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DRIVING SIGNATURE · FULL METRICS

Carlos Sainz

Ground effect era (2022–2025) · data from 2022–2025 · Ferrari, Williams

LATE HYBRID · 2018–2021GROUND EFFECT · 2022–2025ACTIVE AERO · 2026

LAPS USED

2,971

QUALIFYING

84

RACES

82

AXES SCORED

5/6

CONFIDENCE

0.79

How this is calculated — the era, the field, the comparison groups and every threshold.

OVERVIEW

Each axis is a 0–100 rank among every driver-era in the dataset, built from differences to the same-session field. The 90% range is where nine in ten resampled scores land. Rank is within the ground effect field.

STEERINGSMOOTHNESSPENDINGENTRY AGGRESSIONTYRE MANAGEMENTTHROTTLE APPLICATIONBRAKINGCONSISTENCY

DASHED: ERA AVG — The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

AXISSCORE90% RANGERANKERA AVGALL-TIMECHAMPIONSTEAMMATES
STEERINGPENDING——————
ENTRY5448–5913/2951509269
TYRE MGMT6845–839/3047505147
THROTTLE5042–6015/2949507630
BRAKING3522–4321/2951507855
CONSISTENCY8977–953/3149508169

AXIS BY AXIS

What each axis measures, where the driver sits among this era's drivers, the raw differences behind the score, and how it moved from weekend to weekend.

ENTRY AGGRESSION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Speed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.

54/ 100
RANK 13 OF 29 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 48–59

Higher means: Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 29Fernando Alonso (Aston Martin): 41Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 78Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 51Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 12Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 31Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 38Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 82Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 71Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 55Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 35Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 3Liam Lawson (Racing Bulls): 50Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 83Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 28Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 64Lando Norris (McLaren): 97Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 34Sergio Perez (Red Bull Racing): 70Oscar Piastri (McLaren): 96Daniel Ricciardo (McLaren): 69George Russell (Mercedes): 76Logan Sargeant (Williams): 20Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 19Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 48Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 80Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 43Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 23Carlos Sainz: 54

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

1.5 km/h less speed as the brake comes off.

0.7 km/h higher minimum corner speed.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2022202320242025
2022 Sakhir: +0.282022 Jeddah: +0.722022 Melbourne: +0.452022 Imola: +0.492022 Miami: -0.382022 Barcelona: +0.142022 Monaco: +0.252022 Baku: +0.072022 Montréal: no usable session2022 Silverstone: no usable session2022 Spielberg: +0.132022 Le Castellet: +1.082022 Budapest: +0.562022 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.392022 Zandvoort: +0.252022 Monza: +0.542022 Marina Bay: +0.272022 Suzuka: -0.342022 Austin: +0.602022 Mexico City: +0.692022 São Paulo: +0.522022 Yas Island: 0.002023 Sakhir: +0.372023 Jeddah: -0.102023 Melbourne: +0.212023 Baku: -0.492023 Miami: 0.002023 Monte Carlo: -0.072023 Catalunya: -0.242023 Montreal: -0.142023 Spielberg: -0.092023 Silverstone: -0.052023 Hungaroring: -0.362023 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.462023 Zandvoort: no usable session2023 Monza: +0.202023 Singapore: +0.312023 Suzuka: -0.022023 Lusail: -0.382023 Austin: -0.012023 Mexico City: +0.212023 Interlagos: -0.212023 Las Vegas: +1.212023 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.182024 Sakhir: +0.112024 Melbourne: +0.832024 Suzuka: +0.072024 Shanghai: +0.172024 Miami: -0.172024 Imola: +0.192024 Monte Carlo: +0.122024 Montreal: +0.262024 Catalunya: +0.062024 Spielberg: -0.132024 Silverstone: +0.072024 Hungaroring: -0.042024 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2024 Zandvoort: -0.152024 Monza: +0.042024 Baku: +0.262024 Singapore: -0.152024 Austin: +0.022024 Mexico City: +0.092024 Las Vegas: +0.172024 Lusail: +0.052024 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.202025 Melbourne: -0.062025 Shanghai: -0.422025 Suzuka: -0.952025 Sakhir: 0.002025 Jeddah: -0.232025 Miami: -0.252025 Imola: -0.072025 Monte Carlo: -0.472025 Catalunya: -0.792025 Montreal: -1.232025 Spielberg: -0.962025 Silverstone: -0.552025 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.502025 Hungaroring: -0.662025 Zandvoort: -0.322025 Monza: -0.312025 Baku: no usable session2025 Singapore: -0.542025 Austin: -0.092025 Mexico City: -0.392025 Interlagos: -0.532025 Las Vegas: no usable session2025 Lusail: -0.022025 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.20

84 SESSIONS · 1660 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

TYRE MANAGEMENT

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.

68/ 100
RANK 9 OF 30 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 45–83

Higher means: Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 65Fernando Alonso (Aston Martin): 96Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 85Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 90Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 5Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 14Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 21Nyck De Vries (AlphaTauri): 12Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 27Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 51Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 55Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 23Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 7Liam Lawson (Racing Bulls): 76Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 41Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 19Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 32Lando Norris (McLaren): 57Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 66Sergio Perez (Red Bull Racing): 13Oscar Piastri (McLaren): 77Daniel Ricciardo (McLaren): 73George Russell (Mercedes): 71Logan Sargeant (Williams): 1Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 30Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 45Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 48Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 97Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 31Carlos Sainz: 68

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Loses 0.053 s per lap of tyre age after fuel correction, 0.003 s/lap more than the race median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2022202320242025
2022 Sakhir: +0.072022 Jeddah: +0.092022 Melbourne: no usable session2022 Imola: no usable session2022 Miami: -0.352022 Barcelona: -0.592022 Monaco: -1.282022 Baku: no usable session2022 Montréal: -0.212022 Silverstone: -0.672022 Spielberg: -0.152022 Le Castellet: +0.262022 Budapest: -0.382022 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.832022 Zandvoort: +0.202022 Monza: +0.832022 Marina Bay: +0.042022 Suzuka: no usable session2022 Austin: no usable session2022 Mexico City: -0.832022 São Paulo: -0.872022 Yas Island: -0.292023 Sakhir: -0.022023 Jeddah: +0.512023 Melbourne: +0.552023 Baku: +0.602023 Miami: 0.002023 Monte Carlo: +0.482023 Catalunya: +0.432023 Montreal: -0.082023 Spielberg: -0.212023 Silverstone: +0.802023 Hungaroring: -0.062023 Spa-Francorchamps: -2.132023 Zandvoort: -0.352023 Monza: -0.872023 Singapore: +1.602023 Suzuka: 0.002023 Lusail: no usable session2023 Austin: -0.042023 Mexico City: +0.492023 Interlagos: -0.532023 Las Vegas: no usable session2023 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.242024 Sakhir: +0.242024 Melbourne: +0.512024 Suzuka: +0.122024 Shanghai: +1.142024 Miami: +1.102024 Imola: +0.412024 Monte Carlo: +0.052024 Montreal: no usable session2024 Catalunya: +0.112024 Spielberg: +0.122024 Silverstone: +0.742024 Hungaroring: -0.442024 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.092024 Zandvoort: +0.392024 Monza: -0.572024 Baku: -0.322024 Singapore: +0.642024 Austin: -0.112024 Mexico City: +0.492024 Las Vegas: +1.152024 Lusail: -0.322024 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.422025 Melbourne: no usable session2025 Shanghai: +0.162025 Suzuka: 0.002025 Sakhir: -2.462025 Jeddah: +0.202025 Miami: no usable session2025 Imola: no usable session2025 Monte Carlo: +0.772025 Catalunya: +0.572025 Montreal: +0.152025 Spielberg: no usable session2025 Silverstone: +1.132025 Spa-Francorchamps: -2.212025 Hungaroring: -1.172025 Zandvoort: +0.072025 Monza: -0.712025 Baku: -0.012025 Singapore: -0.322025 Austin: no usable session2025 Mexico City: +0.552025 Interlagos: -0.212025 Las Vegas: -0.222025 Lusail: -0.012025 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.15

77 SESSIONS · 145 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

THROTTLE APPLICATION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Distance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.

50/ 100
RANK 15 OF 29 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 42–60

Higher means: Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 3Fernando Alonso (Aston Martin): 72Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 65Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 28Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 55Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 41Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 8Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 80Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 82Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 38Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 48Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 6Liam Lawson (Racing Bulls): 77Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 40Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 44Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 23Lando Norris (McLaren): 52Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 15Sergio Perez (Red Bull Racing): 99Oscar Piastri (McLaren): 31Daniel Ricciardo (McLaren): 59George Russell (Mercedes): 81Logan Sargeant (Williams): 10Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 86Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 71Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 98Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 51Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 14Carlos Sainz: 50

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Reaches full throttle 0.2 m further from the apex than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2022202320242025
2022 Sakhir: +0.292022 Jeddah: +0.262022 Melbourne: +0.092022 Imola: +0.272022 Miami: +0.102022 Barcelona: +0.032022 Monaco: +0.142022 Baku: -0.232022 Montréal: no usable session2022 Silverstone: no usable session2022 Spielberg: +0.322022 Le Castellet: +0.282022 Budapest: -0.092022 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.112022 Zandvoort: +0.062022 Monza: +0.492022 Marina Bay: -0.382022 Suzuka: -0.472022 Austin: +0.042022 Mexico City: +0.372022 São Paulo: +0.342022 Yas Island: -0.052023 Sakhir: -0.062023 Jeddah: +0.172023 Melbourne: +0.232023 Baku: -0.332023 Miami: +0.092023 Monte Carlo: +0.072023 Catalunya: -0.072023 Montreal: +0.422023 Spielberg: -0.242023 Silverstone: -0.122023 Hungaroring: -0.242023 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.112023 Zandvoort: no usable session2023 Monza: -0.012023 Singapore: +0.012023 Suzuka: +0.092023 Lusail: +0.102023 Austin: -0.172023 Mexico City: -0.362023 Interlagos: -0.472023 Las Vegas: +0.152023 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.212024 Sakhir: +0.122024 Melbourne: +0.192024 Suzuka: +0.062024 Shanghai: -0.262024 Miami: +0.152024 Imola: +0.312024 Monte Carlo: +0.092024 Montreal: -0.322024 Catalunya: -0.032024 Spielberg: -0.122024 Silverstone: -0.142024 Hungaroring: -0.142024 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2024 Zandvoort: -0.282024 Monza: -0.022024 Baku: -0.112024 Singapore: -0.222024 Austin: -0.032024 Mexico City: -0.032024 Las Vegas: +0.072024 Lusail: -0.012024 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.092025 Melbourne: +0.212025 Shanghai: -0.292025 Suzuka: -0.032025 Sakhir: +0.242025 Jeddah: +0.052025 Miami: +0.252025 Imola: +0.012025 Monte Carlo: -0.202025 Catalunya: +0.072025 Montreal: -0.322025 Spielberg: -0.272025 Silverstone: -0.062025 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.232025 Hungaroring: 0.002025 Zandvoort: -0.042025 Monza: -0.042025 Baku: no usable session2025 Singapore: -0.082025 Austin: -0.162025 Mexico City: +0.252025 Interlagos: -0.142025 Las Vegas: no usable session2025 Lusail: +0.092025 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.10

84 SESSIONS · 1580 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

BRAKING

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Where the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.

35/ 100
RANK 21 OF 29 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 22–43

Higher means: Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 22Fernando Alonso (Aston Martin): 76Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 62Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 41Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 23Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 36Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 18Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 64Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 82Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 77Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 48Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 3Liam Lawson (Racing Bulls): 51Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 67Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 34Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 19Lando Norris (McLaren): 80Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 20Sergio Perez (Red Bull Racing): 45Oscar Piastri (McLaren): 83Daniel Ricciardo (McLaren): 71George Russell (Mercedes): 72Logan Sargeant (Williams): 28Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 65Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 87Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 56Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 50Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 54Carlos Sainz: 35

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Starts braking 1.7 m earlier than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2022202320242025
2022 Sakhir: +0.562022 Jeddah: +0.172022 Melbourne: -0.012022 Imola: -0.062022 Miami: 0.002022 Barcelona: -0.212022 Monaco: -0.302022 Baku: -0.012022 Montréal: no usable session2022 Silverstone: no usable session2022 Spielberg: -0.182022 Le Castellet: +0.252022 Budapest: -0.092022 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.132022 Zandvoort: -0.652022 Monza: -0.352022 Marina Bay: -0.172022 Suzuka: +0.052022 Austin: -0.192022 Mexico City: +0.132022 São Paulo: +0.572022 Yas Island: -0.642023 Sakhir: +0.192023 Jeddah: +0.032023 Melbourne: -0.402023 Baku: -0.192023 Miami: +0.682023 Monte Carlo: -0.432023 Catalunya: -0.402023 Montreal: -0.332023 Spielberg: -0.392023 Silverstone: -0.012023 Hungaroring: -0.552023 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.732023 Zandvoort: no usable session2023 Monza: -0.032023 Singapore: -0.562023 Suzuka: -0.642023 Lusail: -1.092023 Austin: -0.072023 Mexico City: -0.072023 Interlagos: -0.622023 Las Vegas: +0.272023 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.602024 Sakhir: -0.022024 Melbourne: -0.182024 Suzuka: -0.172024 Shanghai: -0.832024 Miami: +0.122024 Imola: -0.572024 Monte Carlo: -0.252024 Montreal: +0.062024 Catalunya: +0.352024 Spielberg: -0.512024 Silverstone: -0.422024 Hungaroring: -0.312024 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2024 Zandvoort: -0.692024 Monza: -0.422024 Baku: +0.232024 Singapore: -0.792024 Austin: -0.102024 Mexico City: +0.152024 Las Vegas: +0.232024 Lusail: +0.022024 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.402025 Melbourne: -0.122025 Shanghai: -0.282025 Suzuka: -0.432025 Sakhir: +0.282025 Jeddah: -0.412025 Miami: -0.372025 Imola: +0.122025 Monte Carlo: -0.602025 Catalunya: -0.262025 Montreal: -0.962025 Spielberg: -0.592025 Silverstone: -0.212025 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.312025 Hungaroring: -0.412025 Zandvoort: -0.582025 Monza: +0.242025 Baku: no usable session2025 Singapore: -0.232025 Austin: -0.252025 Mexico City: -0.252025 Interlagos: -0.212025 Las Vegas: no usable session2025 Lusail: -0.532025 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.12

84 SESSIONS · 1522 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

CONSISTENCY

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.

89/ 100
RANK 3 OF 31 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 77–95

Higher means: Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 62Fernando Alonso (Aston Martin): 38Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 81Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 36Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 25Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 21Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 39Nyck De Vries (AlphaTauri): 33Jack Doohan (Alpine): 9Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 79Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 55Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 46Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 19Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 5Liam Lawson (Racing Bulls): 70Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 72Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 11Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 13Lando Norris (McLaren): 75Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 83Sergio Perez (Red Bull Racing): 52Oscar Piastri (McLaren): 56Daniel Ricciardo (McLaren): 31George Russell (Mercedes): 93Logan Sargeant (Williams): 16Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 68Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 42Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 97Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 78Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 20Carlos Sainz: 89

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Lap times scatter 0.290 s around the stint trend, 0.006 s looser than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2022202320242025
2022 Sakhir: +0.512022 Jeddah: -0.012022 Melbourne: no usable session2022 Imola: no usable session2022 Miami: +0.102022 Barcelona: +0.422022 Monaco: +0.702022 Baku: +1.072022 Montréal: -1.062022 Silverstone: +0.402022 Spielberg: -0.282022 Le Castellet: +0.192022 Budapest: -0.102022 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.022022 Zandvoort: -0.352022 Monza: 0.002022 Marina Bay: +0.242022 Suzuka: no usable session2022 Austin: no usable session2022 Mexico City: -0.402022 São Paulo: +1.182022 Yas Island: +0.312023 Sakhir: +0.222023 Jeddah: +1.062023 Melbourne: +0.992023 Baku: +2.792023 Miami: +0.372023 Monte Carlo: +0.242023 Catalunya: +0.012023 Montreal: -0.262023 Spielberg: +0.282023 Silverstone: -0.542023 Hungaroring: -0.222023 Spa-Francorchamps: -3.002023 Zandvoort: +0.762023 Monza: +0.022023 Singapore: -0.772023 Suzuka: +0.522023 Lusail: no usable session2023 Austin: +0.332023 Mexico City: +1.292023 Interlagos: +0.332023 Las Vegas: no usable session2023 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.162024 Sakhir: +0.312024 Melbourne: +0.302024 Suzuka: +0.402024 Shanghai: -0.832024 Miami: +0.222024 Imola: +0.302024 Monte Carlo: -0.752024 Montreal: no usable session2024 Catalunya: +0.412024 Spielberg: -0.232024 Silverstone: +0.752024 Hungaroring: +0.292024 Spa-Francorchamps: -1.142024 Zandvoort: -0.602024 Monza: -0.102024 Baku: -0.172024 Singapore: +0.242024 Austin: -1.622024 Mexico City: +0.242024 Las Vegas: +0.472024 Lusail: +0.032024 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.332025 Melbourne: no usable session2025 Shanghai: -0.262025 Suzuka: -1.742025 Sakhir: -1.022025 Jeddah: +0.672025 Miami: +2.302025 Imola: +1.152025 Monte Carlo: -1.872025 Catalunya: +0.402025 Montreal: +0.592025 Spielberg: no usable session2025 Silverstone: -0.882025 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.152025 Hungaroring: -0.472025 Zandvoort: +0.212025 Monza: -0.672025 Baku: -0.142025 Singapore: -0.462025 Austin: no usable session2025 Mexico City: +0.312025 Interlagos: +0.272025 Las Vegas: +0.262025 Lusail: +0.312025 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.93

80 SESSIONS · 157 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

STEERING SMOOTHNESS

NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO

How smoothly the driver steers through each corner.

PENDING

Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.

TEAMMATES

Same car, same sessions. Each cell is the average difference over the sessions they shared, in field-spread units: +0.30 means 0.3 of a typical field spread better on that axis. Qualifying H2H is the share of shared qualifying sessions where Sainz's best lap was faster.

TEAMMATESHAREDQUALI H2HENTRYTYRE MGMTTHROTTLEBRAKINGCONSISTENCY
Charles Leclerc121
62 Q · 59 R
34%-0.32+0.23+0.01-0.32+0.22
Alexander Albon43
22 Q · 21 R
55%0.00-0.10+0.44-0.16-0.06

SESSION LOG

Every weekend in this era. Values are the difference from that session's field in field-spread units, green better and red worse. A dash means the session was skipped (wet, or no data) or the driver had no usable laps.

WEEKENDCIRCUITTEAMQ LAPSBRAKINGENTRYTHROTTLERACE LAPSCONSISTENCYTYRE MGMT
2022 R01SakhirFerrari3+0.56+0.28+0.2938+0.51+0.07
2022 R02JeddahFerrari3+0.17+0.72+0.2633-0.01+0.09
2022 R03MelbourneFerrari3-0.01+0.45+0.09———
2022 R04ImolaFerrari2-0.06+0.49+0.27———
2022 R05MiamiFerrari30.00-0.38+0.1042+0.10-0.35
2022 R06BarcelonaFerrari3-0.21+0.14+0.0340+0.42-0.59
2022 R07MonacoFerrari2-0.30+0.25+0.1412+0.70-1.28
2022 R08BakuFerrari2-0.01+0.07-0.237+1.07—
2022 R09MontréalFerrari————40-1.06-0.21
2022 R10SilverstoneFerrari————37+0.40-0.67
2022 R11SpielbergFerrari3-0.18+0.13+0.3240-0.28-0.15
2022 R12Le CastelletFerrari1+0.25+1.08+0.2815+0.19+0.26
2022 R13BudapestFerrari3-0.09+0.56-0.0947-0.10-0.38
2022 R14Spa-FrancorchampsFerrari3+0.13+0.39+0.1129+0.02+0.83
2022 R15ZandvoortFerrari3-0.65+0.25+0.0642-0.35+0.20
2022 R16MonzaFerrari3-0.35+0.54+0.49300.00+0.83
2022 R17Marina BayFerrari1-0.17+0.27-0.3819+0.24+0.04
2022 R18SuzukaFerrari2+0.05-0.34-0.47———
2022 R19AustinFerrari3-0.19+0.60+0.04———
2022 R20Mexico CityFerrari3+0.13+0.69+0.3761-0.40-0.83
2022 R21São PauloFerrari1+0.57+0.52+0.3444+1.18-0.87
2022 R22Yas IslandFerrari3-0.640.00-0.0546+0.31-0.29
2023 R01SakhirFerrari3+0.19+0.37-0.0646+0.22-0.02
2023 R02JeddahFerrari3+0.03-0.10+0.1727+1.06+0.51
2023 R03MelbourneFerrari3-0.40+0.21+0.2321+0.99+0.55
2023 R04BakuFerrari3-0.19-0.49-0.3331+2.79+0.60
2023 R05MiamiFerrari3+0.680.00+0.0928+0.370.00
2023 R06Monte CarloFerrari3-0.43-0.07+0.0725+0.24+0.48
2023 R07CatalunyaFerrari3-0.40-0.24-0.0760+0.01+0.43
2023 R08MontrealFerrari2-0.33-0.14+0.4237-0.26-0.08
2023 R09SpielbergFerrari3-0.39-0.09-0.2447+0.28-0.21
2023 R10SilverstoneFerrari2-0.01-0.05-0.1221-0.54+0.80
2023 R11HungaroringFerrari3-0.55-0.36-0.2456-0.22-0.06
2023 R12Spa-FrancorchampsFerrari1-0.73-0.46-0.1115-3.00-2.13
2023 R13ZandvoortFerrari————26+0.76-0.35
2023 R14MonzaFerrari3-0.03+0.20-0.0146+0.02-0.87
2023 R15SingaporeFerrari3-0.56+0.31+0.0149-0.77+1.60
2023 R16SuzukaFerrari3-0.64-0.02+0.0923+0.520.00
2023 R17LusailFerrari1-1.09-0.38+0.10———
2023 R18AustinFerrari3-0.07-0.01-0.1732+0.33-0.04
2023 R19Mexico CityFerrari2-0.07+0.21-0.3655+1.29+0.49
2023 R20InterlagosFerrari3-0.62-0.21-0.4737+0.33-0.53
2023 R21Las VegasFerrari3+0.27+1.21+0.150——
2023 R22Yas Marina CircuitFerrari2-0.60-0.18-0.2137+0.16-0.24
2024 R01SakhirFerrari3-0.02+0.11+0.1238+0.31+0.24
2024 R03MelbourneFerrari3-0.18+0.83+0.1951+0.30+0.51
2024 R04SuzukaFerrari3-0.17+0.07+0.0629+0.40+0.12
2024 R05ShanghaiFerrari3-0.83+0.17-0.2631-0.83+1.14
2024 R06MiamiFerrari3+0.12-0.17+0.1527+0.22+1.10
2024 R07ImolaFerrari3-0.57+0.19+0.3153+0.30+0.41
2024 R08Monte CarloFerrari3-0.25+0.12+0.0942-0.75+0.05
2024 R09MontrealFerrari3+0.06+0.26-0.320——
2024 R10CatalunyaFerrari2+0.35+0.06-0.0346+0.41+0.11
2024 R11SpielbergFerrari3-0.51-0.13-0.1257-0.23+0.12
2024 R12SilverstoneFerrari3-0.42+0.07-0.1422+0.75+0.74
2024 R13HungaroringFerrari3-0.31-0.04-0.1458+0.29-0.44
2024 R14Spa-FrancorchampsFerrari————26-1.14+0.09
2024 R15ZandvoortFerrari3-0.69-0.15-0.2849-0.60+0.39
2024 R16MonzaFerrari3-0.42+0.04-0.0241-0.10-0.57
2024 R17BakuFerrari3+0.23+0.26-0.1136-0.17-0.32
2024 R18SingaporeFerrari3-0.79-0.15-0.2241+0.24+0.64
2024 R19AustinFerrari3-0.10+0.02-0.0345-1.62-0.11
2024 R20Mexico CityFerrari3+0.15+0.09-0.0361+0.24+0.49
2024 R22Las VegasFerrari3+0.23+0.17+0.0731+0.47+1.15
2024 R23LusailFerrari3+0.02+0.05-0.0116+0.03-0.32
2024 R24Yas Marina CircuitFerrari3-0.40+0.20-0.0951+0.33+0.42
2025 R01MelbourneWilliams3-0.12-0.06+0.21———
2025 R02ShanghaiWilliams3-0.28-0.42-0.2928-0.26+0.16
2025 R03SuzukaWilliams3-0.43-0.95-0.0315-1.740.00
2025 R04SakhirWilliams3+0.280.00+0.248-1.02-2.46
2025 R05JeddahWilliams3-0.41-0.23+0.0537+0.67+0.20
2025 R06MiamiWilliams3-0.37-0.25+0.256+2.30—
2025 R07ImolaWilliams3+0.12-0.07+0.0113+1.15—
2025 R08Monte CarloWilliams3-0.60-0.47-0.2042-1.87+0.77
2025 R09CatalunyaWilliams2-0.26-0.79+0.0739+0.40+0.57
2025 R10MontrealWilliams2-0.96-1.23-0.3227+0.59+0.15
2025 R11SpielbergWilliams3-0.59-0.96-0.27———
2025 R12SilverstoneWilliams3-0.21-0.55-0.069-0.88+1.13
2025 R13Spa-FrancorchampsWilliams3-0.31-0.50-0.2317-0.15-2.21
2025 R14HungaroringWilliams3-0.41-0.660.0034-0.47-1.17
2025 R15ZandvoortWilliams3-0.58-0.32-0.0433+0.21+0.07
2025 R16MonzaWilliams3+0.24-0.31-0.048-0.67-0.71
2025 R17BakuWilliams————39-0.14-0.01
2025 R18SingaporeWilliams3-0.23-0.54-0.0834-0.46-0.32
2025 R19AustinWilliams3-0.25-0.09-0.16———
2025 R20Mexico CityWilliams3-0.25-0.39+0.2531+0.31+0.55
2025 R21InterlagosWilliams3-0.21-0.53-0.1426+0.27-0.21
2025 R22Las VegasWilliams————38+0.26-0.22
2025 R23LusailWilliams3-0.53-0.02+0.0943+0.31-0.01
2025 R24Yas Marina CircuitWilliams3-0.12-0.20-0.1021-0.93-0.15

HOW THIS IS CALCULATED

The definitions behind every number on this page. The full specification lives with the pipeline code (backend/pipeline/signature/SPEC.md).

REGULATION ERAS

An era is a period under one set of technical rules. When the rules change, every car brakes, turns and wears its tyres differently, so a driver's style relative to the field can shift too. Signatures are therefore computed separately for each era, and the driver page shows the most recent era with at least one scored axis. These eras are defined by the car rules, separate from the storytelling eras elsewhere on the site.

ERAWHAT DEFINES ITDATA IN THIS DATASET
LATE HYBRID
2018–2021
1.6-litre V6 turbo hybrid power units, used since 2014, in the wider, higher-downforce cars on wider tyres introduced in 2017.
The era starts in 2018, the first season of the official timing archive, although its car rules date from 2017.
2018–2021
30 drivers scored
GROUND EFFECT
2022–2025
THIS PAGE
Most downforce comes from two Venturi tunnels under the floor, with simplified wings and 18-inch low-profile tyres, so that cars can follow each other more closely.
2022–2025
31 drivers scored
ACTIVE AERO
2026 onwards
Front and rear wings switch between a corner mode and a low-drag straight mode, replacing DRS. Cars are shorter, narrower and lighter (768 kg), the floor tunnels are gone, and power is split roughly half and half between combustion and electric, with the MGU-H removed and fully sustainable fuel.
Energy recovery is a bigger part of each lap: drivers lift off before braking to recharge and cars harvest at full throttle at the end of straights. Throttle and braking traces reflect energy management as well as driving style.
2026
22 drivers scored

THE FIELD

Every measurement is a difference from the other cars in the same session. Comparing within a session cancels out the track, the weather, the tyre generation and the overall speed of that year's cars, which is what makes different weekends comparable. For each corner, or each race, the driver's value has the field median subtracted and is divided by the field's spread (a robust z-score, capped at ±3). A value of +1 means one typical field spread better than the median driver.

FROM LAPS TO A SCORE

  1. Pick the laps. Qualifying: up to 3 push laps per driver, within 1% of their own best and 107% of the fastest lap, on dry tyres, not deleted for track limits and not run under red or yellow flags. Race: clean laps only, meaning not lap 1, no pit laps, no safety car, virtual safety car, red or yellow flag, dry tyres, at least 1.5 s behind the car ahead, and within 107% of the driver's stint median.
  2. Measure.Corners are the slowest points of the session's fastest lap (dips of at least 25km/h). Every lap is mapped onto that lap's line, so all drivers' brake points and apexes share one distance scale. Full throttle means 98% pedal or more, and a lift is a drop of 10points. In the race, each stint's lap times are corrected for fuel (0.055 s per lap of fuel still on board) and fitted against tyre age: the slope is degradation (at least 8 clean laps), and the scatter around the line is consistency (at least 6).
  3. Compare with the field. Each corner needs at least 8 field laps; tyre degradation is compared on the same compound when at least 4 stints used it.
  4. Combine over the era. A weighted average of the session values. An axis is only scored with at least 5 qualifying sessions and 150 lap-corners, or 5 races and 8 stints; otherwise it stays empty rather than guessed.
  5. Rank.The 0–100 score is the driver-era's percentile among every driver-era in the dataset, so 50 is typical.
  6. Confidence.The driver's sessions are resampled 400 times and re-ranked. The 90% range runs from the 5th to the 95th percentile of those ranks, and confidence is 1 minus the average width of the ranges.

COMPARISON GROUPS

ERA AVG

The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

ALL-TIME

The average of every driver-era in the dataset. Scores are ranks among those same driver-eras, so it sits at 50 on every axis by construction.

CHAMPIONS

World champions in the eras they won their titles, from the final standings of completed seasons. In the dataset: Lewis Hamilton (2018, 2019, 2020), Max Verstappen (2021, 2022, 2023, 2024), Lando Norris (2025).

TEAMMATES

The driver's teammates in this era, weighted by sessions shared. Same car, so this is the fairest comparison.

AXES

AXISMEASURESHIGHER MEANSDATA
STEERING SMOOTHNESSHow smoothly the driver steers through each corner.Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO
ENTRY AGGRESSIONSpeed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
TYRE MANAGEMENTHow fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT
THROTTLE APPLICATIONDistance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
BRAKINGWhere the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
CONSISTENCYHow much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

DATA AND COVERAGE

Source: Official F1 live-timing feed, read through TracingInsights' public FastF1 extraction (2018–2022) and the OpenF1 historical API (2023–2026). The feed gives car data (speed, throttle, brake on/off, gear) about 3.7 times a second, car positions, laps, tyre stints, gaps and race-control messages. It does not carry steering angle or brake pressure. 180 qualifying sessions and 186 races are scored.

SEASONWEEKENDSQUALIFYINGRACESNOT SCORED
20182120/2120/21
Australian qualifying: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
Australian race: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
20192121/2121/21—
20201715/1717/17
Styrian qualifying: wet
Turkish qualifying: wet
20212220/2222/22
Belgian qualifying: wet
Russian qualifying: mixed conditions, 6 drivers on dry tyres
20222220/2222/22
Canadian qualifying: wet
British qualifying: wet
20232221/2222/22
Dutch qualifying: mixed conditions, 9 drivers on dry tyres
20242422/2424/24
Belgian qualifying: wet
São Paulo qualifying: wet
20252422/2424/24
Azerbaijan qualifying: no lap data in the public feed
Las Vegas qualifying: wet
202619 (+4 still to run)19/1919/19—

KNOWN LIMITATIONS

  • The field includes faster and slower cars, so a driver in a quick car scores higher on car-sensitive measures such as minimum corner speed. The teammate comparison is where the car is held constant.
  • The braking point is not adjusted for approach speed: a driver who exits the previous corner faster arrives quicker and has to brake earlier. Braking describes style more than pace.
  • Tyre management cannot tell tyre wear apart from a driver deliberately controlling pace, so its ranges are wide.
  • From 2026, throttle and braking traces also reflect energy recovery (lifting before braking, harvesting at full throttle), not only driving style.
  • Steering smoothness needs steering angle, which no public feed carries. It is never estimated and will come from onboard video, along with seasons before 2018.

PIPELINE TIMING-0.1.0 · GENERATED 2026-11-02 · OFFICIAL F1 LIVE-TIMING FEED, READ THROUGH TRACINGINSIGHTS' PUBLIC FASTF1 EXTRACTION (2018–2022) AND THE OPENF1 HISTORICAL API (2023–2026)