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 27Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 2Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 13Lando Norris (McLaren): 67Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 49Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 45Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 90George Russell (Williams): 22Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 52Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 4Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 17Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 61Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 15Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 93Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 66Kimi Räikkönen: 24

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

3.1 km/h less speed as the brake comes off.

2.4 km/h lower minimum corner speed.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2018201920202021
2018 Sakhir: +0.292018 Shanghai: +0.032018 Baku: +0.872018 Barcelona: +0.592018 Monte Carlo: +0.132018 Montréal: +0.262018 Le Castellet: -0.332018 Spielberg: +0.242018 Silverstone: -0.122018 Hockenheim: +0.172018 Budapest: +0.142018 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.302018 Monza: +0.552018 Singapore: +0.142018 Sochi: +0.202018 Suzuka: -0.172018 Austin: -0.462018 Mexico City: -0.422018 São Paulo: -0.172018 Yas Marina: +0.192019 Melbourne: -0.082019 Sakhir: -0.672019 Shanghai: -0.432019 Baku: -0.552019 Barcelona: -0.892019 Monte Carlo: -0.252019 Montréal: -0.472019 Le Castellet: -0.832019 Spielberg: -0.072019 Silverstone: -0.212019 Hockenheim: -0.472019 Budapest: -0.532019 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.282019 Monza: -0.412019 Singapore: -0.522019 Sochi: -0.812019 Suzuka: -0.852019 Mexico City: -0.772019 Austin: -0.562019 São Paulo: -0.792019 Yas Island: -1.122020 Spielberg: -1.282020 Spielberg: no usable session2020 Budapest: -1.202020 Silverstone: -0.882020 Silverstone: -1.012020 Barcelona: -0.572020 Spa-Francorchamps: -1.082020 Monza: -0.742020 Mugello: -0.782020 Sochi: -0.902020 Nürburgring: -0.892020 Portimão: -1.012020 Imola: -0.512020 Sakhir: -0.762020 Sakhir: -1.252020 Yas Island: -0.632021 Sakhir: -0.862021 Imola: -0.802021 Portimão: -0.472021 Barcelona: -0.972021 Monte Carlo: -0.152021 Baku: 0.002021 Le Castellet: -1.212021 Spielberg: -0.902021 Spielberg: -0.382021 Silverstone: -0.142021 Budapest: -0.832021 Sochi: no usable session2021 Istanbul: -1.672021 Austin: no usable session2021 Mexico City: -0.542021 São Paulo: -0.812021 Lusail: -1.082021 Jeddah: -0.372021 Yas Island: -0.97

73 SESSIONS · 1392 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

TYRE MANAGEMENT

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.

46/ 100
RANK 19 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 13–73

Higher means: Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 63Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 93Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 10Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 84Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 49Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 15Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 47Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 59Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 79Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 88Robert Kubica (Williams): 8Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 36Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 54Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 18Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 75Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 4Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 16Lando Norris (McLaren): 81Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 86Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 60Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 87George Russell (Williams): 64Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 74Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 9Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 26Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 98Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 91Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 38Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 20Kimi Räikkönen: 46

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Loses 0.046 s per lap of tyre age after fuel correction, 0.006 s/lap more than the race median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2018201920202021
2018 Sakhir: -0.312018 Shanghai: +0.452018 Baku: +0.482018 Barcelona: -1.152018 Monte Carlo: -0.112018 Montréal: -0.462018 Le Castellet: -0.812018 Spielberg: +0.882018 Silverstone: no usable session2018 Hockenheim: -0.912018 Budapest: -0.792018 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2018 Monza: -1.402018 Singapore: -0.112018 Sochi: -0.372018 Suzuka: -1.602018 Austin: -0.042018 Mexico City: -0.252018 São Paulo: -0.402018 Yas Marina: no usable session2019 Melbourne: +0.232019 Sakhir: -0.332019 Shanghai: -1.132019 Baku: +0.012019 Barcelona: +0.502019 Monte Carlo: -0.572019 Montréal: -0.472019 Le Castellet: +0.072019 Spielberg: -0.332019 Silverstone: +0.582019 Hockenheim: no usable session2019 Budapest: +1.362019 Spa-Francorchamps: 0.002019 Monza: +0.012019 Singapore: -1.632019 Sochi: -0.222019 Suzuka: +0.822019 Mexico City: -0.772019 Austin: +1.412019 São Paulo: +0.052019 Yas Island: -0.542020 Spielberg: no usable session2020 Spielberg: -1.072020 Budapest: +1.082020 Silverstone: +0.402020 Silverstone: -0.492020 Barcelona: -0.802020 Spa-Francorchamps: 0.002020 Monza: -1.842020 Mugello: +0.392020 Sochi: +0.162020 Nürburgring: no usable session2020 Portimão: -0.892020 Imola: -0.862020 Sakhir: +0.122020 Sakhir: -0.142020 Yas Island: +1.522021 Sakhir: +2.212021 Imola: +0.612021 Portimão: no usable session2021 Barcelona: +0.592021 Monte Carlo: -0.192021 Baku: +0.662021 Le Castellet: -0.312021 Spielberg: +0.072021 Spielberg: +0.482021 Silverstone: +0.102021 Budapest: +0.312021 Sochi: -0.112021 Istanbul: no usable session2021 Austin: -1.702021 Mexico City: +0.772021 São Paulo: -0.492021 Lusail: +0.892021 Jeddah: -1.772021 Yas Island: +1.06

68 SESSIONS · 113 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

THROTTLE APPLICATION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Distance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.

36/ 100
RANK 20 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 31–47

Higher means: Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 39Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 76Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 75Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 61Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 87Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 22Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 66Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 60Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 73Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 56Robert Kubica (Williams): 2Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 97Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 18Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 30Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 27Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 1Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 4Lando Norris (McLaren): 45Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 9Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 64Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 67George Russell (Williams): 35Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 62Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 13Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 57Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 91Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 70Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 94Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 54Kimi Räikkönen: 36

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Reaches full throttle 1.9 m further from the apex than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2018201920202021
2018 Sakhir: +0.522018 Shanghai: +0.292018 Baku: -0.072018 Barcelona: +0.202018 Monte Carlo: +0.142018 Montréal: +0.112018 Le Castellet: +0.272018 Spielberg: +0.122018 Silverstone: +0.112018 Hockenheim: +0.042018 Budapest: -0.092018 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.092018 Monza: +0.102018 Singapore: -0.132018 Sochi: +0.022018 Suzuka: -0.202018 Austin: +0.052018 Mexico City: -0.122018 São Paulo: -0.062018 Yas Marina: -0.032019 Melbourne: +0.222019 Sakhir: +0.192019 Shanghai: -0.302019 Baku: -0.582019 Barcelona: -0.132019 Monte Carlo: 0.002019 Montréal: -0.452019 Le Castellet: +0.162019 Spielberg: -0.172019 Silverstone: -0.402019 Hockenheim: +0.112019 Budapest: -0.082019 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.172019 Monza: -0.062019 Singapore: -0.322019 Sochi: -0.282019 Suzuka: -0.222019 Mexico City: +0.112019 Austin: -0.232019 São Paulo: +0.332019 Yas Island: -0.102020 Spielberg: -0.352020 Spielberg: no usable session2020 Budapest: -0.312020 Silverstone: -0.062020 Silverstone: -0.292020 Barcelona: +0.222020 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.272020 Monza: +0.252020 Mugello: +0.132020 Sochi: +0.042020 Nürburgring: -0.112020 Portimão: 0.002020 Imola: +0.082020 Sakhir: -0.232020 Sakhir: -0.382020 Yas Island: -0.422021 Sakhir: +0.022021 Imola: -0.322021 Portimão: -0.132021 Barcelona: -0.112021 Monte Carlo: -0.112021 Baku: -0.462021 Le Castellet: 0.002021 Spielberg: -0.422021 Spielberg: -0.342021 Silverstone: -0.332021 Budapest: -0.162021 Sochi: no usable session2021 Istanbul: -0.172021 Austin: no usable session2021 Mexico City: -0.432021 São Paulo: -0.482021 Lusail: -0.192021 Jeddah: +0.232021 Yas Island: -0.33

73 SESSIONS · 1337 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

BRAKING

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Where the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.

33/ 100
RANK 19 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 21–42

Higher means: Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 38Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 60Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 86Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 55Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 90Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 29Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 61Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 97Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 99Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 46Robert Kubica (Williams): 14Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 70Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 15Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 59Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 10Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 1Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 2Lando Norris (McLaren): 88Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 24Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 31Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 73George Russell (Williams): 27Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 49Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 30Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 9Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 92Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 66Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 78Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 43Kimi Räikkönen: 33

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Starts braking 1.5 m earlier than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2018201920202021
2018 Sakhir: -0.172018 Shanghai: +0.712018 Baku: -0.312018 Barcelona: -0.052018 Monte Carlo: -0.312018 Montréal: +0.622018 Le Castellet: -0.162018 Spielberg: -0.192018 Silverstone: -0.672018 Hockenheim: -0.322018 Budapest: -0.722018 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.332018 Monza: -0.332018 Singapore: -0.642018 Sochi: -0.292018 Suzuka: -0.402018 Austin: +0.122018 Mexico City: -0.492018 São Paulo: -0.312018 Yas Marina: +0.152019 Melbourne: -0.082019 Sakhir: -0.052019 Shanghai: -0.262019 Baku: -0.302019 Barcelona: -0.452019 Monte Carlo: -0.642019 Montréal: +0.262019 Le Castellet: -0.032019 Spielberg: -0.412019 Silverstone: +0.152019 Hockenheim: -0.282019 Budapest: -0.262019 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.012019 Monza: -0.102019 Singapore: +0.172019 Sochi: -0.052019 Suzuka: -0.382019 Mexico City: -0.302019 Austin: -0.252019 São Paulo: -0.562019 Yas Island: -0.142020 Spielberg: -0.982020 Spielberg: no usable session2020 Budapest: -0.432020 Silverstone: +0.382020 Silverstone: -0.312020 Barcelona: 0.002020 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.192020 Monza: -0.302020 Mugello: -0.452020 Sochi: -0.282020 Nürburgring: -0.132020 Portimão: -0.042020 Imola: -0.812020 Sakhir: -0.312020 Sakhir: +0.112020 Yas Island: -0.492021 Sakhir: -0.052021 Imola: -0.072021 Portimão: -0.092021 Barcelona: -0.832021 Monte Carlo: -0.172021 Baku: -0.162021 Le Castellet: -0.232021 Spielberg: +0.322021 Spielberg: -0.272021 Silverstone: -0.062021 Budapest: -0.262021 Sochi: no usable session2021 Istanbul: -0.822021 Austin: no usable session2021 Mexico City: -0.492021 São Paulo: -0.442021 Lusail: -0.212021 Jeddah: +0.032021 Yas Island: +0.22

73 SESSIONS · 1164 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

CONSISTENCY

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.

48/ 100
RANK 17 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 30–73

Higher means: Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 40Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 45Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 44Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 22Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 67Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 51Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 34Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 57Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 30Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 49Robert Kubica (Williams): 4Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 66Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 14Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 64Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 32Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 1Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 3Lando Norris (McLaren): 87Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 85Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 60Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 73George Russell (Williams): 17Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 86Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 7Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 63Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 58Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 80Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 95Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 84Kimi Räikkönen: 48

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Lap times scatter 0.388 s around the stint trend, 0.064 s looser than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2018201920202021
2018 Sakhir: +0.862018 Shanghai: -1.892018 Baku: -0.132018 Barcelona: -0.292018 Monte Carlo: +0.072018 Montréal: -0.042018 Le Castellet: -0.522018 Spielberg: +0.292018 Silverstone: -2.772018 Hockenheim: -0.882018 Budapest: +0.842018 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2018 Monza: -0.332018 Singapore: +0.642018 Sochi: -0.542018 Suzuka: -0.212018 Austin: +0.052018 Mexico City: +0.162018 São Paulo: +0.412018 Yas Marina: no usable session2019 Melbourne: +0.442019 Sakhir: -3.002019 Shanghai: -0.972019 Baku: +0.092019 Barcelona: -0.052019 Monte Carlo: -0.382019 Montréal: +0.572019 Le Castellet: +0.452019 Spielberg: -0.572019 Silverstone: +0.332019 Hockenheim: no usable session2019 Budapest: +0.092019 Spa-Francorchamps: -1.042019 Monza: -1.982019 Singapore: -0.292019 Sochi: -0.252019 Suzuka: -0.742019 Mexico City: -1.562019 Austin: +0.342019 São Paulo: +0.512019 Yas Island: -0.192020 Spielberg: -0.072020 Spielberg: -0.522020 Budapest: -0.492020 Silverstone: +0.822020 Silverstone: -0.232020 Barcelona: -0.592020 Spa-Francorchamps: -2.342020 Monza: -0.352020 Mugello: -0.812020 Sochi: -0.222020 Nürburgring: -0.132020 Portimão: -0.912020 Imola: -0.062020 Sakhir: -0.542020 Sakhir: -0.222020 Yas Island: -0.242021 Sakhir: -0.802021 Imola: -0.312021 Portimão: no usable session2021 Barcelona: -0.492021 Monte Carlo: -0.432021 Baku: -1.332021 Le Castellet: -0.772021 Spielberg: -0.572021 Spielberg: -0.592021 Silverstone: +0.042021 Budapest: -0.292021 Sochi: +0.572021 Istanbul: no usable session2021 Austin: -1.802021 Mexico City: +0.902021 São Paulo: -0.462021 Lusail: +0.552021 Jeddah: -3.002021 Yas Island: 0.00

71 SESSIONS · 124 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

STEERING SMOOTHNESS

NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO

How smoothly the driver steers through each corner.

PENDING

Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.

TEAMMATES

Same car, same sessions. Each cell is the average difference over the sessions they shared, in field-spread units: +0.30 means 0.3 of a typical field spread better on that axis. Qualifying H2H is the share of shared qualifying sessions where Räikkönen's best lap was faster.

TEAMMATESHAREDQUALI H2HENTRYTYRE MGMTTHROTTLEBRAKINGCONSISTENCY
Antonio Giovinazzi104
51 Q · 53 R
43%-0.39+0.26+0.09+0.02-0.10
Sebastian Vettel38
20 Q · 18 R
15%-0.11-0.32+0.04-0.04-0.06

SESSION LOG

Every weekend in this era. Values are the difference from that session's field in field-spread units, green better and red worse. A dash means the session was skipped (wet, or no data) or the driver had no usable laps.

WEEKENDCIRCUITTEAMQ LAPSBRAKINGENTRYTHROTTLERACE LAPSCONSISTENCYTYRE MGMT
2018 R02SakhirFerrari3-0.17+0.29+0.5222+0.86-0.31
2018 R03ShanghaiFerrari2+0.71+0.03+0.2928-1.89+0.45
2018 R04BakuFerrari2-0.31+0.87-0.0722-0.13+0.48
2018 R05BarcelonaFerrari2-0.05+0.59+0.2016-0.29-1.15
2018 R06Monte CarloFerrari3-0.31+0.13+0.1446+0.07-0.11
2018 R07MontréalFerrari3+0.62+0.26+0.1147-0.04-0.46
2018 R08Le CastelletFerrari3-0.16-0.33+0.2736-0.52-0.81
2018 R09SpielbergFerrari3-0.19+0.24+0.1243+0.29+0.88
2018 R10SilverstoneFerrari3-0.67-0.12+0.117-2.77—
2018 R11HockenheimFerrari2-0.32+0.17+0.0438-0.88-0.91
2018 R12BudapestFerrari2-0.72+0.14-0.0939+0.84-0.79
2018 R13Spa-FrancorchampsFerrari2-0.33+0.30-0.09———
2018 R14MonzaFerrari3-0.33+0.55+0.1037-0.33-1.40
2018 R15SingaporeFerrari3-0.64+0.14-0.1329+0.64-0.11
2018 R16SochiFerrari3-0.29+0.20+0.0248-0.54-0.37
2018 R17SuzukaFerrari1-0.40-0.17-0.2037-0.21-1.60
2018 R18AustinFerrari3+0.12-0.46+0.0547+0.05-0.04
2018 R19Mexico CityFerrari3-0.49-0.42-0.1253+0.16-0.25
2018 R20São PauloFerrari3-0.31-0.17-0.0632+0.41-0.40
2018 R21Yas MarinaFerrari2+0.15+0.19-0.03———
2019 R01MelbourneAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.08-0.08+0.2232+0.44+0.23
2019 R02SakhirAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.05-0.67+0.1915-3.00-0.33
2019 R03ShanghaiAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.26-0.43-0.3037-0.97-1.13
2019 R04BakuAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.30-0.55-0.5835+0.09+0.01
2019 R05BarcelonaAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.45-0.89-0.1343-0.05+0.50
2019 R06Monte CarloAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.64-0.250.0030-0.38-0.57
2019 R07MontréalAlfa Romeo Racing3+0.26-0.47-0.4545+0.57-0.47
2019 R08Le CastelletAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.03-0.83+0.1632+0.45+0.07
2019 R09SpielbergAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.41-0.07-0.1752-0.57-0.33
2019 R10SilverstoneAlfa Romeo Racing3+0.15-0.21-0.4011+0.33+0.58
2019 R11HockenheimAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.28-0.47+0.110——
2019 R12BudapestAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.26-0.53-0.0843+0.09+1.36
2019 R13Spa-FrancorchampsAlfa Romeo Racing3+0.01-0.28+0.1728-1.040.00
2019 R14MonzaAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.10-0.41-0.0629-1.98+0.01
2019 R15SingaporeAlfa Romeo Racing3+0.17-0.52-0.3215-0.29-1.63
2019 R16SochiAlfa Romeo Racing2-0.05-0.81-0.2825-0.25-0.22
2019 R17SuzukaAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.38-0.85-0.2224-0.74+0.82
2019 R18Mexico CityAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.30-0.77+0.1132-1.56-0.77
2019 R19AustinAlfa Romeo Racing1-0.25-0.56-0.2338+0.34+1.41
2019 R20São PauloAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.56-0.79+0.3335+0.51+0.05
2019 R21Yas IslandAlfa Romeo Racing2-0.14-1.12-0.1035-0.19-0.54
2020 R01SpielbergAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.98-1.28-0.356-0.07—
2020 R02SpielbergAlfa Romeo Racing————26-0.52-1.07
2020 R03BudapestAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.43-1.20-0.3148-0.49+1.08
2020 R04SilverstoneAlfa Romeo Racing2+0.38-0.88-0.0619+0.82+0.40
2020 R05SilverstoneAlfa Romeo Racing2-0.31-1.01-0.2934-0.23-0.49
2020 R06BarcelonaAlfa Romeo Racing20.00-0.57+0.2221-0.59-0.80
2020 R07Spa-FrancorchampsAlfa Romeo Racing1-0.19-1.08+0.278-2.340.00
2020 R08MonzaAlfa Romeo Racing2-0.30-0.74+0.2524-0.35-1.84
2020 R09MugelloAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.45-0.78+0.1336-0.81+0.39
2020 R10SochiAlfa Romeo Racing1-0.28-0.90+0.0434-0.22+0.16
2020 R11NürburgringAlfa Romeo Racing2-0.13-0.89-0.116-0.13—
2020 R12PortimãoAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.04-1.010.0024-0.91-0.89
2020 R13ImolaAlfa Romeo Racing2-0.81-0.51+0.0833-0.06-0.86
2020 R15SakhirAlfa Romeo Racing2-0.31-0.76-0.2312-0.54+0.12
2020 R16SakhirAlfa Romeo Racing3+0.11-1.25-0.3845-0.22-0.14
2020 R17Yas IslandAlfa Romeo Racing1-0.49-0.63-0.4237-0.24+1.52
2021 R01SakhirAlfa Romeo Racing1-0.05-0.86+0.0234-0.80+2.21
2021 R02ImolaAlfa Romeo Racing2-0.07-0.80-0.3224-0.31+0.61
2021 R03PortimãoAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.09-0.47-0.13———
2021 R04BarcelonaAlfa Romeo Racing2-0.83-0.97-0.1136-0.49+0.59
2021 R05Monte CarloAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.17-0.15-0.1170-0.43-0.19
2021 R06BakuAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.160.00-0.4622-1.33+0.66
2021 R07Le CastelletAlfa Romeo Racing1-0.23-1.210.0029-0.77-0.31
2021 R08SpielbergAlfa Romeo Racing2+0.32-0.90-0.4224-0.57+0.07
2021 R09SpielbergAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.27-0.38-0.3436-0.59+0.48
2021 R10SilverstoneAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.06-0.14-0.3336+0.04+0.10
2021 R11BudapestAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.26-0.83-0.1645-0.29+0.31
2021 R15SochiAlfa Romeo Racing————17+0.57-0.11
2021 R16IstanbulAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.82-1.67-0.17———
2021 R17AustinAlfa Romeo Racing————25-1.80-1.70
2021 R18Mexico CityAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.49-0.54-0.4359+0.90+0.77
2021 R19São PauloAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.44-0.81-0.4841-0.46-0.49
2021 R20LusailAlfa Romeo Racing3-0.21-1.08-0.1927+0.55+0.89
2021 R21JeddahAlfa Romeo Racing3+0.03-0.37+0.2316-3.00-1.77
2021 R22Yas IslandAlfa Romeo Racing1+0.22-0.97-0.33120.00+1.06

HOW THIS IS CALCULATED

The definitions behind every number on this page. The full specification lives with the pipeline code (backend/pipeline/signature/SPEC.md).

REGULATION ERAS

An era is a period under one set of technical rules. When the rules change, every car brakes, turns and wears its tyres differently, so a driver's style relative to the field can shift too. Signatures are therefore computed separately for each era, and the driver page shows the most recent era with at least one scored axis. These eras are defined by the car rules, separate from the storytelling eras elsewhere on the site.

ERAWHAT DEFINES ITDATA IN THIS DATASET
LATE HYBRID
2018–2021
THIS PAGE
1.6-litre V6 turbo hybrid power units, used since 2014, in the wider, higher-downforce cars on wider tyres introduced in 2017.
The era starts in 2018, the first season of the official timing archive, although its car rules date from 2017.
2018–2021
30 drivers scored
GROUND EFFECT
2022–2025
Most downforce comes from two Venturi tunnels under the floor, with simplified wings and 18-inch low-profile tyres, so that cars can follow each other more closely.
2022–2025
31 drivers scored
ACTIVE AERO
2026 onwards
Front and rear wings switch between a corner mode and a low-drag straight mode, replacing DRS. Cars are shorter, narrower and lighter (768 kg), the floor tunnels are gone, and power is split roughly half and half between combustion and electric, with the MGU-H removed and fully sustainable fuel.
Energy recovery is a bigger part of each lap: drivers lift off before braking to recharge and cars harvest at full throttle at the end of straights. Throttle and braking traces reflect energy management as well as driving style.
2026
22 drivers scored

THE FIELD

Every measurement is a difference from the other cars in the same session. Comparing within a session cancels out the track, the weather, the tyre generation and the overall speed of that year's cars, which is what makes different weekends comparable. For each corner, or each race, the driver's value has the field median subtracted and is divided by the field's spread (a robust z-score, capped at ±3). A value of +1 means one typical field spread better than the median driver.

FROM LAPS TO A SCORE

  1. Pick the laps. Qualifying: up to 3 push laps per driver, within 1% of their own best and 107% of the fastest lap, on dry tyres, not deleted for track limits and not run under red or yellow flags. Race: clean laps only, meaning not lap 1, no pit laps, no safety car, virtual safety car, red or yellow flag, dry tyres, at least 1.5 s behind the car ahead, and within 107% of the driver's stint median.
  2. Measure.Corners are the slowest points of the session's fastest lap (dips of at least 25km/h). Every lap is mapped onto that lap's line, so all drivers' brake points and apexes share one distance scale. Full throttle means 98% pedal or more, and a lift is a drop of 10points. In the race, each stint's lap times are corrected for fuel (0.055 s per lap of fuel still on board) and fitted against tyre age: the slope is degradation (at least 8 clean laps), and the scatter around the line is consistency (at least 6).
  3. Compare with the field. Each corner needs at least 8 field laps; tyre degradation is compared on the same compound when at least 4 stints used it.
  4. Combine over the era. A weighted average of the session values. An axis is only scored with at least 5 qualifying sessions and 150 lap-corners, or 5 races and 8 stints; otherwise it stays empty rather than guessed.
  5. Rank.The 0–100 score is the driver-era's percentile among every driver-era in the dataset, so 50 is typical.
  6. Confidence.The driver's sessions are resampled 400 times and re-ranked. The 90% range runs from the 5th to the 95th percentile of those ranks, and confidence is 1 minus the average width of the ranges.

COMPARISON GROUPS

ERA AVG

The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

ALL-TIME

The average of every driver-era in the dataset. Scores are ranks among those same driver-eras, so it sits at 50 on every axis by construction.

CHAMPIONS

World champions in the eras they won their titles, from the final standings of completed seasons. In the dataset: Lewis Hamilton (2018, 2019, 2020), Max Verstappen (2021, 2022, 2023, 2024), Lando Norris (2025).

TEAMMATES

The driver's teammates in this era, weighted by sessions shared. Same car, so this is the fairest comparison.

AXES

AXISMEASURESHIGHER MEANSDATA
STEERING SMOOTHNESSHow smoothly the driver steers through each corner.Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO
ENTRY AGGRESSIONSpeed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
TYRE MANAGEMENTHow fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT
THROTTLE APPLICATIONDistance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
BRAKINGWhere the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
CONSISTENCYHow much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

DATA AND COVERAGE

Source: Official F1 live-timing feed, read through TracingInsights' public FastF1 extraction (2018–2022) and the OpenF1 historical API (2023–2026). The feed gives car data (speed, throttle, brake on/off, gear) about 3.7 times a second, car positions, laps, tyre stints, gaps and race-control messages. It does not carry steering angle or brake pressure. 180 qualifying sessions and 186 races are scored.

SEASONWEEKENDSQUALIFYINGRACESNOT SCORED
20182120/2120/21
Australian qualifying: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
Australian race: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
20192121/2121/21—
20201715/1717/17
Styrian qualifying: wet
Turkish qualifying: wet
20212220/2222/22
Belgian qualifying: wet
Russian qualifying: mixed conditions, 6 drivers on dry tyres
20222220/2222/22
Canadian qualifying: wet
British qualifying: wet
20232221/2222/22
Dutch qualifying: mixed conditions, 9 drivers on dry tyres
20242422/2424/24
Belgian qualifying: wet
São Paulo qualifying: wet
20252422/2424/24
Azerbaijan qualifying: no lap data in the public feed
Las Vegas qualifying: wet
202619 (+4 still to run)19/1919/19—

KNOWN LIMITATIONS

  • The field includes faster and slower cars, so a driver in a quick car scores higher on car-sensitive measures such as minimum corner speed. The teammate comparison is where the car is held constant.
  • The braking point is not adjusted for approach speed: a driver who exits the previous corner faster arrives quicker and has to brake earlier. Braking describes style more than pace.
  • Tyre management cannot tell tyre wear apart from a driver deliberately controlling pace, so its ranges are wide.
  • From 2026, throttle and braking traces also reflect energy recovery (lifting before braking, harvesting at full throttle), not only driving style.
  • Steering smoothness needs steering angle, which no public feed carries. It is never estimated and will come from onboard video, along with seasons before 2018.

PIPELINE TIMING-0.1.0 · GENERATED 2026-11-02 · OFFICIAL F1 LIVE-TIMING FEED, READ THROUGH TRACINGINSIGHTS' PUBLIC FASTF1 EXTRACTION (2018–2022) AND THE OPENF1 HISTORICAL API (2023–2026)