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DRIVING SIGNATURE · FULL METRICS

Charles Leclerc

Late hybrid era (2018–2021) · data from 2018–2021 · Ferrari, Sauber

LATE HYBRID · 2018–2021GROUND EFFECT · 2022–2025ACTIVE AERO · 2026

LAPS USED

2,602

QUALIFYING

76

RACES

69

AXES SCORED

5/6

CONFIDENCE

0.69

How this is calculated — the era, the field, the comparison groups and every threshold.

OVERVIEW

Each axis is a 0–100 rank among every driver-era in the dataset, built from differences to the same-session field. The 90% range is where nine in ten resampled scores land. Rank is within the late hybrid field.

STEERINGSMOOTHNESSPENDINGENTRY AGGRESSIONTYRE MANAGEMENTTHROTTLE APPLICATIONBRAKINGCONSISTENCY

DASHED: ERA AVG — The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

AXISSCORE90% RANGERANKERA AVGALL-TIMECHAMPIONSTEAMMATES
STEERINGPENDING——————
ENTRY5949–7312/3047509262
TYRE MGMT187–5624/3053505151
THROTTLE3023–3622/3050507658
BRAKING5953–7713/3049507848
CONSISTENCY6434–8110/3049508168

AXIS BY AXIS

What each axis measures, where the driver sits among this era's drivers, the raw differences behind the score, and how it moved from weekend to weekend.

ENTRY AGGRESSION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Speed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.

59/ 100
RANK 12 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 49–73

Higher means: Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 77Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 40Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 99Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 65Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 81Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 33Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 25Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 98Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 46Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 73Robert Kubica (Williams): 1Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 44Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 6Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 27Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 2Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 13Lando Norris (McLaren): 67Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 49Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 45Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 24Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 90George Russell (Williams): 22Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 52Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 4Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 17Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 61Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 15Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 93Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 66Charles Leclerc: 59

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

0.1 km/h more speed as the brake comes off.

0.7 km/h higher minimum corner speed.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2018201920202021
2018 Sakhir: -0.752018 Shanghai: -0.182018 Baku: -0.272018 Barcelona: -0.372018 Monte Carlo: -0.582018 Montréal: -0.172018 Le Castellet: -0.092018 Spielberg: -0.472018 Silverstone: -0.182018 Hockenheim: -0.212018 Budapest: -0.812018 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.162018 Monza: -0.312018 Singapore: -0.332018 Sochi: -0.012018 Suzuka: -0.062018 Austin: +0.272018 Mexico City: +0.042018 São Paulo: -0.432018 Yas Marina: -0.722019 Melbourne: +0.402019 Sakhir: +0.282019 Shanghai: +0.102019 Baku: -0.512019 Barcelona: +0.202019 Monte Carlo: -0.772019 Montréal: -0.272019 Le Castellet: +0.462019 Spielberg: +0.172019 Silverstone: +0.302019 Hockenheim: -0.072019 Budapest: +0.462019 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.462019 Monza: -0.132019 Singapore: +0.382019 Sochi: +1.012019 Suzuka: +0.862019 Mexico City: +0.382019 Austin: +0.372019 São Paulo: +0.442019 Yas Island: +0.112020 Spielberg: +0.142020 Budapest: +0.212020 Silverstone: -0.052020 Silverstone: -0.052020 Barcelona: +0.072020 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.222020 Monza: -0.602020 Mugello: +0.262020 Sochi: -0.012020 Nürburgring: +0.452020 Portimão: +0.532020 Imola: +0.552020 Sakhir: -0.052020 Sakhir: -0.642020 Yas Island: +0.162021 Sakhir: +0.192021 Imola: +0.252021 Portimão: -0.292021 Barcelona: +0.052021 Monte Carlo: +0.372021 Baku: +0.362021 Le Castellet: -0.132021 Spielberg: +0.282021 Spielberg: -0.262021 Silverstone: +0.402021 Budapest: +0.352021 Zandvoort: +0.642021 Monza: +0.472021 Sochi: no usable session2021 Istanbul: +0.022021 Austin: +0.542021 Mexico City: -0.082021 São Paulo: +0.602021 Lusail: -0.352021 Jeddah: -0.122021 Yas Island: +0.40

76 SESSIONS · 1619 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

TYRE MANAGEMENT

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.

18/ 100
RANK 24 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 7–56

Higher means: Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 63Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 93Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 10Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 84Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 49Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 15Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 47Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 59Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 79Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 88Robert Kubica (Williams): 8Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 36Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 54Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 75Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 4Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 16Lando Norris (McLaren): 81Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 86Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 60Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 46Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 87George Russell (Williams): 64Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 74Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 9Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 26Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 98Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 91Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 38Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 20Charles Leclerc: 18

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Loses 0.055 s per lap of tyre age after fuel correction, 0.016 s/lap more than the race median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2018201920202021
2018 Sakhir: +0.332018 Shanghai: -0.452018 Baku: -2.472018 Barcelona: -1.182018 Monte Carlo: no usable session2018 Montréal: -0.012018 Le Castellet: +0.082018 Spielberg: -0.132018 Silverstone: no usable session2018 Hockenheim: +0.812018 Budapest: no usable session2018 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2018 Monza: +0.972018 Singapore: +0.572018 Sochi: -0.262018 Suzuka: no usable session2018 Austin: -0.682018 Mexico City: +1.522018 São Paulo: +0.322018 Yas Marina: +0.842019 Melbourne: +0.042019 Sakhir: -1.222019 Shanghai: -0.552019 Baku: +1.062019 Barcelona: -1.052019 Monte Carlo: no usable session2019 Montréal: +0.302019 Le Castellet: -0.092019 Spielberg: +0.132019 Silverstone: +0.042019 Hockenheim: no usable session2019 Budapest: -0.492019 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.282019 Monza: +0.572019 Singapore: +0.122019 Sochi: -0.142019 Suzuka: +0.262019 Mexico City: -0.342019 Austin: -0.412019 São Paulo: -1.782019 Yas Island: -2.082020 Spielberg: -0.192020 Budapest: -0.192020 Silverstone: +0.032020 Silverstone: -0.892020 Barcelona: -0.232020 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.822020 Monza: -0.862020 Mugello: +0.352020 Sochi: -0.382020 Nürburgring: -0.362020 Portimão: -1.322020 Imola: +0.402020 Sakhir: -1.392020 Sakhir: no usable session2020 Yas Island: -2.432021 Sakhir: -0.062021 Imola: +0.442021 Portimão: +0.352021 Barcelona: +0.392021 Monte Carlo: no usable session2021 Baku: +0.562021 Le Castellet: -1.462021 Spielberg: -0.412021 Spielberg: no usable session2021 Silverstone: -1.062021 Budapest: no usable session2021 Zandvoort: -0.412021 Monza: -0.302021 Sochi: -0.432021 Istanbul: no usable session2021 Austin: -0.212021 Mexico City: +0.252021 São Paulo: +0.032021 Lusail: +1.262021 Jeddah: +1.662021 Yas Island: -0.47

65 SESSIONS · 122 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

THROTTLE APPLICATION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Distance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.

30/ 100
RANK 22 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 23–36

Higher means: Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 39Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 76Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 75Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 61Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 87Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 22Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 66Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 60Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 73Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 56Robert Kubica (Williams): 2Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 97Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 18Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 27Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 1Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 4Lando Norris (McLaren): 45Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 9Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 64Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 36Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 67George Russell (Williams): 35Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 62Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 13Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 57Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 91Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 70Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 94Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 54Charles Leclerc: 30

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Reaches full throttle 2.8 m further from the apex than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2018201920202021
2018 Sakhir: -0.622018 Shanghai: -0.172018 Baku: +0.202018 Barcelona: -0.462018 Monte Carlo: +0.182018 Montréal: -0.182018 Le Castellet: -0.202018 Spielberg: -0.132018 Silverstone: -0.512018 Hockenheim: -0.772018 Budapest: -0.222018 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.382018 Monza: -0.142018 Singapore: -0.422018 Sochi: -0.192018 Suzuka: -0.802018 Austin: -0.632018 Mexico City: -0.272018 São Paulo: -0.682018 Yas Marina: -0.482019 Melbourne: +0.072019 Sakhir: -0.162019 Shanghai: -0.152019 Baku: -0.322019 Barcelona: 0.002019 Monte Carlo: -0.352019 Montréal: +0.182019 Le Castellet: -0.022019 Spielberg: -0.082019 Silverstone: +0.012019 Hockenheim: -0.312019 Budapest: -0.372019 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.222019 Monza: -0.182019 Singapore: -0.092019 Sochi: +0.172019 Suzuka: -0.132019 Mexico City: -0.362019 Austin: -0.452019 São Paulo: -0.192019 Yas Island: -0.242020 Spielberg: +0.262020 Budapest: -0.182020 Silverstone: 0.002020 Silverstone: +0.262020 Barcelona: -0.132020 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.082020 Monza: -0.232020 Mugello: -0.092020 Sochi: -0.242020 Nürburgring: -0.192020 Portimão: +0.292020 Imola: -0.062020 Sakhir: -0.162020 Sakhir: +0.602020 Yas Island: -0.252021 Sakhir: +0.292021 Imola: +0.172021 Portimão: +0.172021 Barcelona: +0.242021 Monte Carlo: -0.122021 Baku: +0.122021 Le Castellet: +0.252021 Spielberg: +0.172021 Spielberg: -0.072021 Silverstone: +0.142021 Budapest: -0.202021 Zandvoort: -0.132021 Monza: +0.482021 Sochi: no usable session2021 Istanbul: +0.512021 Austin: -0.062021 Mexico City: -0.392021 São Paulo: -0.372021 Lusail: -0.072021 Jeddah: -0.292021 Yas Island: +0.25

76 SESSIONS · 1545 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

BRAKING

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Where the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.

59/ 100
RANK 13 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 53–77

Higher means: Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 38Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 60Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 86Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 55Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 90Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 29Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 61Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 97Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 99Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 46Robert Kubica (Williams): 14Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 70Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 15Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 10Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 1Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 2Lando Norris (McLaren): 88Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 24Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 31Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 33Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 73George Russell (Williams): 27Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 49Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 30Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 9Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 92Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 66Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 78Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 43Charles Leclerc: 59

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Starts braking 0.9 m later than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2018201920202021
2018 Sakhir: -1.032018 Shanghai: +0.282018 Baku: +0.322018 Barcelona: -0.252018 Monte Carlo: -0.072018 Montréal: +0.222018 Le Castellet: +0.392018 Spielberg: -0.072018 Silverstone: +0.202018 Hockenheim: -0.362018 Budapest: -0.382018 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.312018 Monza: +0.472018 Singapore: -0.562018 Sochi: -0.182018 Suzuka: -0.152018 Austin: -0.152018 Mexico City: +0.222018 São Paulo: -0.162018 Yas Marina: -0.582019 Melbourne: +0.352019 Sakhir: +0.552019 Shanghai: -0.092019 Baku: +0.222019 Barcelona: -0.432019 Monte Carlo: -0.142019 Montréal: -0.122019 Le Castellet: +0.202019 Spielberg: -0.322019 Silverstone: +0.052019 Hockenheim: -0.212019 Budapest: -0.542019 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.312019 Monza: -0.432019 Singapore: -0.262019 Sochi: +0.262019 Suzuka: -0.022019 Mexico City: +0.102019 Austin: +0.422019 São Paulo: -0.032019 Yas Island: +0.242020 Spielberg: +0.082020 Budapest: +0.372020 Silverstone: -0.162020 Silverstone: +0.282020 Barcelona: +0.712020 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.332020 Monza: -0.362020 Mugello: +0.742020 Sochi: +0.192020 Nürburgring: +0.102020 Portimão: +0.392020 Imola: +0.392020 Sakhir: +0.132020 Sakhir: +0.302020 Yas Island: +0.372021 Sakhir: +0.362021 Imola: +0.542021 Portimão: +0.012021 Barcelona: +0.242021 Monte Carlo: +0.192021 Baku: +0.412021 Le Castellet: +0.292021 Spielberg: +0.452021 Spielberg: -0.322021 Silverstone: +0.682021 Budapest: +0.072021 Zandvoort: +0.062021 Monza: +0.412021 Sochi: no usable session2021 Istanbul: -0.202021 Austin: +0.492021 Mexico City: -0.282021 São Paulo: +0.402021 Lusail: -0.412021 Jeddah: +0.422021 Yas Island: +0.74

76 SESSIONS · 1371 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

CONSISTENCY

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.

64/ 100
RANK 10 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 34–81

Higher means: Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 40Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 45Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 44Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 22Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 67Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 51Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 34Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 57Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 30Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 49Robert Kubica (Williams): 4Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 66Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 14Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 32Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 1Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 3Lando Norris (McLaren): 87Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 85Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 60Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 48Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 73George Russell (Williams): 17Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 86Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 7Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 63Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 58Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 80Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 95Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 84Charles Leclerc: 64

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Lap times scatter 0.351 s around the stint trend, 0.035 s looser than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2018201920202021
2018 Sakhir: -0.172018 Shanghai: +0.442018 Baku: +0.662018 Barcelona: -1.322018 Monte Carlo: no usable session2018 Montréal: -0.092018 Le Castellet: -0.232018 Spielberg: +0.422018 Silverstone: +0.672018 Hockenheim: +0.222018 Budapest: no usable session2018 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2018 Monza: +0.542018 Singapore: -1.222018 Sochi: -0.062018 Suzuka: no usable session2018 Austin: -3.002018 Mexico City: -1.442018 São Paulo: -0.532018 Yas Marina: -0.822019 Melbourne: -1.532019 Sakhir: -0.452019 Shanghai: +0.502019 Baku: +0.392019 Barcelona: -0.982019 Monte Carlo: no usable session2019 Montréal: +0.682019 Le Castellet: +1.362019 Spielberg: +0.612019 Silverstone: -1.312019 Hockenheim: no usable session2019 Budapest: -1.742019 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.392019 Monza: -0.092019 Singapore: +0.722019 Sochi: +0.312019 Suzuka: +0.182019 Mexico City: +0.392019 Austin: +0.022019 São Paulo: -0.762019 Yas Island: -0.442020 Spielberg: +1.662020 Budapest: -0.462020 Silverstone: -0.242020 Silverstone: -0.862020 Barcelona: -0.102020 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.332020 Monza: +0.502020 Mugello: -2.312020 Sochi: +0.612020 Nürburgring: +0.232020 Portimão: -0.462020 Imola: +0.902020 Sakhir: -0.762020 Sakhir: no usable session2020 Yas Island: -1.652021 Sakhir: +0.222021 Imola: +0.262021 Portimão: +0.122021 Barcelona: +0.402021 Monte Carlo: no usable session2021 Baku: +1.072021 Le Castellet: -1.682021 Spielberg: +1.202021 Spielberg: +0.382021 Silverstone: -0.102021 Budapest: no usable session2021 Zandvoort: +0.072021 Monza: -0.082021 Sochi: -0.142021 Istanbul: no usable session2021 Austin: -0.352021 Mexico City: +0.062021 São Paulo: -0.462021 Lusail: -0.042021 Jeddah: +0.042021 Yas Island: -0.88

67 SESSIONS · 132 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

STEERING SMOOTHNESS

NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO

How smoothly the driver steers through each corner.

PENDING

Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.

TEAMMATES

Same car, same sessions. Each cell is the average difference over the sessions they shared, in field-spread units: +0.30 means 0.3 of a typical field spread better on that axis. Qualifying H2H is the share of shared qualifying sessions where Leclerc's best lap was faster.

TEAMMATESHAREDQUALI H2HENTRYTYRE MGMTTHROTTLEBRAKINGCONSISTENCY
Sebastian Vettel67
35 Q · 32 R
69%+0.08-0.02-0.12+0.19+0.07
Marcus Ericsson38
20 Q · 18 R
85%-0.28-0.40-0.33-0.08+0.07
Carlos Sainz38
20 Q · 18 R
70%+0.16-0.35-0.02+0.26-0.06

SESSION LOG

Every weekend in this era. Values are the difference from that session's field in field-spread units, green better and red worse. A dash means the session was skipped (wet, or no data) or the driver had no usable laps.

WEEKENDCIRCUITTEAMQ LAPSBRAKINGENTRYTHROTTLERACE LAPSCONSISTENCYTYRE MGMT
2018 R02SakhirSauber2-1.03-0.75-0.6235-0.17+0.33
2018 R03ShanghaiSauber2+0.28-0.18-0.1736+0.44-0.45
2018 R04BakuSauber2+0.32-0.27+0.2019+0.66-2.47
2018 R05BarcelonaSauber3-0.25-0.37-0.4640-1.32-1.18
2018 R06Monte CarloSauber3-0.07-0.58+0.180——
2018 R07MontréalSauber3+0.22-0.17-0.1855-0.09-0.01
2018 R08Le CastelletSauber3+0.39-0.09-0.2029-0.23+0.08
2018 R09SpielbergSauber3-0.07-0.47-0.1340+0.42-0.13
2018 R10SilverstoneSauber3+0.20-0.18-0.516+0.67—
2018 R11HockenheimSauber3-0.36-0.21-0.7718+0.22+0.81
2018 R12BudapestSauber3-0.38-0.81-0.22———
2018 R13Spa-FrancorchampsSauber3+0.31+0.16-0.38———
2018 R14MonzaSauber3+0.47-0.31-0.1424+0.54+0.97
2018 R15SingaporeSauber3-0.56-0.33-0.4232-1.22+0.57
2018 R16SochiSauber3-0.18-0.01-0.1947-0.06-0.26
2018 R17SuzukaSauber3-0.15-0.06-0.800——
2018 R18AustinSauber3-0.15+0.27-0.6325-3.00-0.68
2018 R19Mexico CitySauber3+0.22+0.04-0.2752-1.44+1.52
2018 R20São PauloSauber3-0.16-0.43-0.6858-0.53+0.32
2018 R21Yas MarinaSauber3-0.58-0.72-0.4832-0.82+0.84
2019 R01MelbourneFerrari3+0.35+0.40+0.0749-1.53+0.04
2019 R02SakhirFerrari3+0.55+0.28-0.1639-0.45-1.22
2019 R03ShanghaiFerrari3-0.09+0.10-0.1543+0.50-0.55
2019 R04BakuFerrari3+0.22-0.51-0.3233+0.39+1.06
2019 R05BarcelonaFerrari3-0.43+0.200.0043-0.98-1.05
2019 R06Monte CarloFerrari3-0.14-0.77-0.35———
2019 R07MontréalFerrari3-0.12-0.27+0.1858+0.68+0.30
2019 R08Le CastelletFerrari3+0.20+0.46-0.0243+1.36-0.09
2019 R09SpielbergFerrari3-0.32+0.17-0.0867+0.61+0.13
2019 R10SilverstoneFerrari3+0.05+0.30+0.0125-1.31+0.04
2019 R11HockenheimFerrari2-0.21-0.07-0.31———
2019 R12BudapestFerrari3-0.54+0.46-0.3765-1.74-0.49
2019 R13Spa-FrancorchampsFerrari3-0.31+0.46-0.2235-0.39-0.28
2019 R14MonzaFerrari2-0.43-0.13-0.1841-0.09+0.57
2019 R15SingaporeFerrari3-0.26+0.38-0.0926+0.72+0.12
2019 R16SochiFerrari3+0.26+1.01+0.1721+0.31-0.14
2019 R17SuzukaFerrari2-0.02+0.86-0.1325+0.18+0.26
2019 R18Mexico CityFerrari2+0.10+0.38-0.3663+0.39-0.34
2019 R19AustinFerrari3+0.42+0.37-0.4546+0.02-0.41
2019 R20São PauloFerrari3-0.03+0.44-0.1940-0.76-1.78
2019 R21Yas IslandFerrari3+0.24+0.11-0.2450-0.44-2.08
2020 R01SpielbergFerrari3+0.08+0.14+0.2628+1.66-0.19
2020 R03BudapestFerrari2+0.37+0.21-0.1850-0.46-0.19
2020 R04SilverstoneFerrari3-0.16-0.050.0032-0.24+0.03
2020 R05SilverstoneFerrari3+0.28-0.05+0.2630-0.86-0.89
2020 R06BarcelonaFerrari3+0.71+0.07-0.1313-0.10-0.23
2020 R07Spa-FrancorchampsFerrari3-0.33-0.22-0.089-0.33-0.82
2020 R08MonzaFerrari3-0.36-0.60-0.239+0.50-0.86
2020 R09MugelloFerrari3+0.74+0.26-0.0933-2.31+0.35
2020 R10SochiFerrari2+0.19-0.01-0.2441+0.61-0.38
2020 R11NürburgringFerrari3+0.10+0.45-0.1933+0.23-0.36
2020 R12PortimãoFerrari3+0.39+0.53+0.2954-0.46-1.32
2020 R13ImolaFerrari3+0.39+0.55-0.0632+0.90+0.40
2020 R15SakhirFerrari2+0.13-0.05-0.1636-0.76-1.39
2020 R16SakhirFerrari3+0.30-0.64+0.60———
2020 R17Yas IslandFerrari3+0.37+0.16-0.2517-1.65-2.43
2021 R01SakhirFerrari2+0.36+0.19+0.2936+0.22-0.06
2021 R02ImolaFerrari3+0.54+0.25+0.1710+0.26+0.44
2021 R03PortimãoFerrari3+0.01-0.29+0.1741+0.12+0.35
2021 R04BarcelonaFerrari3+0.24+0.05+0.2457+0.40+0.39
2021 R05Monte CarloFerrari3+0.19+0.37-0.12———
2021 R06BakuFerrari2+0.41+0.36+0.1218+1.07+0.56
2021 R07Le CastelletFerrari3+0.29-0.13+0.2524-1.68-1.46
2021 R08SpielbergFerrari3+0.45+0.28+0.1733+1.20-0.41
2021 R09SpielbergFerrari3-0.32-0.26-0.076+0.38—
2021 R10SilverstoneFerrari3+0.68+0.40+0.1444-0.10-1.06
2021 R11BudapestFerrari3+0.07+0.35-0.20———
2021 R13ZandvoortFerrari3+0.06+0.64-0.1366+0.07-0.41
2021 R14MonzaFerrari3+0.41+0.47+0.4834-0.08-0.30
2021 R15SochiFerrari————15-0.14-0.43
2021 R16IstanbulFerrari2-0.20+0.02+0.51———
2021 R17AustinFerrari3+0.49+0.54-0.0648-0.35-0.21
2021 R18Mexico CityFerrari3-0.28-0.08-0.3961+0.06+0.25
2021 R19São PauloFerrari3+0.40+0.60-0.3751-0.46+0.03
2021 R20LusailFerrari2-0.41-0.35-0.0734-0.04+1.26
2021 R21JeddahFerrari3+0.42-0.12-0.2914+0.04+1.66
2021 R22Yas IslandFerrari3+0.74+0.40+0.2519-0.88-0.47

HOW THIS IS CALCULATED

The definitions behind every number on this page. The full specification lives with the pipeline code (backend/pipeline/signature/SPEC.md).

REGULATION ERAS

An era is a period under one set of technical rules. When the rules change, every car brakes, turns and wears its tyres differently, so a driver's style relative to the field can shift too. Signatures are therefore computed separately for each era, and the driver page shows the most recent era with at least one scored axis. These eras are defined by the car rules, separate from the storytelling eras elsewhere on the site.

ERAWHAT DEFINES ITDATA IN THIS DATASET
LATE HYBRID
2018–2021
THIS PAGE
1.6-litre V6 turbo hybrid power units, used since 2014, in the wider, higher-downforce cars on wider tyres introduced in 2017.
The era starts in 2018, the first season of the official timing archive, although its car rules date from 2017.
2018–2021
30 drivers scored
GROUND EFFECT
2022–2025
Most downforce comes from two Venturi tunnels under the floor, with simplified wings and 18-inch low-profile tyres, so that cars can follow each other more closely.
2022–2025
31 drivers scored
ACTIVE AERO
2026 onwards
Front and rear wings switch between a corner mode and a low-drag straight mode, replacing DRS. Cars are shorter, narrower and lighter (768 kg), the floor tunnels are gone, and power is split roughly half and half between combustion and electric, with the MGU-H removed and fully sustainable fuel.
Energy recovery is a bigger part of each lap: drivers lift off before braking to recharge and cars harvest at full throttle at the end of straights. Throttle and braking traces reflect energy management as well as driving style.
2026
22 drivers scored

THE FIELD

Every measurement is a difference from the other cars in the same session. Comparing within a session cancels out the track, the weather, the tyre generation and the overall speed of that year's cars, which is what makes different weekends comparable. For each corner, or each race, the driver's value has the field median subtracted and is divided by the field's spread (a robust z-score, capped at ±3). A value of +1 means one typical field spread better than the median driver.

FROM LAPS TO A SCORE

  1. Pick the laps. Qualifying: up to 3 push laps per driver, within 1% of their own best and 107% of the fastest lap, on dry tyres, not deleted for track limits and not run under red or yellow flags. Race: clean laps only, meaning not lap 1, no pit laps, no safety car, virtual safety car, red or yellow flag, dry tyres, at least 1.5 s behind the car ahead, and within 107% of the driver's stint median.
  2. Measure.Corners are the slowest points of the session's fastest lap (dips of at least 25km/h). Every lap is mapped onto that lap's line, so all drivers' brake points and apexes share one distance scale. Full throttle means 98% pedal or more, and a lift is a drop of 10points. In the race, each stint's lap times are corrected for fuel (0.055 s per lap of fuel still on board) and fitted against tyre age: the slope is degradation (at least 8 clean laps), and the scatter around the line is consistency (at least 6).
  3. Compare with the field. Each corner needs at least 8 field laps; tyre degradation is compared on the same compound when at least 4 stints used it.
  4. Combine over the era. A weighted average of the session values. An axis is only scored with at least 5 qualifying sessions and 150 lap-corners, or 5 races and 8 stints; otherwise it stays empty rather than guessed.
  5. Rank.The 0–100 score is the driver-era's percentile among every driver-era in the dataset, so 50 is typical.
  6. Confidence.The driver's sessions are resampled 400 times and re-ranked. The 90% range runs from the 5th to the 95th percentile of those ranks, and confidence is 1 minus the average width of the ranges.

COMPARISON GROUPS

ERA AVG

The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

ALL-TIME

The average of every driver-era in the dataset. Scores are ranks among those same driver-eras, so it sits at 50 on every axis by construction.

CHAMPIONS

World champions in the eras they won their titles, from the final standings of completed seasons. In the dataset: Lewis Hamilton (2018, 2019, 2020), Max Verstappen (2021, 2022, 2023, 2024), Lando Norris (2025).

TEAMMATES

The driver's teammates in this era, weighted by sessions shared. Same car, so this is the fairest comparison.

AXES

AXISMEASURESHIGHER MEANSDATA
STEERING SMOOTHNESSHow smoothly the driver steers through each corner.Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO
ENTRY AGGRESSIONSpeed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
TYRE MANAGEMENTHow fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT
THROTTLE APPLICATIONDistance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
BRAKINGWhere the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
CONSISTENCYHow much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

DATA AND COVERAGE

Source: Official F1 live-timing feed, read through TracingInsights' public FastF1 extraction (2018–2022) and the OpenF1 historical API (2023–2026). The feed gives car data (speed, throttle, brake on/off, gear) about 3.7 times a second, car positions, laps, tyre stints, gaps and race-control messages. It does not carry steering angle or brake pressure. 180 qualifying sessions and 186 races are scored.

SEASONWEEKENDSQUALIFYINGRACESNOT SCORED
20182120/2120/21
Australian qualifying: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
Australian race: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
20192121/2121/21—
20201715/1717/17
Styrian qualifying: wet
Turkish qualifying: wet
20212220/2222/22
Belgian qualifying: wet
Russian qualifying: mixed conditions, 6 drivers on dry tyres
20222220/2222/22
Canadian qualifying: wet
British qualifying: wet
20232221/2222/22
Dutch qualifying: mixed conditions, 9 drivers on dry tyres
20242422/2424/24
Belgian qualifying: wet
São Paulo qualifying: wet
20252422/2424/24
Azerbaijan qualifying: no lap data in the public feed
Las Vegas qualifying: wet
202619 (+4 still to run)19/1919/19—

KNOWN LIMITATIONS

  • The field includes faster and slower cars, so a driver in a quick car scores higher on car-sensitive measures such as minimum corner speed. The teammate comparison is where the car is held constant.
  • The braking point is not adjusted for approach speed: a driver who exits the previous corner faster arrives quicker and has to brake earlier. Braking describes style more than pace.
  • Tyre management cannot tell tyre wear apart from a driver deliberately controlling pace, so its ranges are wide.
  • From 2026, throttle and braking traces also reflect energy recovery (lifting before braking, harvesting at full throttle), not only driving style.
  • Steering smoothness needs steering angle, which no public feed carries. It is never estimated and will come from onboard video, along with seasons before 2018.

PIPELINE TIMING-0.1.0 · GENERATED 2026-11-02 · OFFICIAL F1 LIVE-TIMING FEED, READ THROUGH TRACINGINSIGHTS' PUBLIC FASTF1 EXTRACTION (2018–2022) AND THE OPENF1 HISTORICAL API (2023–2026)