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DRIVING SIGNATURE · FULL METRICS

Lance Stroll

Late hybrid era (2018–2021) · data from 2018–2021 · Racing Point, Williams, Aston Martin

LATE HYBRID · 2018–2021GROUND EFFECT · 2022–2025ACTIVE AERO · 2026

LAPS USED

2,371

QUALIFYING

71

RACES

72

AXES SCORED

5/6

CONFIDENCE

0.68

How this is calculated — the era, the field, the comparison groups and every threshold.

OVERVIEW

Each axis is a 0–100 rank among every driver-era in the dataset, built from differences to the same-session field. The 90% range is where nine in ten resampled scores land. Rank is within the late hybrid field.

STEERINGSMOOTHNESSPENDINGENTRY AGGRESSIONTYRE MANAGEMENTTHROTTLE APPLICATIONBRAKINGCONSISTENCY

DASHED: ERA AVG — The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

AXISSCORE90% RANGERANKERA AVGALL-TIMECHAMPIONSTEAMMATES
STEERINGPENDING——————
ENTRY1710–2224/3047509240
TYRE MGMT2610–6122/3053505137
THROTTLE5741–7415/3050507648
BRAKING94–1728/3049507834
CONSISTENCY6330–8211/3049508152

AXIS BY AXIS

What each axis measures, where the driver sits among this era's drivers, the raw differences behind the score, and how it moved from weekend to weekend.

ENTRY AGGRESSION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Speed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.

17/ 100
RANK 24 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 10–22

Higher means: Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 77Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 40Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 99Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 65Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 81Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 33Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 25Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 98Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 46Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 73Robert Kubica (Williams): 1Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 44Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 6Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 59Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 27Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 2Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 13Lando Norris (McLaren): 67Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 49Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 45Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 24Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 90George Russell (Williams): 22Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 52Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 4Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 61Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 15Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 93Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 66Lance Stroll: 17

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

3.6 km/h less speed as the brake comes off.

3.1 km/h lower minimum corner speed.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2018201920202021
2018 Sakhir: -1.912018 Shanghai: -0.612018 Baku: -0.692018 Barcelona: -1.102018 Monte Carlo: -0.882018 Montréal: -1.382018 Le Castellet: -0.462018 Spielberg: -0.752018 Silverstone: no usable session2018 Hockenheim: -1.242018 Budapest: -1.132018 Spa-Francorchamps: -1.292018 Monza: -0.182018 Singapore: -1.962018 Sochi: -1.572018 Suzuka: -0.822018 Austin: -1.112018 Mexico City: -1.252018 São Paulo: -1.122018 Yas Marina: -0.482019 Melbourne: -0.992019 Sakhir: -0.482019 Shanghai: -0.242019 Baku: -0.202019 Barcelona: -0.512019 Monte Carlo: -0.822019 Montréal: +0.122019 Le Castellet: -0.832019 Spielberg: -0.932019 Silverstone: -0.512019 Hockenheim: -0.162019 Budapest: -0.692019 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.892019 Monza: -0.742019 Singapore: -1.012019 Sochi: -0.552019 Suzuka: -0.092019 Mexico City: -0.832019 Austin: -0.232019 São Paulo: -0.532019 Yas Island: -0.532020 Spielberg: +0.182020 Spielberg: no usable session2020 Budapest: +0.022020 Silverstone: +0.122020 Silverstone: +0.052020 Barcelona: +0.012020 Spa-Francorchamps: -1.002020 Monza: -0.092020 Mugello: +0.182020 Sochi: -0.822020 Portimão: -0.652020 Imola: -0.852020 Sakhir: -0.752020 Sakhir: +0.022020 Yas Island: +0.032021 Sakhir: -0.062021 Imola: -0.102021 Portimão: -0.702021 Barcelona: -0.372021 Monte Carlo: -0.492021 Baku: no usable session2021 Le Castellet: no usable session2021 Spielberg: -0.662021 Spielberg: -0.642021 Silverstone: -0.312021 Budapest: -0.242021 Zandvoort: -0.272021 Monza: -0.212021 Sochi: no usable session2021 Istanbul: -0.082021 Austin: -0.742021 Mexico City: no usable session2021 São Paulo: -0.442021 Lusail: -0.702021 Jeddah: -0.992021 Yas Island: -0.57

71 SESSIONS · 1266 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

TYRE MANAGEMENT

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.

26/ 100
RANK 22 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 10–61

Higher means: Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 63Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 93Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 10Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 84Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 49Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 15Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 47Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 59Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 79Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 88Robert Kubica (Williams): 8Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 36Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 54Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 18Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 75Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 4Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 16Lando Norris (McLaren): 81Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 86Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 60Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 46Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 87George Russell (Williams): 64Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 74Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 9Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 98Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 91Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 38Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 20Lance Stroll: 26

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Loses 0.049 s per lap of tyre age after fuel correction, 0.015 s/lap more than the race median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2018201920202021
2018 Sakhir: -0.072018 Shanghai: -0.212018 Baku: +0.172018 Barcelona: -0.082018 Monte Carlo: -0.292018 Montréal: no usable session2018 Le Castellet: -1.012018 Spielberg: +0.492018 Silverstone: +0.172018 Hockenheim: -0.272018 Budapest: -0.062018 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.982018 Monza: -0.522018 Singapore: -0.012018 Sochi: -0.502018 Suzuka: -2.972018 Austin: -0.122018 Mexico City: +0.072018 São Paulo: -1.152018 Yas Marina: +0.322019 Melbourne: +0.862019 Sakhir: +0.712019 Shanghai: +0.982019 Baku: +0.142019 Barcelona: +0.492019 Monte Carlo: +1.162019 Montréal: +1.322019 Le Castellet: -1.422019 Spielberg: -0.322019 Silverstone: +1.082019 Hockenheim: no usable session2019 Budapest: -0.672019 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.112019 Monza: -0.592019 Singapore: -0.722019 Sochi: +0.842019 Suzuka: -1.142019 Mexico City: -0.482019 Austin: +0.602019 São Paulo: -0.282019 Yas Island: -2.692020 Spielberg: -3.002020 Spielberg: -0.052020 Budapest: -0.542020 Silverstone: -2.292020 Silverstone: +0.152020 Barcelona: -0.192020 Spa-Francorchamps: 0.002020 Monza: -0.552020 Mugello: -0.822020 Sochi: no usable session2020 Portimão: -1.062020 Imola: -1.382020 Sakhir: no usable session2020 Sakhir: 0.002020 Yas Island: -0.042021 Sakhir: -1.102021 Imola: +3.002021 Portimão: 0.002021 Barcelona: 0.002021 Monte Carlo: +0.842021 Baku: +3.002021 Le Castellet: +0.662021 Spielberg: +0.132021 Spielberg: -0.522021 Silverstone: -0.472021 Budapest: no usable session2021 Zandvoort: no usable session2021 Monza: +0.042021 Sochi: -0.592021 Istanbul: no usable session2021 Austin: -0.262021 Mexico City: -1.132021 São Paulo: -3.002021 Lusail: -0.032021 Jeddah: +0.762021 Yas Island: -0.01

70 SESSIONS · 117 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

THROTTLE APPLICATION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Distance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.

57/ 100
RANK 15 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 41–74

Higher means: Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 39Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 76Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 75Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 61Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 87Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 22Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 66Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 60Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 73Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 56Robert Kubica (Williams): 2Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 97Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 18Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 30Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 27Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 1Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 4Lando Norris (McLaren): 45Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 9Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 64Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 36Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 67George Russell (Williams): 35Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 62Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 13Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 91Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 70Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 94Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 54Lance Stroll: 57

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Reaches full throttle 1.7 m further from the apex than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2018201920202021
2018 Sakhir: -0.662018 Shanghai: +0.282018 Baku: -0.382018 Barcelona: -0.562018 Monte Carlo: +0.162018 Montréal: -0.132018 Le Castellet: -0.082018 Spielberg: -0.342018 Silverstone: no usable session2018 Hockenheim: -0.352018 Budapest: -0.162018 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.512018 Monza: +0.192018 Singapore: -0.502018 Sochi: -0.662018 Suzuka: -0.132018 Austin: -0.252018 Mexico City: -0.502018 São Paulo: -0.892018 Yas Marina: +0.312019 Melbourne: -0.632019 Sakhir: -0.162019 Shanghai: +0.092019 Baku: -0.062019 Barcelona: +0.082019 Monte Carlo: -0.042019 Montréal: +0.282019 Le Castellet: +0.852019 Spielberg: -0.042019 Silverstone: +0.162019 Hockenheim: -0.142019 Budapest: +0.622019 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.572019 Monza: +0.192019 Singapore: -0.282019 Sochi: +0.132019 Suzuka: -0.122019 Mexico City: -0.402019 Austin: +0.032019 São Paulo: -0.062019 Yas Island: +0.522020 Spielberg: -0.142020 Spielberg: no usable session2020 Budapest: +0.312020 Silverstone: -0.072020 Silverstone: -0.072020 Barcelona: +0.052020 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.172020 Monza: +0.142020 Mugello: -1.152020 Sochi: +0.132020 Portimão: +0.212020 Imola: +0.142020 Sakhir: +0.202020 Sakhir: +0.472020 Yas Island: +0.482021 Sakhir: +0.382021 Imola: +0.112021 Portimão: -0.152021 Barcelona: +0.392021 Monte Carlo: -0.082021 Baku: no usable session2021 Le Castellet: no usable session2021 Spielberg: +0.232021 Spielberg: +0.222021 Silverstone: +0.282021 Budapest: +0.102021 Zandvoort: +0.072021 Monza: +0.272021 Sochi: no usable session2021 Istanbul: +0.232021 Austin: -0.142021 Mexico City: no usable session2021 São Paulo: -0.032021 Lusail: +0.172021 Jeddah: +0.312021 Yas Island: +0.49

71 SESSIONS · 1204 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

BRAKING

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Where the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.

9/ 100
RANK 28 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 4–17

Higher means: Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 38Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 60Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 86Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 55Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 90Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 29Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 61Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 97Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 99Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 46Robert Kubica (Williams): 14Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 70Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 15Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 59Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 10Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 1Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 2Lando Norris (McLaren): 88Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 24Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 31Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 33Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 73George Russell (Williams): 27Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 49Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 30Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 92Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 66Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 78Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 43Lance Stroll: 9

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Starts braking 5.3 m earlier than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2018201920202021
2018 Sakhir: -1.342018 Shanghai: -0.812018 Baku: -0.372018 Barcelona: -0.692018 Monte Carlo: -0.192018 Montréal: -0.842018 Le Castellet: -0.272018 Spielberg: -0.982018 Silverstone: no usable session2018 Hockenheim: -0.092018 Budapest: -0.542018 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.342018 Monza: +0.202018 Singapore: -0.472018 Sochi: -0.632018 Suzuka: -0.672018 Austin: -0.342018 Mexico City: -0.192018 São Paulo: -0.042018 Yas Marina: +0.022019 Melbourne: -0.702019 Sakhir: -0.702019 Shanghai: +0.052019 Baku: +0.272019 Barcelona: +0.412019 Monte Carlo: -0.182019 Montréal: +0.112019 Le Castellet: -0.752019 Spielberg: -0.192019 Silverstone: -0.552019 Hockenheim: -0.182019 Budapest: -0.122019 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.342019 Monza: -0.652019 Singapore: -0.262019 Sochi: -0.792019 Suzuka: -1.502019 Mexico City: +0.292019 Austin: -0.662019 São Paulo: -0.122019 Yas Island: -0.432020 Spielberg: -0.252020 Spielberg: no usable session2020 Budapest: -0.312020 Silverstone: -0.462020 Silverstone: -1.182020 Barcelona: -0.642020 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.012020 Monza: -0.232020 Mugello: -0.022020 Sochi: -0.532020 Portimão: -0.512020 Imola: -0.632020 Sakhir: -0.672020 Sakhir: -0.252020 Yas Island: -0.162021 Sakhir: -0.142021 Imola: -0.762021 Portimão: -1.192021 Barcelona: -0.702021 Monte Carlo: -0.522021 Baku: no usable session2021 Le Castellet: no usable session2021 Spielberg: +0.042021 Spielberg: -0.852021 Silverstone: -0.532021 Budapest: -0.332021 Zandvoort: -0.372021 Monza: +0.242021 Sochi: no usable session2021 Istanbul: +0.182021 Austin: -0.612021 Mexico City: no usable session2021 São Paulo: -0.442021 Lusail: -0.742021 Jeddah: -0.792021 Yas Island: -0.66

71 SESSIONS · 1100 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

CONSISTENCY

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.

63/ 100
RANK 11 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 30–82

Higher means: Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 40Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 45Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 44Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 22Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 67Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 51Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 34Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 57Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 30Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 49Robert Kubica (Williams): 4Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 66Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 14Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 64Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 32Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 1Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 3Lando Norris (McLaren): 87Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 85Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 60Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 48Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 73George Russell (Williams): 17Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 86Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 7Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 58Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 80Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 95Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 84Lance Stroll: 63

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Lap times scatter 0.398 s around the stint trend, 0.071 s looser than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2018201920202021
2018 Sakhir: -0.332018 Shanghai: +0.222018 Baku: +0.452018 Barcelona: +0.052018 Monte Carlo: -1.952018 Montréal: no usable session2018 Le Castellet: -2.322018 Spielberg: -0.642018 Silverstone: -1.392018 Hockenheim: -0.492018 Budapest: -0.072018 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.282018 Monza: +0.152018 Singapore: +1.022018 Sochi: -0.782018 Suzuka: -0.242018 Austin: -0.992018 Mexico City: -0.392018 São Paulo: -3.002018 Yas Marina: +0.512019 Melbourne: -0.112019 Sakhir: +0.232019 Shanghai: -0.162019 Baku: +0.182019 Barcelona: +0.242019 Monte Carlo: +0.682019 Montréal: +0.122019 Le Castellet: +1.382019 Spielberg: -1.662019 Silverstone: +0.742019 Hockenheim: -3.002019 Budapest: +0.532019 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.592019 Monza: +0.362019 Singapore: +0.022019 Sochi: +0.652019 Suzuka: -0.072019 Mexico City: -0.582019 Austin: -0.402019 São Paulo: -0.202019 Yas Island: -0.902020 Spielberg: -3.002020 Spielberg: +0.842020 Budapest: +0.702020 Silverstone: -0.752020 Silverstone: +0.182020 Barcelona: +0.342020 Spa-Francorchamps: -1.912020 Monza: +0.682020 Mugello: +0.792020 Sochi: no usable session2020 Portimão: -2.922020 Imola: -0.782020 Sakhir: no usable session2020 Sakhir: +0.972020 Yas Island: -0.972021 Sakhir: +0.272021 Imola: -0.812021 Portimão: +0.602021 Barcelona: +0.122021 Monte Carlo: +1.002021 Baku: -0.682021 Le Castellet: -0.212021 Spielberg: +0.432021 Spielberg: +0.092021 Silverstone: +0.052021 Budapest: no usable session2021 Zandvoort: -2.772021 Monza: +0.672021 Sochi: +0.252021 Istanbul: no usable session2021 Austin: -0.672021 Mexico City: -0.682021 São Paulo: -2.012021 Lusail: +0.472021 Jeddah: 0.002021 Yas Island: +0.32

72 SESSIONS · 126 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

STEERING SMOOTHNESS

NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO

How smoothly the driver steers through each corner.

PENDING

Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.

TEAMMATES

Same car, same sessions. Each cell is the average difference over the sessions they shared, in field-spread units: +0.30 means 0.3 of a typical field spread better on that axis. Qualifying H2H is the share of shared qualifying sessions where Stroll's best lap was faster.

TEAMMATESHAREDQUALI H2HENTRYTYRE MGMTTHROTTLEBRAKINGCONSISTENCY
Sergio Perez64
33 Q · 31 R
18%-0.23-0.43+0.15-0.05+0.18
Sergey Sirotkin37
19 Q · 18 R
42%-0.18+0.01-0.07-0.24+0.49
Sebastian Vettel36
17 Q · 19 R
41%-0.38-0.24+0.18-0.21-0.46
Nico Hulkenberg3
2 Q · 1 R
50%+0.15+0.54+0.14-0.90+0.34

SESSION LOG

Every weekend in this era. Values are the difference from that session's field in field-spread units, green better and red worse. A dash means the session was skipped (wet, or no data) or the driver had no usable laps.

WEEKENDCIRCUITTEAMQ LAPSBRAKINGENTRYTHROTTLERACE LAPSCONSISTENCYTYRE MGMT
2018 R02SakhirWilliams2-1.34-1.91-0.6621-0.33-0.07
2018 R03ShanghaiWilliams2-0.81-0.61+0.2833+0.22-0.21
2018 R04BakuWilliams2-0.37-0.69-0.3812+0.45+0.17
2018 R05BarcelonaWilliams2-0.69-1.10-0.5649+0.05-0.08
2018 R06Monte CarloWilliams1-0.19-0.88+0.1657-1.95-0.29
2018 R07MontréalWilliams2-0.84-1.38-0.13———
2018 R08Le CastelletWilliams2-0.27-0.46-0.0835-2.32-1.01
2018 R09SpielbergWilliams3-0.98-0.75-0.3437-0.64+0.49
2018 R10SilverstoneWilliams————19-1.39+0.17
2018 R11HockenheimWilliams2-0.09-1.24-0.3535-0.49-0.27
2018 R12BudapestWilliams1-0.54-1.13-0.1654-0.07-0.06
2018 R13Spa-FrancorchampsWilliams2-0.34-1.29-0.5126-0.28+0.98
2018 R14MonzaWilliams3+0.20-0.18+0.1934+0.15-0.52
2018 R15SingaporeWilliams1-0.47-1.96-0.5052+1.02-0.01
2018 R16SochiWilliams1-0.63-1.57-0.6635-0.78-0.50
2018 R17SuzukaWilliams3-0.67-0.82-0.1334-0.24-2.97
2018 R18AustinWilliams1-0.34-1.11-0.2515-0.99-0.12
2018 R19Mexico CityWilliams1-0.19-1.25-0.5030-0.39+0.07
2018 R20São PauloWilliams2-0.04-1.12-0.8934-3.00-1.15
2018 R21Yas MarinaWilliams1+0.02-0.48+0.3134+0.51+0.32
2019 R01MelbourneRacing Point2-0.70-0.99-0.6326-0.11+0.86
2019 R02SakhirRacing Point2-0.70-0.48-0.1639+0.23+0.71
2019 R03ShanghaiRacing Point2+0.05-0.24+0.0937-0.16+0.98
2019 R04BakuRacing Point2+0.27-0.20-0.0634+0.18+0.14
2019 R05BarcelonaRacing Point3+0.41-0.51+0.0832+0.24+0.49
2019 R06Monte CarloRacing Point2-0.18-0.82-0.0436+0.68+1.16
2019 R07MontréalRacing Point2+0.11+0.12+0.2850+0.12+1.32
2019 R08Le CastelletRacing Point1-0.75-0.83+0.8535+1.38-1.42
2019 R09SpielbergRacing Point2-0.19-0.93-0.0448-1.66-0.32
2019 R10SilverstoneRacing Point3-0.55-0.51+0.1612+0.74+1.08
2019 R11HockenheimRacing Point3-0.18-0.16-0.149-3.00—
2019 R12BudapestRacing Point1-0.12-0.69+0.6211+0.53-0.67
2019 R13Spa-FrancorchampsRacing Point2-0.34-0.89+0.578+0.59-0.11
2019 R14MonzaRacing Point3-0.65-0.74+0.1931+0.36-0.59
2019 R15SingaporeRacing Point3-0.26-1.01-0.2815+0.02-0.72
2019 R16SochiRacing Point3-0.79-0.55+0.1313+0.65+0.84
2019 R17SuzukaRacing Point3-1.50-0.09-0.1214-0.07-1.14
2019 R18Mexico CityRacing Point3+0.29-0.83-0.4054-0.58-0.48
2019 R19AustinRacing Point3-0.66-0.23+0.0333-0.40+0.60
2019 R20São PauloRacing Point3-0.12-0.53-0.0642-0.20-0.28
2019 R21Yas IslandRacing Point3-0.43-0.53+0.5228-0.90-2.69
2020 R01SpielbergRacing Point3-0.25+0.18-0.1411-3.00-3.00
2020 R02SpielbergRacing Point————21+0.84-0.05
2020 R03BudapestRacing Point3-0.31+0.02+0.3151+0.70-0.54
2020 R04SilverstoneRacing Point3-0.46+0.12-0.0714-0.75-2.29
2020 R05SilverstoneRacing Point3-1.18+0.05-0.0744+0.18+0.15
2020 R06BarcelonaRacing Point3-0.64+0.01+0.0554+0.34-0.19
2020 R07Spa-FrancorchampsRacing Point3-0.01-1.00-0.1728-1.910.00
2020 R08MonzaRacing Point2-0.23-0.09+0.1428+0.68-0.55
2020 R09MugelloRacing Point3-0.02+0.18-1.1519+0.79-0.82
2020 R10SochiRacing Point2-0.53-0.82+0.13———
2020 R12PortimãoRacing Point3-0.51-0.65+0.2124-2.92-1.06
2020 R13ImolaRacing Point3-0.63-0.85+0.1428-0.78-1.38
2020 R15SakhirRacing Point2-0.67-0.75+0.20———
2020 R16SakhirRacing Point3-0.25+0.02+0.4715+0.970.00
2020 R17Yas IslandRacing Point3-0.16+0.03+0.4829-0.97-0.04
2021 R01SakhirAston Martin2-0.14-0.06+0.3833+0.27-1.10
2021 R02ImolaAston Martin3-0.76-0.10+0.1116-0.81+3.00
2021 R03PortimãoAston Martin3-1.19-0.70-0.1537+0.600.00
2021 R04BarcelonaAston Martin3-0.70-0.37+0.3928+0.120.00
2021 R05Monte CarloAston Martin3-0.52-0.49-0.0862+1.00+0.84
2021 R06BakuAston Martin————22-0.68+3.00
2021 R07Le CastelletAston Martin————28-0.21+0.66
2021 R08SpielbergAston Martin3+0.04-0.66+0.2365+0.43+0.13
2021 R09SpielbergAston Martin3-0.85-0.64+0.2233+0.09-0.52
2021 R10SilverstoneAston Martin3-0.53-0.31+0.289+0.05-0.47
2021 R11BudapestAston Martin3-0.33-0.24+0.10———
2021 R13ZandvoortAston Martin3-0.37-0.27+0.076-2.77—
2021 R14MonzaAston Martin3+0.24-0.21+0.2735+0.67+0.04
2021 R15SochiAston Martin————23+0.25-0.59
2021 R16IstanbulAston Martin3+0.18-0.08+0.23———
2021 R17AustinAston Martin1-0.61-0.74-0.1442-0.67-0.26
2021 R18Mexico CityAston Martin————44-0.68-1.13
2021 R19São PauloAston Martin3-0.44-0.44-0.0320-2.01-3.00
2021 R20LusailAston Martin3-0.74-0.70+0.1717+0.47-0.03
2021 R21JeddahAston Martin3-0.79-0.99+0.31230.00+0.76
2021 R22Yas IslandAston Martin3-0.66-0.57+0.4937+0.32-0.01

HOW THIS IS CALCULATED

The definitions behind every number on this page. The full specification lives with the pipeline code (backend/pipeline/signature/SPEC.md).

REGULATION ERAS

An era is a period under one set of technical rules. When the rules change, every car brakes, turns and wears its tyres differently, so a driver's style relative to the field can shift too. Signatures are therefore computed separately for each era, and the driver page shows the most recent era with at least one scored axis. These eras are defined by the car rules, separate from the storytelling eras elsewhere on the site.

ERAWHAT DEFINES ITDATA IN THIS DATASET
LATE HYBRID
2018–2021
THIS PAGE
1.6-litre V6 turbo hybrid power units, used since 2014, in the wider, higher-downforce cars on wider tyres introduced in 2017.
The era starts in 2018, the first season of the official timing archive, although its car rules date from 2017.
2018–2021
30 drivers scored
GROUND EFFECT
2022–2025
Most downforce comes from two Venturi tunnels under the floor, with simplified wings and 18-inch low-profile tyres, so that cars can follow each other more closely.
2022–2025
31 drivers scored
ACTIVE AERO
2026 onwards
Front and rear wings switch between a corner mode and a low-drag straight mode, replacing DRS. Cars are shorter, narrower and lighter (768 kg), the floor tunnels are gone, and power is split roughly half and half between combustion and electric, with the MGU-H removed and fully sustainable fuel.
Energy recovery is a bigger part of each lap: drivers lift off before braking to recharge and cars harvest at full throttle at the end of straights. Throttle and braking traces reflect energy management as well as driving style.
2026
22 drivers scored

THE FIELD

Every measurement is a difference from the other cars in the same session. Comparing within a session cancels out the track, the weather, the tyre generation and the overall speed of that year's cars, which is what makes different weekends comparable. For each corner, or each race, the driver's value has the field median subtracted and is divided by the field's spread (a robust z-score, capped at ±3). A value of +1 means one typical field spread better than the median driver.

FROM LAPS TO A SCORE

  1. Pick the laps. Qualifying: up to 3 push laps per driver, within 1% of their own best and 107% of the fastest lap, on dry tyres, not deleted for track limits and not run under red or yellow flags. Race: clean laps only, meaning not lap 1, no pit laps, no safety car, virtual safety car, red or yellow flag, dry tyres, at least 1.5 s behind the car ahead, and within 107% of the driver's stint median.
  2. Measure.Corners are the slowest points of the session's fastest lap (dips of at least 25km/h). Every lap is mapped onto that lap's line, so all drivers' brake points and apexes share one distance scale. Full throttle means 98% pedal or more, and a lift is a drop of 10points. In the race, each stint's lap times are corrected for fuel (0.055 s per lap of fuel still on board) and fitted against tyre age: the slope is degradation (at least 8 clean laps), and the scatter around the line is consistency (at least 6).
  3. Compare with the field. Each corner needs at least 8 field laps; tyre degradation is compared on the same compound when at least 4 stints used it.
  4. Combine over the era. A weighted average of the session values. An axis is only scored with at least 5 qualifying sessions and 150 lap-corners, or 5 races and 8 stints; otherwise it stays empty rather than guessed.
  5. Rank.The 0–100 score is the driver-era's percentile among every driver-era in the dataset, so 50 is typical.
  6. Confidence.The driver's sessions are resampled 400 times and re-ranked. The 90% range runs from the 5th to the 95th percentile of those ranks, and confidence is 1 minus the average width of the ranges.

COMPARISON GROUPS

ERA AVG

The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

ALL-TIME

The average of every driver-era in the dataset. Scores are ranks among those same driver-eras, so it sits at 50 on every axis by construction.

CHAMPIONS

World champions in the eras they won their titles, from the final standings of completed seasons. In the dataset: Lewis Hamilton (2018, 2019, 2020), Max Verstappen (2021, 2022, 2023, 2024), Lando Norris (2025).

TEAMMATES

The driver's teammates in this era, weighted by sessions shared. Same car, so this is the fairest comparison.

AXES

AXISMEASURESHIGHER MEANSDATA
STEERING SMOOTHNESSHow smoothly the driver steers through each corner.Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO
ENTRY AGGRESSIONSpeed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
TYRE MANAGEMENTHow fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT
THROTTLE APPLICATIONDistance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
BRAKINGWhere the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
CONSISTENCYHow much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

DATA AND COVERAGE

Source: Official F1 live-timing feed, read through TracingInsights' public FastF1 extraction (2018–2022) and the OpenF1 historical API (2023–2026). The feed gives car data (speed, throttle, brake on/off, gear) about 3.7 times a second, car positions, laps, tyre stints, gaps and race-control messages. It does not carry steering angle or brake pressure. 180 qualifying sessions and 186 races are scored.

SEASONWEEKENDSQUALIFYINGRACESNOT SCORED
20182120/2120/21
Australian qualifying: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
Australian race: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
20192121/2121/21—
20201715/1717/17
Styrian qualifying: wet
Turkish qualifying: wet
20212220/2222/22
Belgian qualifying: wet
Russian qualifying: mixed conditions, 6 drivers on dry tyres
20222220/2222/22
Canadian qualifying: wet
British qualifying: wet
20232221/2222/22
Dutch qualifying: mixed conditions, 9 drivers on dry tyres
20242422/2424/24
Belgian qualifying: wet
São Paulo qualifying: wet
20252422/2424/24
Azerbaijan qualifying: no lap data in the public feed
Las Vegas qualifying: wet
202619 (+4 still to run)19/1919/19—

KNOWN LIMITATIONS

  • The field includes faster and slower cars, so a driver in a quick car scores higher on car-sensitive measures such as minimum corner speed. The teammate comparison is where the car is held constant.
  • The braking point is not adjusted for approach speed: a driver who exits the previous corner faster arrives quicker and has to brake earlier. Braking describes style more than pace.
  • Tyre management cannot tell tyre wear apart from a driver deliberately controlling pace, so its ranges are wide.
  • From 2026, throttle and braking traces also reflect energy recovery (lifting before braking, harvesting at full throttle), not only driving style.
  • Steering smoothness needs steering angle, which no public feed carries. It is never estimated and will come from onboard video, along with seasons before 2018.

PIPELINE TIMING-0.1.0 · GENERATED 2026-11-02 · OFFICIAL F1 LIVE-TIMING FEED, READ THROUGH TRACINGINSIGHTS' PUBLIC FASTF1 EXTRACTION (2018–2022) AND THE OPENF1 HISTORICAL API (2023–2026)