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DRIVING SIGNATURE · FULL METRICS

Charles Leclerc

Ground effect era (2022–2025) · data from 2022–2025 · Ferrari

LATE HYBRID · 2018–2021GROUND EFFECT · 2022–2025ACTIVE AERO · 2026

LAPS USED

3,038

QUALIFYING

85

RACES

87

AXES SCORED

5/6

CONFIDENCE

0.75

How this is calculated — the era, the field, the comparison groups and every threshold.

OVERVIEW

Each axis is a 0–100 rank among every driver-era in the dataset, built from differences to the same-session field. The 90% range is where nine in ten resampled scores land. Rank is within the ground effect field.

STEERINGSMOOTHNESSPENDINGENTRY AGGRESSIONTYRE MANAGEMENTTHROTTLE APPLICATIONBRAKINGCONSISTENCY

DASHED: ERA AVG — The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

AXISSCORE90% RANGERANKERA AVGALL-TIMECHAMPIONSTEAMMATES
STEERINGPENDING——————
ENTRY8383–883/2951509254
TYRE MGMT4115–6817/3047505165
THROTTLE4033–4819/2949507647
BRAKING6758–779/2951507846
CONSISTENCY7248–819/3149508177

AXIS BY AXIS

What each axis measures, where the driver sits among this era's drivers, the raw differences behind the score, and how it moved from weekend to weekend.

ENTRY AGGRESSION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Speed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.

83/ 100
RANK 3 OF 29 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 83–88

Higher means: Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 29Fernando Alonso (Aston Martin): 41Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 78Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 51Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 12Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 31Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 38Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 82Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 71Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 55Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 35Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 3Liam Lawson (Racing Bulls): 50Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 28Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 64Lando Norris (McLaren): 97Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 34Sergio Perez (Red Bull Racing): 70Oscar Piastri (McLaren): 96Daniel Ricciardo (McLaren): 69George Russell (Mercedes): 76Carlos Sainz (Ferrari): 54Logan Sargeant (Williams): 20Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 19Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 48Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 80Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 43Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 23Charles Leclerc: 83

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

1.6 km/h more speed as the brake comes off.

2.4 km/h higher minimum corner speed.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2022202320242025
2022 Sakhir: +0.272022 Jeddah: +0.902022 Melbourne: +0.802022 Imola: +0.842022 Miami: -0.032022 Barcelona: +1.532022 Monaco: +0.402022 Baku: +0.502022 Montréal: no usable session2022 Silverstone: no usable session2022 Spielberg: +0.442022 Le Castellet: +1.212022 Budapest: +0.562022 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.622022 Zandvoort: +0.822022 Monza: +0.552022 Marina Bay: +0.772022 Suzuka: +0.452022 Austin: +0.612022 Mexico City: +0.332022 São Paulo: +0.522022 Yas Island: +0.082023 Sakhir: +0.482023 Jeddah: +0.542023 Melbourne: +0.062023 Baku: +0.452023 Miami: +0.382023 Monte Carlo: +0.422023 Catalunya: -0.212023 Montreal: -0.902023 Spielberg: +0.812023 Silverstone: +0.262023 Hungaroring: +0.722023 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.072023 Zandvoort: no usable session2023 Monza: +0.512023 Singapore: +0.912023 Suzuka: +0.672023 Lusail: +0.712023 Austin: +0.102023 Mexico City: -0.112023 Interlagos: +0.592023 Las Vegas: +0.742023 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.922024 Sakhir: +0.702024 Jeddah: +1.072024 Melbourne: +0.592024 Suzuka: +0.562024 Shanghai: +0.012024 Miami: +0.582024 Imola: +1.122024 Monte Carlo: +0.372024 Montreal: -0.192024 Catalunya: +0.112024 Spielberg: +0.072024 Silverstone: -0.222024 Hungaroring: +0.462024 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2024 Zandvoort: +0.442024 Monza: +0.402024 Baku: +0.932024 Singapore: +0.602024 Austin: -0.022024 Mexico City: -0.192024 Las Vegas: +0.452024 Lusail: +0.522024 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.522025 Melbourne: +0.572025 Shanghai: +0.352025 Suzuka: +0.062025 Sakhir: +0.532025 Jeddah: +0.422025 Miami: +0.222025 Imola: -0.282025 Monte Carlo: +0.642025 Catalunya: -0.262025 Montreal: -0.252025 Spielberg: 0.002025 Silverstone: +0.482025 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.262025 Hungaroring: +0.062025 Zandvoort: +0.502025 Monza: +0.262025 Baku: no usable session2025 Singapore: +0.332025 Austin: +0.072025 Mexico City: -0.082025 Interlagos: +0.412025 Las Vegas: no usable session2025 Lusail: -0.372025 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.36

85 SESSIONS · 1655 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

TYRE MANAGEMENT

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.

41/ 100
RANK 17 OF 30 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 15–68

Higher means: Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 65Fernando Alonso (Aston Martin): 96Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 85Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 90Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 5Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 14Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 21Nyck De Vries (AlphaTauri): 12Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 27Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 51Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 55Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 23Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 7Liam Lawson (Racing Bulls): 76Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 19Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 32Lando Norris (McLaren): 57Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 66Sergio Perez (Red Bull Racing): 13Oscar Piastri (McLaren): 77Daniel Ricciardo (McLaren): 73George Russell (Mercedes): 71Carlos Sainz (Ferrari): 68Logan Sargeant (Williams): 1Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 30Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 45Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 48Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 97Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 31Charles Leclerc: 41

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Loses 0.053 s per lap of tyre age after fuel correction, 0.006 s/lap more than the race median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2022202320242025
2022 Sakhir: -0.212022 Jeddah: -0.402022 Melbourne: +0.092022 Imola: -1.362022 Miami: -0.662022 Barcelona: +0.392022 Monaco: +0.672022 Baku: no usable session2022 Montréal: +0.822022 Silverstone: -0.512022 Spielberg: -0.892022 Le Castellet: -1.532022 Budapest: -0.212022 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.612022 Zandvoort: +0.102022 Monza: -0.492022 Marina Bay: -3.002022 Suzuka: no usable session2022 Austin: +0.362022 Mexico City: -1.742022 São Paulo: -0.092022 Yas Island: +0.402023 Sakhir: -0.452023 Jeddah: -1.472023 Melbourne: no usable session2023 Baku: +0.752023 Miami: +0.532023 Monte Carlo: -0.282023 Catalunya: +0.332023 Montreal: -0.542023 Spielberg: -0.522023 Silverstone: -0.282023 Hungaroring: -0.532023 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.852023 Zandvoort: -0.622023 Monza: no usable session2023 Singapore: -0.512023 Suzuka: -0.032023 Lusail: +0.352023 Austin: 0.002023 Mexico City: +0.412023 Interlagos: no usable session2023 Las Vegas: +1.982023 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.432024 Sakhir: -0.912024 Jeddah: +0.192024 Melbourne: +0.842024 Suzuka: +1.752024 Shanghai: +0.632024 Miami: +0.242024 Imola: +0.182024 Monte Carlo: +0.132024 Montreal: no usable session2024 Catalunya: -0.142024 Spielberg: +0.802024 Silverstone: 0.002024 Hungaroring: +0.102024 Spa-Francorchamps: -1.582024 Zandvoort: +0.462024 Monza: -0.532024 Baku: -0.672024 Singapore: +2.272024 Austin: -0.472024 Mexico City: -1.512024 Las Vegas: -0.242024 Lusail: +1.132024 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.622025 Melbourne: no usable session2025 Shanghai: -0.652025 Suzuka: -0.492025 Sakhir: -0.342025 Jeddah: +0.402025 Miami: -0.722025 Imola: +0.162025 Monte Carlo: +0.442025 Catalunya: -0.792025 Montreal: +0.152025 Spielberg: +0.822025 Silverstone: -0.752025 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.262025 Hungaroring: -1.392025 Zandvoort: +0.392025 Monza: +1.302025 Baku: -0.592025 Singapore: -1.012025 Austin: -0.012025 Mexico City: +0.292025 Interlagos: no usable session2025 Las Vegas: -0.482025 Lusail: -0.092025 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.02

83 SESSIONS · 156 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

THROTTLE APPLICATION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Distance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.

40/ 100
RANK 19 OF 29 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 33–48

Higher means: Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 3Fernando Alonso (Aston Martin): 72Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 65Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 28Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 55Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 41Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 8Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 80Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 82Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 38Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 48Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 6Liam Lawson (Racing Bulls): 77Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 44Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 23Lando Norris (McLaren): 52Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 15Sergio Perez (Red Bull Racing): 99Oscar Piastri (McLaren): 31Daniel Ricciardo (McLaren): 59George Russell (Mercedes): 81Carlos Sainz (Ferrari): 50Logan Sargeant (Williams): 10Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 86Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 71Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 98Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 51Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 14Charles Leclerc: 40

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Reaches full throttle 3.6 m further from the apex than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2022202320242025
2022 Sakhir: 0.002022 Jeddah: +0.072022 Melbourne: -0.252022 Imola: 0.002022 Miami: +0.472022 Barcelona: +0.072022 Monaco: +0.402022 Baku: +0.012022 Montréal: no usable session2022 Silverstone: no usable session2022 Spielberg: -0.102022 Le Castellet: +0.212022 Budapest: +0.232022 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.372022 Zandvoort: +0.132022 Monza: +0.332022 Marina Bay: -0.022022 Suzuka: +0.252022 Austin: +0.022022 Mexico City: +0.112022 São Paulo: -0.322022 Yas Island: -0.062023 Sakhir: -0.352023 Jeddah: +0.032023 Melbourne: +0.042023 Baku: +0.012023 Miami: +0.142023 Monte Carlo: +0.272023 Catalunya: -0.352023 Montreal: -0.352023 Spielberg: -0.262023 Silverstone: +0.112023 Hungaroring: -0.012023 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.152023 Zandvoort: no usable session2023 Monza: -0.062023 Singapore: -0.042023 Suzuka: +0.142023 Lusail: +0.112023 Austin: -0.412023 Mexico City: +0.162023 Interlagos: -0.062023 Las Vegas: +0.182023 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.012024 Sakhir: -0.232024 Jeddah: +0.032024 Melbourne: -0.262024 Suzuka: +0.252024 Shanghai: -0.052024 Miami: +0.352024 Imola: +0.182024 Monte Carlo: +0.212024 Montreal: +0.012024 Catalunya: -0.252024 Spielberg: -0.172024 Silverstone: -0.132024 Hungaroring: -0.312024 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2024 Zandvoort: -0.142024 Monza: -0.042024 Baku: -0.042024 Singapore: -0.152024 Austin: -0.202024 Mexico City: -0.032024 Las Vegas: -0.032024 Lusail: -0.152024 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.052025 Melbourne: -0.482025 Shanghai: -0.052025 Suzuka: -0.152025 Sakhir: -0.162025 Jeddah: -0.332025 Miami: -0.362025 Imola: -0.032025 Monte Carlo: -0.072025 Catalunya: -0.382025 Montreal: +0.052025 Spielberg: -0.322025 Silverstone: +0.012025 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.362025 Hungaroring: -0.292025 Zandvoort: -0.102025 Monza: -0.022025 Baku: no usable session2025 Singapore: -0.522025 Austin: -0.332025 Mexico City: -0.162025 Interlagos: -0.172025 Las Vegas: no usable session2025 Lusail: -0.292025 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.20

85 SESSIONS · 1574 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

BRAKING

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Where the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.

67/ 100
RANK 9 OF 29 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 58–77

Higher means: Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 22Fernando Alonso (Aston Martin): 76Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 62Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 41Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 23Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 36Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 18Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 64Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 82Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 77Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 48Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 3Liam Lawson (Racing Bulls): 51Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 34Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 19Lando Norris (McLaren): 80Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 20Sergio Perez (Red Bull Racing): 45Oscar Piastri (McLaren): 83Daniel Ricciardo (McLaren): 71George Russell (Mercedes): 72Carlos Sainz (Ferrari): 35Logan Sargeant (Williams): 28Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 65Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 87Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 56Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 50Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 54Charles Leclerc: 67

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Starts braking 1.2 m later than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2022202320242025
2022 Sakhir: +0.222022 Jeddah: +0.662022 Melbourne: +0.422022 Imola: -0.052022 Miami: +0.622022 Barcelona: +0.332022 Monaco: +0.572022 Baku: +0.132022 Montréal: no usable session2022 Silverstone: no usable session2022 Spielberg: +0.432022 Le Castellet: +0.642022 Budapest: +0.452022 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.062022 Zandvoort: +0.292022 Monza: -0.072022 Marina Bay: +0.642022 Suzuka: +0.622022 Austin: +0.102022 Mexico City: +0.602022 São Paulo: +0.052022 Yas Island: +0.212023 Sakhir: +0.552023 Jeddah: +0.362023 Melbourne: +0.362023 Baku: +0.352023 Miami: -0.022023 Monte Carlo: +0.592023 Catalunya: -0.812023 Montreal: -0.322023 Spielberg: +0.312023 Silverstone: +0.132023 Hungaroring: +0.072023 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.022023 Zandvoort: no usable session2023 Monza: +0.352023 Singapore: -0.242023 Suzuka: -0.202023 Lusail: -0.062023 Austin: -0.202023 Mexico City: -0.322023 Interlagos: +0.022023 Las Vegas: +0.252023 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.482024 Sakhir: -0.012024 Jeddah: +0.192024 Melbourne: -0.082024 Suzuka: +0.452024 Shanghai: +0.482024 Miami: +0.322024 Imola: +0.532024 Monte Carlo: +0.312024 Montreal: -0.582024 Catalunya: -0.092024 Spielberg: -0.322024 Silverstone: -0.362024 Hungaroring: -0.162024 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2024 Zandvoort: +0.032024 Monza: -0.052024 Baku: +0.442024 Singapore: -0.012024 Austin: 0.002024 Mexico City: -0.202024 Las Vegas: +0.122024 Lusail: +0.212024 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.052025 Melbourne: +0.212025 Shanghai: +0.102025 Suzuka: +0.702025 Sakhir: +0.182025 Jeddah: -0.082025 Miami: -0.212025 Imola: -0.102025 Monte Carlo: +0.092025 Catalunya: +0.102025 Montreal: +0.462025 Spielberg: -0.012025 Silverstone: +0.152025 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.282025 Hungaroring: -0.432025 Zandvoort: -0.022025 Monza: -0.052025 Baku: no usable session2025 Singapore: +0.092025 Austin: -0.032025 Mexico City: +0.332025 Interlagos: +0.122025 Las Vegas: no usable session2025 Lusail: -0.442025 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.43

85 SESSIONS · 1512 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

CONSISTENCY

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.

72/ 100
RANK 9 OF 31 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 48–81

Higher means: Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 62Fernando Alonso (Aston Martin): 38Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 81Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 36Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 25Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 21Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 39Nyck De Vries (AlphaTauri): 33Jack Doohan (Alpine): 9Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 79Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 55Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 46Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 19Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 5Liam Lawson (Racing Bulls): 70Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 11Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 13Lando Norris (McLaren): 75Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 83Sergio Perez (Red Bull Racing): 52Oscar Piastri (McLaren): 56Daniel Ricciardo (McLaren): 31George Russell (Mercedes): 93Carlos Sainz (Ferrari): 89Logan Sargeant (Williams): 16Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 68Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 42Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 97Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 78Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 20Charles Leclerc: 72

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Lap times scatter 0.297 s around the stint trend, 0.009 s looser than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2022202320242025
2022 Sakhir: +0.062022 Jeddah: +0.232022 Melbourne: +0.302022 Imola: +0.332022 Miami: -0.722022 Barcelona: +0.742022 Monaco: -0.252022 Baku: +0.832022 Montréal: -3.002022 Silverstone: -0.542022 Spielberg: +0.202022 Le Castellet: -0.272022 Budapest: -0.072022 Spa-Francorchamps: -1.522022 Zandvoort: +0.052022 Monza: -0.442022 Marina Bay: +2.302022 Suzuka: no usable session2022 Austin: -0.452022 Mexico City: -0.152022 São Paulo: -2.362022 Yas Island: -0.322023 Sakhir: -0.582023 Jeddah: -0.932023 Melbourne: no usable session2023 Baku: +0.672023 Miami: -0.042023 Monte Carlo: +0.102023 Catalunya: +0.932023 Montreal: +0.212023 Spielberg: -0.182023 Silverstone: -1.252023 Hungaroring: -0.332023 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.132023 Zandvoort: -0.712023 Monza: no usable session2023 Singapore: -0.462023 Suzuka: +0.962023 Lusail: -0.562023 Austin: -0.702023 Mexico City: +0.122023 Interlagos: no usable session2023 Las Vegas: -1.082023 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.702024 Sakhir: +0.262024 Jeddah: -0.262024 Melbourne: +0.022024 Suzuka: -0.012024 Shanghai: +0.382024 Miami: -0.162024 Imola: +0.122024 Monte Carlo: -0.142024 Montreal: no usable session2024 Catalunya: +0.782024 Spielberg: +0.162024 Silverstone: +0.552024 Hungaroring: -0.482024 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.932024 Zandvoort: +0.832024 Monza: +0.592024 Baku: -1.202024 Singapore: -0.882024 Austin: +0.342024 Mexico City: +0.032024 Las Vegas: -2.002024 Lusail: -0.182024 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.482025 Melbourne: no usable session2025 Shanghai: -3.002025 Suzuka: -0.332025 Sakhir: +0.222025 Jeddah: +0.082025 Miami: -0.702025 Imola: -0.602025 Monte Carlo: +0.632025 Catalunya: +0.422025 Montreal: -0.782025 Spielberg: -0.542025 Silverstone: +1.232025 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.262025 Hungaroring: -0.112025 Zandvoort: +0.812025 Monza: -0.772025 Baku: +0.322025 Singapore: -1.012025 Austin: -1.132025 Mexico City: +0.332025 Interlagos: no usable session2025 Las Vegas: -1.812025 Lusail: +0.562025 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.08

84 SESSIONS · 166 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

STEERING SMOOTHNESS

NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO

How smoothly the driver steers through each corner.

PENDING

Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.

TEAMMATES

Same car, same sessions. Each cell is the average difference over the sessions they shared, in field-spread units: +0.30 means 0.3 of a typical field spread better on that axis. Qualifying H2H is the share of shared qualifying sessions where Leclerc's best lap was faster.

TEAMMATESHAREDQUALI H2HENTRYTYRE MGMTTHROTTLEBRAKINGCONSISTENCY
Carlos Sainz121
62 Q · 59 R
66%+0.32-0.23-0.01+0.32-0.22
Lewis Hamilton44
22 Q · 22 R
73%+0.48-0.08-0.05+0.32+0.04
Oliver Bearman2
1 Q · 1 R
100%+1.11-0.59+0.12-0.43-0.43

SESSION LOG

Every weekend in this era. Values are the difference from that session's field in field-spread units, green better and red worse. A dash means the session was skipped (wet, or no data) or the driver had no usable laps.

WEEKENDCIRCUITTEAMQ LAPSBRAKINGENTRYTHROTTLERACE LAPSCONSISTENCYTYRE MGMT
2022 R01SakhirFerrari3+0.22+0.270.0045+0.06-0.21
2022 R02JeddahFerrari3+0.66+0.90+0.0732+0.23-0.40
2022 R03MelbourneFerrari2+0.42+0.80-0.2544+0.30+0.09
2022 R04ImolaFerrari1-0.05+0.840.0017+0.33-1.36
2022 R05MiamiFerrari3+0.62-0.03+0.4735-0.72-0.66
2022 R06BarcelonaFerrari1+0.33+1.53+0.0717+0.74+0.39
2022 R07MonacoFerrari2+0.57+0.40+0.4013-0.25+0.67
2022 R08BakuFerrari3+0.13+0.50+0.0114+0.83—
2022 R09MontréalFerrari————13-3.00+0.82
2022 R10SilverstoneFerrari————24-0.54-0.51
2022 R11SpielbergFerrari3+0.43+0.44-0.1043+0.20-0.89
2022 R12Le CastelletFerrari3+0.64+1.21+0.2116-0.27-1.53
2022 R13BudapestFerrari3+0.45+0.56+0.2340-0.07-0.21
2022 R14Spa-FrancorchampsFerrari3+0.06+0.62+0.3724-1.52+0.61
2022 R15ZandvoortFerrari3+0.29+0.82+0.1342+0.05+0.10
2022 R16MonzaFerrari2-0.07+0.55+0.3341-0.44-0.49
2022 R17Marina BayFerrari1+0.64+0.77-0.029+2.30-3.00
2022 R18SuzukaFerrari2+0.62+0.45+0.25———
2022 R19AustinFerrari3+0.10+0.61+0.0222-0.45+0.36
2022 R20Mexico CityFerrari3+0.60+0.33+0.1159-0.15-1.74
2022 R21São PauloFerrari2+0.05+0.52-0.3233-2.36-0.09
2022 R22Yas IslandFerrari3+0.21+0.08-0.0652-0.32+0.40
2023 R01SakhirFerrari2+0.55+0.48-0.3528-0.58-0.45
2023 R02JeddahFerrari3+0.36+0.54+0.0320-0.93-1.47
2023 R03MelbourneFerrari3+0.36+0.06+0.04———
2023 R04BakuFerrari3+0.35+0.45+0.0135+0.67+0.75
2023 R05MiamiFerrari3-0.02+0.38+0.1424-0.04+0.53
2023 R06Monte CarloFerrari3+0.59+0.42+0.2717+0.10-0.28
2023 R07CatalunyaFerrari1-0.81-0.21-0.3539+0.93+0.33
2023 R08MontrealFerrari2-0.32-0.90-0.3546+0.21-0.54
2023 R09SpielbergFerrari2+0.31+0.81-0.2660-0.18-0.52
2023 R10SilverstoneFerrari2+0.13+0.26+0.1123-1.25-0.28
2023 R11HungaroringFerrari3+0.07+0.72-0.0151-0.33-0.53
2023 R12Spa-FrancorchampsFerrari2+0.02+0.07-0.1535+0.13-0.85
2023 R13ZandvoortFerrari————13-0.71-0.62
2023 R14MonzaFerrari3+0.35+0.51-0.060——
2023 R15SingaporeFerrari2-0.24+0.91-0.0421-0.46-0.51
2023 R16SuzukaFerrari3-0.20+0.67+0.1429+0.96-0.03
2023 R17LusailFerrari2-0.06+0.71+0.1130-0.56+0.35
2023 R18AustinFerrari3-0.20+0.10-0.4145-0.700.00
2023 R19Mexico CityFerrari3-0.32-0.11+0.1659+0.12+0.41
2023 R20InterlagosFerrari3+0.02+0.59-0.06———
2023 R21Las VegasFerrari3+0.25+0.74+0.1820-1.08+1.98
2023 R22Yas Marina CircuitFerrari2-0.48+0.92-0.0144+0.70-0.43
2024 R01SakhirFerrari3-0.01+0.70-0.2315+0.26-0.91
2024 R02JeddahFerrari3+0.19+1.07+0.0328-0.26+0.19
2024 R03MelbourneFerrari3-0.08+0.59-0.2639+0.02+0.84
2024 R04SuzukaFerrari3+0.45+0.56+0.2538-0.01+1.75
2024 R05ShanghaiFerrari3+0.48+0.01-0.0529+0.38+0.63
2024 R06MiamiFerrari3+0.32+0.58+0.3527-0.16+0.24
2024 R07ImolaFerrari3+0.53+1.12+0.1846+0.12+0.18
2024 R08Monte CarloFerrari3+0.31+0.37+0.2174-0.14+0.13
2024 R09MontrealFerrari3-0.58-0.19+0.010——
2024 R10CatalunyaFerrari3-0.09+0.11-0.2540+0.78-0.14
2024 R11SpielbergFerrari3-0.32+0.07-0.1748+0.16+0.80
2024 R12SilverstoneFerrari2-0.36-0.22-0.1318+0.550.00
2024 R13HungaroringFerrari3-0.16+0.46-0.3144-0.48+0.10
2024 R14Spa-FrancorchampsFerrari————32+0.93-1.58
2024 R15ZandvoortFerrari3+0.03+0.44-0.1446+0.83+0.46
2024 R16MonzaFerrari3-0.05+0.40-0.0428+0.59-0.53
2024 R17BakuFerrari3+0.44+0.93-0.0414-1.20-0.67
2024 R18SingaporeFerrari3-0.01+0.60-0.1524-0.88+2.27
2024 R19AustinFerrari30.00-0.02-0.2045+0.34-0.47
2024 R20Mexico CityFerrari3-0.20-0.19-0.0353+0.03-1.51
2024 R22Las VegasFerrari3+0.12+0.45-0.0321-2.00-0.24
2024 R23LusailFerrari3+0.21+0.52-0.1540-0.18+1.13
2024 R24Yas Marina CircuitFerrari3-0.05+0.52-0.0531-0.48+0.62
2025 R01MelbourneFerrari3+0.21+0.57-0.480——
2025 R02ShanghaiFerrari3+0.10+0.35-0.0528-3.00-0.65
2025 R03SuzukaFerrari3+0.70+0.06-0.1540-0.33-0.49
2025 R04SakhirFerrari3+0.18+0.53-0.1620+0.22-0.34
2025 R05JeddahFerrari3-0.08+0.42-0.3340+0.08+0.40
2025 R06MiamiFerrari3-0.21+0.22-0.3610-0.70-0.72
2025 R07ImolaFerrari3-0.10-0.28-0.0323-0.60+0.16
2025 R08Monte CarloFerrari3+0.09+0.64-0.0741+0.63+0.44
2025 R09CatalunyaFerrari2+0.10-0.26-0.3838+0.42-0.79
2025 R10MontrealFerrari3+0.46-0.25+0.0553-0.78+0.15
2025 R11SpielbergFerrari3-0.010.00-0.3259-0.54+0.82
2025 R12SilverstoneFerrari3+0.15+0.48+0.018+1.23-0.75
2025 R13Spa-FrancorchampsFerrari3+0.28+0.26-0.3637-0.26-0.26
2025 R14HungaroringFerrari3-0.43+0.06-0.2964-0.11-1.39
2025 R15ZandvoortFerrari3-0.02+0.50-0.1012+0.81+0.39
2025 R16MonzaFerrari3-0.05+0.26-0.0245-0.77+1.30
2025 R17BakuFerrari————12+0.32-0.59
2025 R18SingaporeFerrari3+0.09+0.33-0.5249-1.01-1.01
2025 R19AustinFerrari3-0.03+0.07-0.3342-1.13-0.01
2025 R20Mexico CityFerrari2+0.33-0.08-0.1660+0.33+0.29
2025 R21InterlagosFerrari3+0.12+0.41-0.17———
2025 R22Las VegasFerrari————25-1.81-0.48
2025 R23LusailFerrari3-0.44-0.37-0.2912+0.56-0.09
2025 R24Yas Marina CircuitFerrari3+0.43+0.36-0.2035+0.08+0.02

HOW THIS IS CALCULATED

The definitions behind every number on this page. The full specification lives with the pipeline code (backend/pipeline/signature/SPEC.md).

REGULATION ERAS

An era is a period under one set of technical rules. When the rules change, every car brakes, turns and wears its tyres differently, so a driver's style relative to the field can shift too. Signatures are therefore computed separately for each era, and the driver page shows the most recent era with at least one scored axis. These eras are defined by the car rules, separate from the storytelling eras elsewhere on the site.

ERAWHAT DEFINES ITDATA IN THIS DATASET
LATE HYBRID
2018–2021
1.6-litre V6 turbo hybrid power units, used since 2014, in the wider, higher-downforce cars on wider tyres introduced in 2017.
The era starts in 2018, the first season of the official timing archive, although its car rules date from 2017.
2018–2021
30 drivers scored
GROUND EFFECT
2022–2025
THIS PAGE
Most downforce comes from two Venturi tunnels under the floor, with simplified wings and 18-inch low-profile tyres, so that cars can follow each other more closely.
2022–2025
31 drivers scored
ACTIVE AERO
2026 onwards
Front and rear wings switch between a corner mode and a low-drag straight mode, replacing DRS. Cars are shorter, narrower and lighter (768 kg), the floor tunnels are gone, and power is split roughly half and half between combustion and electric, with the MGU-H removed and fully sustainable fuel.
Energy recovery is a bigger part of each lap: drivers lift off before braking to recharge and cars harvest at full throttle at the end of straights. Throttle and braking traces reflect energy management as well as driving style.
2026
22 drivers scored

THE FIELD

Every measurement is a difference from the other cars in the same session. Comparing within a session cancels out the track, the weather, the tyre generation and the overall speed of that year's cars, which is what makes different weekends comparable. For each corner, or each race, the driver's value has the field median subtracted and is divided by the field's spread (a robust z-score, capped at ±3). A value of +1 means one typical field spread better than the median driver.

FROM LAPS TO A SCORE

  1. Pick the laps. Qualifying: up to 3 push laps per driver, within 1% of their own best and 107% of the fastest lap, on dry tyres, not deleted for track limits and not run under red or yellow flags. Race: clean laps only, meaning not lap 1, no pit laps, no safety car, virtual safety car, red or yellow flag, dry tyres, at least 1.5 s behind the car ahead, and within 107% of the driver's stint median.
  2. Measure.Corners are the slowest points of the session's fastest lap (dips of at least 25km/h). Every lap is mapped onto that lap's line, so all drivers' brake points and apexes share one distance scale. Full throttle means 98% pedal or more, and a lift is a drop of 10points. In the race, each stint's lap times are corrected for fuel (0.055 s per lap of fuel still on board) and fitted against tyre age: the slope is degradation (at least 8 clean laps), and the scatter around the line is consistency (at least 6).
  3. Compare with the field. Each corner needs at least 8 field laps; tyre degradation is compared on the same compound when at least 4 stints used it.
  4. Combine over the era. A weighted average of the session values. An axis is only scored with at least 5 qualifying sessions and 150 lap-corners, or 5 races and 8 stints; otherwise it stays empty rather than guessed.
  5. Rank.The 0–100 score is the driver-era's percentile among every driver-era in the dataset, so 50 is typical.
  6. Confidence.The driver's sessions are resampled 400 times and re-ranked. The 90% range runs from the 5th to the 95th percentile of those ranks, and confidence is 1 minus the average width of the ranges.

COMPARISON GROUPS

ERA AVG

The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

ALL-TIME

The average of every driver-era in the dataset. Scores are ranks among those same driver-eras, so it sits at 50 on every axis by construction.

CHAMPIONS

World champions in the eras they won their titles, from the final standings of completed seasons. In the dataset: Lewis Hamilton (2018, 2019, 2020), Max Verstappen (2021, 2022, 2023, 2024), Lando Norris (2025).

TEAMMATES

The driver's teammates in this era, weighted by sessions shared. Same car, so this is the fairest comparison.

AXES

AXISMEASURESHIGHER MEANSDATA
STEERING SMOOTHNESSHow smoothly the driver steers through each corner.Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO
ENTRY AGGRESSIONSpeed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
TYRE MANAGEMENTHow fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT
THROTTLE APPLICATIONDistance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
BRAKINGWhere the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
CONSISTENCYHow much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

DATA AND COVERAGE

Source: Official F1 live-timing feed, read through TracingInsights' public FastF1 extraction (2018–2022) and the OpenF1 historical API (2023–2026). The feed gives car data (speed, throttle, brake on/off, gear) about 3.7 times a second, car positions, laps, tyre stints, gaps and race-control messages. It does not carry steering angle or brake pressure. 180 qualifying sessions and 186 races are scored.

SEASONWEEKENDSQUALIFYINGRACESNOT SCORED
20182120/2120/21
Australian qualifying: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
Australian race: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
20192121/2121/21—
20201715/1717/17
Styrian qualifying: wet
Turkish qualifying: wet
20212220/2222/22
Belgian qualifying: wet
Russian qualifying: mixed conditions, 6 drivers on dry tyres
20222220/2222/22
Canadian qualifying: wet
British qualifying: wet
20232221/2222/22
Dutch qualifying: mixed conditions, 9 drivers on dry tyres
20242422/2424/24
Belgian qualifying: wet
São Paulo qualifying: wet
20252422/2424/24
Azerbaijan qualifying: no lap data in the public feed
Las Vegas qualifying: wet
202619 (+4 still to run)19/1919/19—

KNOWN LIMITATIONS

  • The field includes faster and slower cars, so a driver in a quick car scores higher on car-sensitive measures such as minimum corner speed. The teammate comparison is where the car is held constant.
  • The braking point is not adjusted for approach speed: a driver who exits the previous corner faster arrives quicker and has to brake earlier. Braking describes style more than pace.
  • Tyre management cannot tell tyre wear apart from a driver deliberately controlling pace, so its ranges are wide.
  • From 2026, throttle and braking traces also reflect energy recovery (lifting before braking, harvesting at full throttle), not only driving style.
  • Steering smoothness needs steering angle, which no public feed carries. It is never estimated and will come from onboard video, along with seasons before 2018.

PIPELINE TIMING-0.1.0 · GENERATED 2026-11-02 · OFFICIAL F1 LIVE-TIMING FEED, READ THROUGH TRACINGINSIGHTS' PUBLIC FASTF1 EXTRACTION (2018–2022) AND THE OPENF1 HISTORICAL API (2023–2026)