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DRIVING SIGNATURE · FULL METRICS

Sebastian Vettel

Late hybrid era (2018–2021) · data from 2018–2021 · Ferrari, Aston Martin

LATE HYBRID · 2018–2021GROUND EFFECT · 2022

LAPS USED

2,585

QUALIFYING

75

RACES

75

AXES SCORED

5/6

CONFIDENCE

0.75

How this is calculated — the era, the field, the comparison groups and every threshold.

OVERVIEW

Each axis is a 0–100 rank among every driver-era in the dataset, built from differences to the same-session field. The 90% range is where nine in ten resampled scores land. Rank is within the late hybrid field.

STEERINGSMOOTHNESSPENDINGENTRY AGGRESSIONTYRE MANAGEMENTTHROTTLE APPLICATIONBRAKINGCONSISTENCY

DASHED: ERA AVG — The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

AXISSCORE90% RANGERANKERA AVGALL-TIMECHAMPIONSTEAMMATES
STEERINGPENDING——————
ENTRY6657–739/3047509239
TYRE MGMT207–5723/3053505128
THROTTLE5446–6217/3050507639
BRAKING4332–4617/3049507839
CONSISTENCY8466–945/3049508159

AXIS BY AXIS

What each axis measures, where the driver sits among this era's drivers, the raw differences behind the score, and how it moved from weekend to weekend.

ENTRY AGGRESSION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Speed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.

66/ 100
RANK 9 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 57–73

Higher means: Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 77Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 40Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 99Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 65Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 81Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 33Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 25Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 98Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 46Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 73Robert Kubica (Williams): 1Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 44Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 6Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 59Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 27Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 2Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 13Lando Norris (McLaren): 67Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 49Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 45Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 24Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 90George Russell (Williams): 22Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 52Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 4Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 17Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 61Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 15Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 93Sebastian Vettel: 66

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

1.0 km/h more speed as the brake comes off.

0.6 km/h higher minimum corner speed.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2018201920202021
2018 Sakhir: +0.432018 Shanghai: +0.512018 Baku: -0.352018 Barcelona: +0.432018 Monte Carlo: +0.042018 Montréal: +0.112018 Le Castellet: +0.052018 Spielberg: +0.752018 Silverstone: -0.122018 Hockenheim: +0.322018 Budapest: +0.172018 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.412018 Monza: +0.862018 Singapore: +0.222018 Sochi: +0.642018 Suzuka: +0.232018 Austin: -0.212018 Mexico City: -0.392018 São Paulo: +0.152018 Yas Marina: +0.412019 Melbourne: +0.702019 Sakhir: +0.342019 Shanghai: +0.012019 Baku: +0.252019 Barcelona: -0.442019 Monte Carlo: -0.502019 Montréal: +0.522019 Le Castellet: -0.062019 Spielberg: +0.342019 Silverstone: +0.122019 Hockenheim: no usable session2019 Budapest: +0.072019 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.282019 Monza: +0.702019 Singapore: +0.652019 Sochi: +0.642019 Suzuka: +0.302019 Mexico City: -0.042019 Austin: -0.022019 São Paulo: 0.002019 Yas Island: +0.462020 Spielberg: +0.432020 Budapest: +0.272020 Silverstone: -0.152020 Silverstone: -0.362020 Barcelona: -0.372020 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.432020 Monza: -0.102020 Mugello: -0.092020 Sochi: -0.292020 Nürburgring: -0.122020 Portimão: +0.092020 Imola: -0.072020 Sakhir: +0.162020 Sakhir: -0.362020 Yas Island: -0.292021 Sakhir: -1.212021 Imola: -0.402021 Portimão: -0.022021 Barcelona: -0.092021 Monte Carlo: +0.202021 Baku: -0.382021 Le Castellet: -0.052021 Spielberg: +0.362021 Spielberg: +0.162021 Silverstone: +0.132021 Budapest: -0.102021 Zandvoort: -0.122021 Monza: +0.402021 Sochi: no usable session2021 Istanbul: -0.102021 Austin: -0.232021 Mexico City: -0.102021 São Paulo: +0.252021 Lusail: +0.402021 Jeddah: -0.642021 Yas Island: -0.16

75 SESSIONS · 1444 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

TYRE MANAGEMENT

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.

20/ 100
RANK 23 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 7–57

Higher means: Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 63Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 93Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 10Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 84Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 49Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 15Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 47Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 59Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 79Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 88Robert Kubica (Williams): 8Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 36Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 54Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 18Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 75Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 4Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 16Lando Norris (McLaren): 81Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 86Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 60Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 46Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 87George Russell (Williams): 64Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 74Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 9Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 26Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 98Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 91Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 38Sebastian Vettel: 20

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Loses 0.046 s per lap of tyre age after fuel correction, 0.006 s/lap more than the race median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2018201920202021
2018 Sakhir: +0.932018 Shanghai: -3.002018 Baku: -0.262018 Barcelona: +0.032018 Monte Carlo: +0.622018 Montréal: -1.162018 Le Castellet: -1.112018 Spielberg: +1.062018 Silverstone: -1.652018 Hockenheim: -1.222018 Budapest: +0.052018 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.722018 Monza: +0.732018 Singapore: -0.862018 Sochi: -0.012018 Suzuka: +0.722018 Austin: -0.392018 Mexico City: +1.002018 São Paulo: +1.372018 Yas Marina: -0.342019 Melbourne: -0.952019 Sakhir: +0.072019 Shanghai: +0.112019 Baku: -0.472019 Barcelona: +0.012019 Monte Carlo: -0.212019 Montréal: -0.802019 Le Castellet: -0.462019 Spielberg: -0.092019 Silverstone: +2.032019 Hockenheim: no usable session2019 Budapest: -0.842019 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.532019 Monza: -0.152019 Singapore: +0.322019 Sochi: -0.802019 Suzuka: -0.752019 Mexico City: -0.202019 Austin: no usable session2019 São Paulo: -0.882019 Yas Island: -0.192020 Spielberg: +0.722020 Budapest: +0.022020 Silverstone: -1.092020 Silverstone: no usable session2020 Barcelona: +0.012020 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.082020 Monza: no usable session2020 Mugello: +0.292020 Sochi: -1.262020 Nürburgring: -1.052020 Portimão: -0.722020 Imola: -0.052020 Sakhir: -1.992020 Sakhir: -0.342020 Yas Island: -1.902021 Sakhir: -1.442021 Imola: +3.002021 Portimão: -0.722021 Barcelona: -0.742021 Monte Carlo: +0.382021 Baku: +1.642021 Le Castellet: +0.782021 Spielberg: +0.042021 Spielberg: -0.312021 Silverstone: no usable session2021 Budapest: +0.042021 Zandvoort: -0.372021 Monza: no usable session2021 Sochi: +0.962021 Istanbul: no usable session2021 Austin: +0.222021 Mexico City: +0.362021 São Paulo: +1.062021 Lusail: +0.442021 Jeddah: -0.072021 Yas Island: +0.02

70 SESSIONS · 128 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

THROTTLE APPLICATION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Distance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.

54/ 100
RANK 17 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 46–62

Higher means: Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 39Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 76Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 75Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 61Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 87Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 22Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 66Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 60Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 73Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 56Robert Kubica (Williams): 2Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 97Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 18Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 30Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 27Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 1Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 4Lando Norris (McLaren): 45Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 9Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 64Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 36Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 67George Russell (Williams): 35Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 62Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 13Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 57Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 91Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 70Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 94Sebastian Vettel: 54

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Reaches full throttle 0.2 m closer to the apex than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2018201920202021
2018 Sakhir: +0.272018 Shanghai: +0.272018 Baku: -0.222018 Barcelona: +0.072018 Monte Carlo: +0.132018 Montréal: +0.372018 Le Castellet: +0.072018 Spielberg: +0.042018 Silverstone: -0.072018 Hockenheim: -0.142018 Budapest: +0.262018 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.232018 Monza: +0.262018 Singapore: -0.162018 Sochi: +0.142018 Suzuka: 0.002018 Austin: -0.192018 Mexico City: -0.232018 São Paulo: +0.112018 Yas Marina: -0.252019 Melbourne: +0.262019 Sakhir: -0.172019 Shanghai: +0.312019 Baku: -0.022019 Barcelona: +0.012019 Monte Carlo: -0.382019 Montréal: +0.282019 Le Castellet: -0.352019 Spielberg: +0.242019 Silverstone: -0.312019 Hockenheim: no usable session2019 Budapest: -0.162019 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.222019 Monza: +0.092019 Singapore: +0.032019 Sochi: -0.062019 Suzuka: -0.162019 Mexico City: -0.012019 Austin: +0.052019 São Paulo: +0.412019 Yas Island: -0.012020 Spielberg: +0.152020 Budapest: +0.102020 Silverstone: -0.092020 Silverstone: -0.152020 Barcelona: +0.072020 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.212020 Monza: +0.092020 Mugello: +0.212020 Sochi: -0.152020 Nürburgring: -0.232020 Portimão: -0.202020 Imola: +0.212020 Sakhir: +0.222020 Sakhir: +0.402020 Yas Island: -0.162021 Sakhir: +0.082021 Imola: +0.122021 Portimão: +0.162021 Barcelona: +0.062021 Monte Carlo: -0.262021 Baku: -0.072021 Le Castellet: -0.412021 Spielberg: +0.132021 Spielberg: +0.042021 Silverstone: +0.072021 Budapest: +0.102021 Zandvoort: +0.042021 Monza: +0.162021 Sochi: no usable session2021 Istanbul: -0.562021 Austin: +0.062021 Mexico City: +0.232021 São Paulo: -0.242021 Lusail: -0.062021 Jeddah: -0.152021 Yas Island: -0.02

75 SESSIONS · 1384 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

BRAKING

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Where the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.

43/ 100
RANK 17 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 32–46

Higher means: Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 38Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 60Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 86Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 55Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 90Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 29Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 61Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 97Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 99Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 46Robert Kubica (Williams): 14Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 70Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 15Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 59Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 10Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 1Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 2Lando Norris (McLaren): 88Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 24Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 31Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 33Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 73George Russell (Williams): 27Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 49Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 30Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 9Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 92Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 66Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 78Sebastian Vettel: 43

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Starts braking 2.9 m earlier than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2018201920202021
2018 Sakhir: -0.372018 Shanghai: +0.362018 Baku: +0.622018 Barcelona: -0.332018 Monte Carlo: -0.522018 Montréal: +0.142018 Le Castellet: +0.092018 Spielberg: -0.882018 Silverstone: -0.672018 Hockenheim: -0.492018 Budapest: -0.882018 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.012018 Monza: -0.082018 Singapore: +0.112018 Sochi: -0.182018 Suzuka: +0.232018 Austin: -0.072018 Mexico City: -0.372018 São Paulo: -0.042018 Yas Marina: 0.002019 Melbourne: +0.722019 Sakhir: +0.212019 Shanghai: -0.292019 Baku: +0.292019 Barcelona: -0.472019 Monte Carlo: -0.182019 Montréal: -0.242019 Le Castellet: -0.232019 Spielberg: -0.102019 Silverstone: +0.142019 Hockenheim: no usable session2019 Budapest: -0.452019 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.172019 Monza: -0.202019 Singapore: -0.042019 Sochi: -0.232019 Suzuka: -0.612019 Mexico City: -0.222019 Austin: +0.282019 São Paulo: -0.062019 Yas Island: -0.222020 Spielberg: +0.162020 Budapest: +0.252020 Silverstone: +0.012020 Silverstone: -0.442020 Barcelona: -0.092020 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.382020 Monza: -0.252020 Mugello: -0.292020 Sochi: -0.282020 Nürburgring: +0.322020 Portimão: +0.222020 Imola: -1.042020 Sakhir: +0.112020 Sakhir: +0.232020 Yas Island: -0.142021 Sakhir: -1.312021 Imola: -0.452021 Portimão: -0.402021 Barcelona: -0.272021 Monte Carlo: -0.402021 Baku: -0.592021 Le Castellet: -0.522021 Spielberg: -0.312021 Spielberg: +0.492021 Silverstone: -0.502021 Budapest: -0.252021 Zandvoort: -0.322021 Monza: +0.142021 Sochi: no usable session2021 Istanbul: +0.012021 Austin: -0.542021 Mexico City: -0.302021 São Paulo: +0.222021 Lusail: -0.052021 Jeddah: -0.592021 Yas Island: -0.12

75 SESSIONS · 1212 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

CONSISTENCY

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.

84/ 100
RANK 5 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 66–94

Higher means: Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 40Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 45Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 44Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 22Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 67Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 51Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 34Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 57Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 30Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 49Robert Kubica (Williams): 4Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 66Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 14Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 64Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 32Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 1Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 3Lando Norris (McLaren): 87Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 85Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 60Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 48Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 73George Russell (Williams): 17Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 86Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 7Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 63Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 58Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 80Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 95Sebastian Vettel: 84

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Lap times scatter 0.326 s around the stint trend, 0.002 s tighter than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2018201920202021
2018 Sakhir: +0.212018 Shanghai: -0.382018 Baku: -0.732018 Barcelona: -0.262018 Monte Carlo: -1.132018 Montréal: -0.162018 Le Castellet: -0.882018 Spielberg: -0.172018 Silverstone: +0.522018 Hockenheim: -0.282018 Budapest: -1.262018 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.822018 Monza: -0.332018 Singapore: +0.382018 Sochi: +0.382018 Suzuka: -0.532018 Austin: +0.362018 Mexico City: +0.442018 São Paulo: +0.612018 Yas Marina: +0.662019 Melbourne: -0.782019 Sakhir: +1.142019 Shanghai: -0.232019 Baku: +0.702019 Barcelona: +0.412019 Monte Carlo: +1.242019 Montréal: +0.652019 Le Castellet: +0.702019 Spielberg: +1.522019 Silverstone: -1.032019 Hockenheim: no usable session2019 Budapest: -0.592019 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.542019 Monza: -1.322019 Singapore: -0.012019 Sochi: -1.132019 Suzuka: +0.302019 Mexico City: +0.212019 Austin: no usable session2019 São Paulo: +0.052019 Yas Island: -0.182020 Spielberg: +0.072020 Budapest: +0.142020 Silverstone: -3.002020 Silverstone: no usable session2020 Barcelona: -0.882020 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.842020 Monza: no usable session2020 Mugello: +0.992020 Sochi: -2.082020 Nürburgring: -2.712020 Portimão: +0.182020 Imola: +0.672020 Sakhir: -0.812020 Sakhir: +0.082020 Yas Island: -0.732021 Sakhir: -2.002021 Imola: +0.642021 Portimão: -0.662021 Barcelona: +0.502021 Monte Carlo: +0.592021 Baku: -0.432021 Le Castellet: -0.042021 Spielberg: +0.492021 Spielberg: +1.292021 Silverstone: +0.842021 Budapest: +0.922021 Zandvoort: -0.812021 Monza: no usable session2021 Sochi: -0.602021 Istanbul: no usable session2021 Austin: +0.672021 Mexico City: +0.602021 São Paulo: +0.492021 Lusail: +0.362021 Jeddah: +0.482021 Yas Island: +1.57

71 SESSIONS · 137 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

STEERING SMOOTHNESS

NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO

How smoothly the driver steers through each corner.

PENDING

Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.

TEAMMATES

Same car, same sessions. Each cell is the average difference over the sessions they shared, in field-spread units: +0.30 means 0.3 of a typical field spread better on that axis. Qualifying H2H is the share of shared qualifying sessions where Vettel's best lap was faster.

TEAMMATESHAREDQUALI H2HENTRYTYRE MGMTTHROTTLEBRAKINGCONSISTENCY
Charles Leclerc67
35 Q · 32 R
31%-0.08+0.02+0.12-0.19-0.07
Kimi Räikkönen38
20 Q · 18 R
85%+0.11+0.32-0.04+0.04+0.06
Lance Stroll36
17 Q · 19 R
59%+0.38+0.24-0.18+0.21+0.46

SESSION LOG

Every weekend in this era. Values are the difference from that session's field in field-spread units, green better and red worse. A dash means the session was skipped (wet, or no data) or the driver had no usable laps.

WEEKENDCIRCUITTEAMQ LAPSBRAKINGENTRYTHROTTLERACE LAPSCONSISTENCYTYRE MGMT
2018 R02SakhirFerrari3-0.37+0.43+0.2744+0.21+0.93
2018 R03ShanghaiFerrari2+0.36+0.51+0.2733-0.38-3.00
2018 R04BakuFerrari1+0.62-0.35-0.2227-0.73-0.26
2018 R05BarcelonaFerrari3-0.33+0.43+0.0750-0.26+0.03
2018 R06Monte CarloFerrari3-0.52+0.04+0.1338-1.13+0.62
2018 R07MontréalFerrari2+0.14+0.11+0.3763-0.16-1.16
2018 R08Le CastelletFerrari3+0.09+0.05+0.0729-0.88-1.11
2018 R09SpielbergFerrari2-0.88+0.75+0.0448-0.17+1.06
2018 R10SilverstoneFerrari3-0.67-0.12-0.0725+0.52-1.65
2018 R11HockenheimFerrari2-0.49+0.32-0.1433-0.28-1.22
2018 R12BudapestFerrari1-0.88+0.17+0.2642-1.26+0.05
2018 R13Spa-FrancorchampsFerrari2-0.01+0.41-0.2338+0.82-0.72
2018 R14MonzaFerrari3-0.08+0.86+0.2628-0.33+0.73
2018 R15SingaporeFerrari2+0.11+0.22-0.1645+0.38-0.86
2018 R16SochiFerrari2-0.18+0.64+0.1436+0.38-0.01
2018 R17SuzukaFerrari2+0.23+0.230.0019-0.53+0.72
2018 R18AustinFerrari3-0.07-0.21-0.1934+0.36-0.39
2018 R19Mexico CityFerrari3-0.37-0.39-0.2343+0.44+1.00
2018 R20São PauloFerrari3-0.04+0.15+0.1132+0.61+1.37
2018 R21Yas MarinaFerrari20.00+0.41-0.2537+0.66-0.34
2019 R01MelbourneFerrari3+0.72+0.70+0.2649-0.78-0.95
2019 R02SakhirFerrari3+0.21+0.34-0.1733+1.14+0.07
2019 R03ShanghaiFerrari3-0.29+0.01+0.3141-0.23+0.11
2019 R04BakuFerrari2+0.29+0.25-0.0241+0.70-0.47
2019 R05BarcelonaFerrari3-0.47-0.44+0.0134+0.41+0.01
2019 R06Monte CarloFerrari3-0.18-0.50-0.3824+1.24-0.21
2019 R07MontréalFerrari1-0.24+0.52+0.2858+0.65-0.80
2019 R08Le CastelletFerrari3-0.23-0.06-0.3537+0.70-0.46
2019 R09SpielbergFerrari1-0.10+0.34+0.2456+1.52-0.09
2019 R10SilverstoneFerrari3+0.14+0.12-0.3127-1.03+2.03
2019 R11HockenheimFerrari————0——
2019 R12BudapestFerrari2-0.45+0.07-0.1659-0.59-0.84
2019 R13Spa-FrancorchampsFerrari3-0.17+0.28+0.2235-0.54-0.53
2019 R14MonzaFerrari1-0.20+0.70+0.0926-1.32-0.15
2019 R15SingaporeFerrari3-0.04+0.65+0.0322-0.01+0.32
2019 R16SochiFerrari3-0.23+0.64-0.0621-1.13-0.80
2019 R17SuzukaFerrari2-0.61+0.30-0.1645+0.30-0.75
2019 R18Mexico CityFerrari3-0.22-0.04-0.0157+0.21-0.20
2019 R19AustinFerrari3+0.28-0.02+0.05———
2019 R20São PauloFerrari3-0.060.00+0.4139+0.05-0.88
2019 R21Yas IslandFerrari3-0.22+0.46-0.0142-0.18-0.19
2020 R01SpielbergFerrari3+0.16+0.43+0.158+0.07+0.72
2020 R03BudapestFerrari3+0.25+0.27+0.1047+0.14+0.02
2020 R04SilverstoneFerrari3+0.01-0.15-0.0917-3.00-1.09
2020 R05SilverstoneFerrari3-0.44-0.36-0.150——
2020 R06BarcelonaFerrari3-0.09-0.37+0.0750-0.88+0.01
2020 R07Spa-FrancorchampsFerrari2-0.38-0.43+0.2117+0.84+0.08
2020 R08MonzaFerrari1-0.25-0.10+0.090——
2020 R09MugelloFerrari3-0.29-0.09+0.2132+0.99+0.29
2020 R10SochiFerrari2-0.28-0.29-0.1529-2.08-1.26
2020 R11NürburgringFerrari2+0.32-0.12-0.2316-2.71-1.05
2020 R12PortimãoFerrari3+0.22+0.09-0.2033+0.18-0.72
2020 R13ImolaFerrari3-1.04-0.07+0.2126+0.67-0.05
2020 R15SakhirFerrari3+0.11+0.16+0.2211-0.81-1.99
2020 R16SakhirFerrari3+0.23-0.36+0.4044+0.08-0.34
2020 R17Yas IslandFerrari3-0.14-0.29-0.1634-0.73-1.90
2021 R01SakhirAston Martin1-1.31-1.21+0.0837-2.00-1.44
2021 R02ImolaAston Martin3-0.45-0.40+0.1216+0.64+3.00
2021 R03PortimãoAston Martin3-0.40-0.02+0.1635-0.66-0.72
2021 R04BarcelonaAston Martin3-0.27-0.09+0.0611+0.50-0.74
2021 R05Monte CarloAston Martin3-0.40+0.20-0.2675+0.59+0.38
2021 R06BakuAston Martin2-0.59-0.38-0.0721-0.43+1.64
2021 R07Le CastelletAston Martin2-0.52-0.05-0.4134-0.04+0.78
2021 R08SpielbergAston Martin3-0.31+0.36+0.1334+0.49+0.04
2021 R09SpielbergAston Martin3+0.49+0.16+0.0433+1.29-0.31
2021 R10SilverstoneAston Martin3-0.50+0.13+0.076+0.84—
2021 R11BudapestAston Martin3-0.25-0.10+0.1012+0.92+0.04
2021 R13ZandvoortAston Martin1-0.32-0.12+0.0427-0.81-0.37
2021 R14MonzaAston Martin3+0.14+0.40+0.160——
2021 R15SochiAston Martin————14-0.60+0.96
2021 R16IstanbulAston Martin3+0.01-0.10-0.56———
2021 R17AustinAston Martin3-0.54-0.23+0.0633+0.67+0.22
2021 R18Mexico CityAston Martin2-0.30-0.10+0.2353+0.60+0.36
2021 R19São PauloAston Martin3+0.22+0.25-0.2443+0.49+1.06
2021 R20LusailAston Martin2-0.05+0.40-0.0630+0.36+0.44
2021 R21JeddahAston Martin3-0.59-0.64-0.1512+0.48-0.07
2021 R22Yas IslandAston Martin3-0.12-0.16-0.0215+1.57+0.02

HOW THIS IS CALCULATED

The definitions behind every number on this page. The full specification lives with the pipeline code (backend/pipeline/signature/SPEC.md).

REGULATION ERAS

An era is a period under one set of technical rules. When the rules change, every car brakes, turns and wears its tyres differently, so a driver's style relative to the field can shift too. Signatures are therefore computed separately for each era, and the driver page shows the most recent era with at least one scored axis. These eras are defined by the car rules, separate from the storytelling eras elsewhere on the site.

ERAWHAT DEFINES ITDATA IN THIS DATASET
LATE HYBRID
2018–2021
THIS PAGE
1.6-litre V6 turbo hybrid power units, used since 2014, in the wider, higher-downforce cars on wider tyres introduced in 2017.
The era starts in 2018, the first season of the official timing archive, although its car rules date from 2017.
2018–2021
30 drivers scored
GROUND EFFECT
2022–2025
Most downforce comes from two Venturi tunnels under the floor, with simplified wings and 18-inch low-profile tyres, so that cars can follow each other more closely.
2022–2025
31 drivers scored
ACTIVE AERO
2026 onwards
Front and rear wings switch between a corner mode and a low-drag straight mode, replacing DRS. Cars are shorter, narrower and lighter (768 kg), the floor tunnels are gone, and power is split roughly half and half between combustion and electric, with the MGU-H removed and fully sustainable fuel.
Energy recovery is a bigger part of each lap: drivers lift off before braking to recharge and cars harvest at full throttle at the end of straights. Throttle and braking traces reflect energy management as well as driving style.
2026
22 drivers scored

THE FIELD

Every measurement is a difference from the other cars in the same session. Comparing within a session cancels out the track, the weather, the tyre generation and the overall speed of that year's cars, which is what makes different weekends comparable. For each corner, or each race, the driver's value has the field median subtracted and is divided by the field's spread (a robust z-score, capped at ±3). A value of +1 means one typical field spread better than the median driver.

FROM LAPS TO A SCORE

  1. Pick the laps. Qualifying: up to 3 push laps per driver, within 1% of their own best and 107% of the fastest lap, on dry tyres, not deleted for track limits and not run under red or yellow flags. Race: clean laps only, meaning not lap 1, no pit laps, no safety car, virtual safety car, red or yellow flag, dry tyres, at least 1.5 s behind the car ahead, and within 107% of the driver's stint median.
  2. Measure.Corners are the slowest points of the session's fastest lap (dips of at least 25km/h). Every lap is mapped onto that lap's line, so all drivers' brake points and apexes share one distance scale. Full throttle means 98% pedal or more, and a lift is a drop of 10points. In the race, each stint's lap times are corrected for fuel (0.055 s per lap of fuel still on board) and fitted against tyre age: the slope is degradation (at least 8 clean laps), and the scatter around the line is consistency (at least 6).
  3. Compare with the field. Each corner needs at least 8 field laps; tyre degradation is compared on the same compound when at least 4 stints used it.
  4. Combine over the era. A weighted average of the session values. An axis is only scored with at least 5 qualifying sessions and 150 lap-corners, or 5 races and 8 stints; otherwise it stays empty rather than guessed.
  5. Rank.The 0–100 score is the driver-era's percentile among every driver-era in the dataset, so 50 is typical.
  6. Confidence.The driver's sessions are resampled 400 times and re-ranked. The 90% range runs from the 5th to the 95th percentile of those ranks, and confidence is 1 minus the average width of the ranges.

COMPARISON GROUPS

ERA AVG

The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

ALL-TIME

The average of every driver-era in the dataset. Scores are ranks among those same driver-eras, so it sits at 50 on every axis by construction.

CHAMPIONS

World champions in the eras they won their titles, from the final standings of completed seasons. In the dataset: Lewis Hamilton (2018, 2019, 2020), Max Verstappen (2021, 2022, 2023, 2024), Lando Norris (2025).

TEAMMATES

The driver's teammates in this era, weighted by sessions shared. Same car, so this is the fairest comparison.

AXES

AXISMEASURESHIGHER MEANSDATA
STEERING SMOOTHNESSHow smoothly the driver steers through each corner.Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO
ENTRY AGGRESSIONSpeed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
TYRE MANAGEMENTHow fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT
THROTTLE APPLICATIONDistance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
BRAKINGWhere the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
CONSISTENCYHow much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

DATA AND COVERAGE

Source: Official F1 live-timing feed, read through TracingInsights' public FastF1 extraction (2018–2022) and the OpenF1 historical API (2023–2026). The feed gives car data (speed, throttle, brake on/off, gear) about 3.7 times a second, car positions, laps, tyre stints, gaps and race-control messages. It does not carry steering angle or brake pressure. 180 qualifying sessions and 186 races are scored.

SEASONWEEKENDSQUALIFYINGRACESNOT SCORED
20182120/2120/21
Australian qualifying: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
Australian race: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
20192121/2121/21—
20201715/1717/17
Styrian qualifying: wet
Turkish qualifying: wet
20212220/2222/22
Belgian qualifying: wet
Russian qualifying: mixed conditions, 6 drivers on dry tyres
20222220/2222/22
Canadian qualifying: wet
British qualifying: wet
20232221/2222/22
Dutch qualifying: mixed conditions, 9 drivers on dry tyres
20242422/2424/24
Belgian qualifying: wet
São Paulo qualifying: wet
20252422/2424/24
Azerbaijan qualifying: no lap data in the public feed
Las Vegas qualifying: wet
202619 (+4 still to run)19/1919/19—

KNOWN LIMITATIONS

  • The field includes faster and slower cars, so a driver in a quick car scores higher on car-sensitive measures such as minimum corner speed. The teammate comparison is where the car is held constant.
  • The braking point is not adjusted for approach speed: a driver who exits the previous corner faster arrives quicker and has to brake earlier. Braking describes style more than pace.
  • Tyre management cannot tell tyre wear apart from a driver deliberately controlling pace, so its ranges are wide.
  • From 2026, throttle and braking traces also reflect energy recovery (lifting before braking, harvesting at full throttle), not only driving style.
  • Steering smoothness needs steering angle, which no public feed carries. It is never estimated and will come from onboard video, along with seasons before 2018.

PIPELINE TIMING-0.1.0 · GENERATED 2026-11-02 · OFFICIAL F1 LIVE-TIMING FEED, READ THROUGH TRACINGINSIGHTS' PUBLIC FASTF1 EXTRACTION (2018–2022) AND THE OPENF1 HISTORICAL API (2023–2026)