f(x)
f(1)/DRIVERS/PEREZ/SIGNATURE
← DRIVER PAGE

DRIVING SIGNATURE · FULL METRICS

Sergio Perez

Late hybrid era (2018–2021) · data from 2018–2021 · Racing Point, Red Bull Racing, Force India

LATE HYBRID · 2018–2021GROUND EFFECT · 2022–2024ACTIVE AERO · 2026

LAPS USED

2,323

QUALIFYING

74

RACES

73

AXES SCORED

5/6

CONFIDENCE

0.68

How this is calculated — the era, the field, the comparison groups and every threshold.

OVERVIEW

Each axis is a 0–100 rank among every driver-era in the dataset, built from differences to the same-session field. The 90% range is where nine in ten resampled scores land. Rank is within the late hybrid field.

STEERINGSMOOTHNESSPENDINGENTRY AGGRESSIONTYRE MANAGEMENTTHROTTLE APPLICATIONBRAKINGCONSISTENCY

DASHED: ERA AVG — The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

AXISSCORE90% RANGERANKERA AVGALL-TIMECHAMPIONSTEAMMATES
STEERINGPENDING——————
ENTRY4541–4816/3047509247
TYRE MGMT6030–8314/3053505146
THROTTLE6448–7811/3050507654
BRAKING3121–4320/3049507832
CONSISTENCY6030–7712/3049508177

AXIS BY AXIS

What each axis measures, where the driver sits among this era's drivers, the raw differences behind the score, and how it moved from weekend to weekend.

ENTRY AGGRESSION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Speed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.

45/ 100
RANK 16 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 41–48

Higher means: Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 77Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 40Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 99Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 65Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 81Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 33Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 25Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 98Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 46Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 73Robert Kubica (Williams): 1Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 44Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 6Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 59Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 27Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 2Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 13Lando Norris (McLaren): 67Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 49Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 24Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 90George Russell (Williams): 22Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 52Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 4Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 17Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 61Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 15Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 93Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 66Sergio Perez: 45

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

1.1 km/h less speed as the brake comes off.

1.0 km/h lower minimum corner speed.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2018201920202021
2018 Sakhir: -0.702018 Shanghai: -0.482018 Baku: +0.272018 Barcelona: -0.692018 Monte Carlo: -0.202018 Montréal: -0.692018 Le Castellet: -0.462018 Spielberg: -0.912018 Silverstone: -0.612018 Hockenheim: -0.282018 Budapest: -0.862018 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.102018 Monza: -0.802018 Singapore: -0.102018 Sochi: -0.462018 Suzuka: -0.382018 Austin: -0.512018 Mexico City: +0.172018 São Paulo: -0.442018 Yas Marina: -0.612019 Melbourne: -0.462019 Sakhir: -0.472019 Shanghai: +0.212019 Baku: -0.262019 Barcelona: -0.422019 Monte Carlo: -0.712019 Montréal: -0.532019 Le Castellet: -0.322019 Spielberg: -0.672019 Silverstone: -0.572019 Hockenheim: -0.222019 Budapest: -0.322019 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.052019 Monza: -1.122019 Singapore: -0.242019 Sochi: -0.552019 Suzuka: -0.452019 Mexico City: +0.252019 Austin: -0.482019 São Paulo: -0.362019 Yas Island: -0.212020 Spielberg: -0.042020 Spielberg: no usable session2020 Budapest: -0.142020 Barcelona: -0.022020 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.012020 Monza: -0.112020 Mugello: +0.132020 Sochi: +0.322020 Nürburgring: +0.052020 Portimão: +0.042020 Imola: -0.232020 Sakhir: -0.412020 Sakhir: +0.422020 Yas Island: +0.232021 Sakhir: +0.362021 Imola: +0.692021 Portimão: +0.562021 Barcelona: +0.442021 Monte Carlo: -0.032021 Baku: +0.012021 Le Castellet: +0.372021 Spielberg: +0.802021 Spielberg: +0.772021 Silverstone: +0.502021 Budapest: +0.542021 Zandvoort: +0.082021 Monza: -0.232021 Sochi: no usable session2021 Istanbul: +0.152021 Austin: +0.432021 Mexico City: +0.232021 São Paulo: +0.092021 Lusail: +0.062021 Jeddah: 0.002021 Yas Island: -0.31

74 SESSIONS · 1463 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

TYRE MANAGEMENT

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.

60/ 100
RANK 14 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 30–83

Higher means: Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 63Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 93Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 10Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 84Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 49Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 15Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 47Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 59Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 79Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 88Robert Kubica (Williams): 8Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 36Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 54Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 18Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 75Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 4Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 16Lando Norris (McLaren): 81Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 86Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 46Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 87George Russell (Williams): 64Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 74Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 9Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 26Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 98Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 91Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 38Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 20Sergio Perez: 60

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Loses 0.042 s per lap of tyre age after fuel correction, 0.000 s/lap less than the race median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2018201920202021
2018 Sakhir: -1.482018 Shanghai: -2.112018 Baku: +0.682018 Barcelona: -0.932018 Monte Carlo: -0.272018 Montréal: -0.522018 Le Castellet: +0.672018 Spielberg: +0.222018 Silverstone: -0.852018 Hockenheim: +0.582018 Budapest: -0.302018 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.372018 Monza: +0.882018 Singapore: -1.042018 Sochi: -1.632018 Suzuka: +0.542018 Austin: +0.642018 Mexico City: -1.662018 São Paulo: -0.652018 Yas Marina: -0.332019 Melbourne: +1.782019 Sakhir: +0.712019 Shanghai: +0.302019 Baku: +0.482019 Barcelona: -0.112019 Monte Carlo: -0.242019 Montréal: +0.492019 Le Castellet: -1.112019 Spielberg: -0.062019 Silverstone: +0.102019 Hockenheim: no usable session2019 Budapest: -0.162019 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.672019 Monza: -0.152019 Singapore: +1.062019 Sochi: +0.212019 Suzuka: no usable session2019 Mexico City: +0.492019 Austin: -0.402019 São Paulo: +0.922019 Yas Island: +0.442020 Spielberg: -0.052020 Spielberg: -0.072020 Budapest: -0.342020 Barcelona: +0.822020 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.422020 Monza: no usable session2020 Mugello: -0.122020 Sochi: +0.322020 Nürburgring: +1.542020 Portimão: -0.822020 Imola: +1.162020 Sakhir: -0.662020 Sakhir: +0.422020 Yas Island: no usable session2021 Sakhir: +0.152021 Imola: no usable session2021 Portimão: -0.312021 Barcelona: +1.732021 Monte Carlo: +0.852021 Baku: -1.012021 Le Castellet: +0.292021 Spielberg: -0.422021 Spielberg: +0.222021 Silverstone: no usable session2021 Budapest: no usable session2021 Zandvoort: -1.252021 Monza: +0.472021 Sochi: +1.212021 Istanbul: no usable session2021 Austin: -0.202021 Mexico City: -0.162021 São Paulo: +0.382021 Lusail: -1.302021 Jeddah: no usable session2021 Yas Island: -0.74

67 SESSIONS · 117 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

THROTTLE APPLICATION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Distance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.

64/ 100
RANK 11 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 48–78

Higher means: Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 39Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 76Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 75Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 61Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 87Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 22Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 66Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 60Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 73Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 56Robert Kubica (Williams): 2Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 97Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 18Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 30Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 27Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 1Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 4Lando Norris (McLaren): 45Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 9Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 36Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 67George Russell (Williams): 35Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 62Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 13Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 57Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 91Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 70Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 94Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 54Sergio Perez: 64

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Reaches full throttle 0.2 m closer to the apex than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2018201920202021
2018 Sakhir: +0.172018 Shanghai: -0.052018 Baku: -0.082018 Barcelona: -0.512018 Monte Carlo: -0.182018 Montréal: +0.182018 Le Castellet: -0.302018 Spielberg: +0.222018 Silverstone: +0.022018 Hockenheim: +0.262018 Budapest: +0.442018 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.252018 Monza: +0.332018 Singapore: +0.122018 Sochi: +0.312018 Suzuka: +0.042018 Austin: -0.182018 Mexico City: +0.352018 São Paulo: -0.472018 Yas Marina: -0.212019 Melbourne: -0.012019 Sakhir: -0.232019 Shanghai: +0.072019 Baku: 0.002019 Barcelona: -0.202019 Monte Carlo: -0.062019 Montréal: +0.592019 Le Castellet: +0.192019 Spielberg: +0.062019 Silverstone: -0.082019 Hockenheim: +0.302019 Budapest: +0.282019 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.372019 Monza: -0.192019 Singapore: -0.182019 Sochi: +0.022019 Suzuka: -0.262019 Mexico City: -0.452019 Austin: -0.662019 São Paulo: -0.052019 Yas Island: +0.212020 Spielberg: +0.262020 Spielberg: no usable session2020 Budapest: +0.012020 Barcelona: -0.492020 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.962020 Monza: +0.162020 Mugello: -1.252020 Sochi: +0.062020 Nürburgring: +0.122020 Portimão: +0.052020 Imola: -0.192020 Sakhir: +0.322020 Sakhir: +0.352020 Yas Island: +0.162021 Sakhir: +0.232021 Imola: +0.022021 Portimão: +0.112021 Barcelona: +0.462021 Monte Carlo: +0.392021 Baku: +0.312021 Le Castellet: +0.512021 Spielberg: 0.002021 Spielberg: +0.252021 Silverstone: +0.272021 Budapest: -0.022021 Zandvoort: -0.092021 Monza: -0.172021 Sochi: no usable session2021 Istanbul: +0.502021 Austin: +0.382021 Mexico City: +0.402021 São Paulo: +0.622021 Lusail: +0.232021 Jeddah: +0.222021 Yas Island: +0.41

74 SESSIONS · 1389 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

BRAKING

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Where the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.

31/ 100
RANK 20 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 21–43

Higher means: Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 38Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 60Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 86Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 55Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 90Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 29Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 61Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 97Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 99Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 46Robert Kubica (Williams): 14Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 70Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 15Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 59Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 10Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 1Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 2Lando Norris (McLaren): 88Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 24Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 33Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 73George Russell (Williams): 27Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 49Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 30Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 9Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 92Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 66Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 78Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 43Sergio Perez: 31

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Starts braking 1.3 m earlier than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2018201920202021
2018 Sakhir: +0.262018 Shanghai: +0.182018 Baku: +0.232018 Barcelona: -0.902018 Monte Carlo: +0.042018 Montréal: +0.552018 Le Castellet: -0.122018 Spielberg: -0.652018 Silverstone: -0.452018 Hockenheim: -0.432018 Budapest: -0.512018 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.692018 Monza: -0.862018 Singapore: -0.432018 Sochi: -0.352018 Suzuka: -0.132018 Austin: +0.042018 Mexico City: -0.712018 São Paulo: +0.112018 Yas Marina: +0.182019 Melbourne: -0.042019 Sakhir: -0.352019 Shanghai: +0.082019 Baku: -0.312019 Barcelona: -0.232019 Monte Carlo: -0.102019 Montréal: -0.272019 Le Castellet: -0.232019 Spielberg: -0.402019 Silverstone: -0.322019 Hockenheim: -0.382019 Budapest: +0.162019 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.182019 Monza: -1.212019 Singapore: +0.342019 Sochi: -0.612019 Suzuka: -1.582019 Mexico City: -0.262019 Austin: -0.142019 São Paulo: -0.332019 Yas Island: -0.292020 Spielberg: -0.222020 Spielberg: no usable session2020 Budapest: -0.202020 Barcelona: -0.262020 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.512020 Monza: -0.102020 Mugello: +0.212020 Sochi: -0.192020 Nürburgring: -0.682020 Portimão: -0.342020 Imola: -0.202020 Sakhir: -0.122020 Sakhir: -0.742020 Yas Island: -0.222021 Sakhir: -0.682021 Imola: -0.012021 Portimão: +0.212021 Barcelona: +0.332021 Monte Carlo: +0.102021 Baku: -0.632021 Le Castellet: -0.262021 Spielberg: -0.382021 Spielberg: +0.062021 Silverstone: -0.332021 Budapest: +0.262021 Zandvoort: -0.192021 Monza: -0.592021 Sochi: no usable session2021 Istanbul: +0.082021 Austin: +0.142021 Mexico City: -0.602021 São Paulo: 0.002021 Lusail: +0.222021 Jeddah: +0.092021 Yas Island: -0.45

74 SESSIONS · 1254 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

CONSISTENCY

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.

60/ 100
RANK 12 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 30–77

Higher means: Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 40Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 45Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 44Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 22Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 67Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 51Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 34Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 57Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 30Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 49Robert Kubica (Williams): 4Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 66Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 14Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 64Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 32Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 1Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 3Lando Norris (McLaren): 87Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 85Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 48Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 73George Russell (Williams): 17Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 86Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 7Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 63Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 58Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 80Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 95Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 84Sergio Perez: 60

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Lap times scatter 0.352 s around the stint trend, 0.025 s looser than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2018201920202021
2018 Sakhir: -0.142018 Shanghai: -0.492018 Baku: -0.582018 Barcelona: -0.122018 Monte Carlo: +0.742018 Montréal: +0.212018 Le Castellet: +0.722018 Spielberg: -0.362018 Silverstone: +0.472018 Hockenheim: +0.372018 Budapest: -0.102018 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.662018 Monza: +0.432018 Singapore: -0.882018 Sochi: -0.432018 Suzuka: +0.422018 Austin: +0.382018 Mexico City: +0.792018 São Paulo: -1.532018 Yas Marina: +1.232019 Melbourne: -0.162019 Sakhir: +0.262019 Shanghai: -0.832019 Baku: -0.812019 Barcelona: +0.462019 Monte Carlo: +0.152019 Montréal: -0.242019 Le Castellet: -0.172019 Spielberg: -0.862019 Silverstone: -1.932019 Hockenheim: no usable session2019 Budapest: -2.192019 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.772019 Monza: -0.232019 Singapore: -0.042019 Sochi: +0.382019 Suzuka: -1.042019 Mexico City: +0.192019 Austin: -0.802019 São Paulo: +0.172019 Yas Island: +0.642020 Spielberg: +0.012020 Spielberg: -0.612020 Budapest: -0.912020 Barcelona: 0.002020 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.222020 Monza: no usable session2020 Mugello: -1.062020 Sochi: -0.102020 Nürburgring: -0.662020 Portimão: +0.692020 Imola: +0.482020 Sakhir: +0.192020 Sakhir: -1.082020 Yas Island: no usable session2021 Sakhir: +0.402021 Imola: -0.062021 Portimão: -1.542021 Barcelona: -1.092021 Monte Carlo: +0.722021 Baku: -0.042021 Le Castellet: -0.042021 Spielberg: -0.342021 Spielberg: -0.332021 Silverstone: no usable session2021 Budapest: no usable session2021 Zandvoort: -2.052021 Monza: +0.642021 Sochi: +0.142021 Istanbul: no usable session2021 Austin: +0.522021 Mexico City: -0.732021 São Paulo: -0.012021 Lusail: +0.122021 Jeddah: no usable session2021 Yas Island: -0.90

69 SESSIONS · 127 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

STEERING SMOOTHNESS

NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO

How smoothly the driver steers through each corner.

PENDING

Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.

TEAMMATES

Same car, same sessions. Each cell is the average difference over the sessions they shared, in field-spread units: +0.30 means 0.3 of a typical field spread better on that axis. Qualifying H2H is the share of shared qualifying sessions where Perez's best lap was faster.

TEAMMATESHAREDQUALI H2HENTRYTYRE MGMTTHROTTLEBRAKINGCONSISTENCY
Lance Stroll64
33 Q · 31 R
82%+0.23+0.43-0.15+0.05-0.18
Max Verstappen38
20 Q · 18 R
5%-0.26+0.13-0.05-0.19-0.38
Esteban Ocon37
20 Q · 17 R
35%+0.01-0.80+0.62+0.42+0.06
Nico Hulkenberg2
1 Q · 1 R
100%+1.50+0.78+0.05+0.32-0.71

SESSION LOG

Every weekend in this era. Values are the difference from that session's field in field-spread units, green better and red worse. A dash means the session was skipped (wet, or no data) or the driver had no usable laps.

WEEKENDCIRCUITTEAMQ LAPSBRAKINGENTRYTHROTTLERACE LAPSCONSISTENCYTYRE MGMT
2018 R02SakhirForce India2+0.26-0.70+0.1724-0.14-1.48
2018 R03ShanghaiForce India3+0.18-0.48-0.059-0.49-2.11
2018 R04BakuForce India1+0.23+0.27-0.0823-0.58+0.68
2018 R05BarcelonaForce India3-0.90-0.69-0.5138-0.12-0.93
2018 R06Monte CarloForce India3+0.04-0.20-0.1816+0.74-0.27
2018 R07MontréalForce India3+0.55-0.69+0.1829+0.21-0.52
2018 R08Le CastelletForce India3-0.12-0.46-0.308+0.72+0.67
2018 R09SpielbergForce India2-0.65-0.91+0.2239-0.36+0.22
2018 R10SilverstoneForce India3-0.45-0.61+0.0211+0.47-0.85
2018 R11HockenheimForce India3-0.43-0.28+0.2631+0.37+0.58
2018 R12BudapestForce India2-0.51-0.86+0.4433-0.10-0.30
2018 R13Spa-FrancorchampsRacing Point3-0.69-0.10+0.2538+0.66+0.37
2018 R14MonzaRacing Point2-0.86-0.80+0.3323+0.43+0.88
2018 R15SingaporeRacing Point2-0.43-0.10+0.1224-0.88-1.04
2018 R16SochiRacing Point3-0.35-0.46+0.3126-0.43-1.63
2018 R17SuzukaRacing Point2-0.13-0.38+0.0426+0.42+0.54
2018 R18AustinRacing Point3+0.04-0.51-0.1832+0.38+0.64
2018 R19Mexico CityRacing Point1-0.71+0.17+0.3515+0.79-1.66
2018 R20São PauloRacing Point3+0.11-0.44-0.4750-1.53-0.65
2018 R21Yas MarinaRacing Point2+0.18-0.61-0.2129+1.23-0.33
2019 R01MelbourneRacing Point3-0.04-0.46-0.0122-0.16+1.78
2019 R02SakhirRacing Point3-0.35-0.47-0.2335+0.26+0.71
2019 R03ShanghaiRacing Point3+0.08+0.21+0.0733-0.83+0.30
2019 R04BakuRacing Point3-0.31-0.260.0042-0.81+0.48
2019 R05BarcelonaRacing Point3-0.23-0.42-0.2050+0.46-0.11
2019 R06Monte CarloRacing Point2-0.10-0.71-0.0622+0.15-0.24
2019 R07MontréalRacing Point2-0.27-0.53+0.5943-0.24+0.49
2019 R08Le CastelletRacing Point3-0.23-0.32+0.1930-0.17-1.11
2019 R09SpielbergRacing Point3-0.40-0.67+0.0639-0.86-0.06
2019 R10SilverstoneRacing Point3-0.32-0.57-0.0830-1.93+0.10
2019 R11HockenheimRacing Point3-0.38-0.22+0.30———
2019 R12BudapestRacing Point1+0.16-0.32+0.2847-2.19-0.16
2019 R13Spa-FrancorchampsRacing Point3-0.18-0.05-0.3718+0.77+0.67
2019 R14MonzaRacing Point2-1.21-1.12-0.1931-0.23-0.15
2019 R15SingaporeRacing Point2+0.34-0.24-0.1828-0.04+1.06
2019 R16SochiRacing Point3-0.61-0.55+0.0224+0.38+0.21
2019 R17SuzukaRacing Point3-1.58-0.45-0.267-1.04—
2019 R18Mexico CityRacing Point2-0.26+0.25-0.4557+0.19+0.49
2019 R19AustinRacing Point1-0.14-0.48-0.6629-0.80-0.40
2019 R20São PauloRacing Point3-0.33-0.36-0.0530+0.17+0.92
2019 R21Yas IslandRacing Point3-0.29-0.21+0.2129+0.64+0.44
2020 R01SpielbergRacing Point3-0.22-0.04+0.2628+0.01-0.05
2020 R02SpielbergRacing Point————22-0.61-0.07
2020 R03BudapestRacing Point2-0.20-0.14+0.0147-0.91-0.34
2020 R06BarcelonaRacing Point3-0.26-0.02-0.49470.00+0.82
2020 R07Spa-FrancorchampsRacing Point3-0.51+0.01-0.9611+0.22-0.42
2020 R08MonzaRacing Point3-0.10-0.11+0.160——
2020 R09MugelloRacing Point3+0.21+0.13-1.2536-1.06-0.12
2020 R10SochiRacing Point3-0.19+0.32+0.0630-0.10+0.32
2020 R11NürburgringRacing Point3-0.68+0.05+0.1222-0.66+1.54
2020 R12PortimãoRacing Point3-0.34+0.04+0.0542+0.69-0.82
2020 R13ImolaRacing Point3-0.20-0.23-0.1926+0.48+1.16
2020 R15SakhirRacing Point3-0.12-0.41+0.3237+0.19-0.66
2020 R16SakhirRacing Point3-0.74+0.42+0.3542-1.08+0.42
2020 R17Yas IslandRacing Point1-0.22+0.23+0.160——
2021 R01SakhirRed Bull Racing2-0.68+0.36+0.2322+0.40+0.15
2021 R02ImolaRed Bull Racing3-0.01+0.69+0.027-0.06—
2021 R03PortimãoRed Bull Racing3+0.21+0.56+0.1150-1.54-0.31
2021 R04BarcelonaRed Bull Racing3+0.33+0.44+0.4620-1.09+1.73
2021 R05Monte CarloRed Bull Racing3+0.10-0.03+0.3951+0.72+0.85
2021 R06BakuRed Bull Racing3-0.63+0.01+0.3124-0.04-1.01
2021 R07Le CastelletRed Bull Racing3-0.26+0.37+0.5146-0.04+0.29
2021 R08SpielbergRed Bull Racing3-0.38+0.800.0054-0.34-0.42
2021 R09SpielbergRed Bull Racing3+0.06+0.77+0.2522-0.33+0.22
2021 R10SilverstoneRed Bull Racing3-0.33+0.50+0.270——
2021 R11BudapestRed Bull Racing2+0.26+0.54-0.02———
2021 R13ZandvoortRed Bull Racing3-0.19+0.08-0.0925-2.05-1.25
2021 R14MonzaRed Bull Racing3-0.59-0.23-0.1726+0.64+0.47
2021 R15SochiRed Bull Racing————13+0.14+1.21
2021 R16IstanbulRed Bull Racing3+0.08+0.15+0.50———
2021 R17AustinRed Bull Racing2+0.14+0.43+0.3848+0.52-0.20
2021 R18Mexico CityRed Bull Racing3-0.60+0.23+0.4052-0.73-0.16
2021 R19São PauloRed Bull Racing30.00+0.09+0.6246-0.01+0.38
2021 R20LusailRed Bull Racing3+0.22+0.06+0.2318+0.12-1.30
2021 R21JeddahRed Bull Racing3+0.090.00+0.220——
2021 R22Yas IslandRed Bull Racing3-0.45-0.31+0.4143-0.90-0.74

HOW THIS IS CALCULATED

The definitions behind every number on this page. The full specification lives with the pipeline code (backend/pipeline/signature/SPEC.md).

REGULATION ERAS

An era is a period under one set of technical rules. When the rules change, every car brakes, turns and wears its tyres differently, so a driver's style relative to the field can shift too. Signatures are therefore computed separately for each era, and the driver page shows the most recent era with at least one scored axis. These eras are defined by the car rules, separate from the storytelling eras elsewhere on the site.

ERAWHAT DEFINES ITDATA IN THIS DATASET
LATE HYBRID
2018–2021
THIS PAGE
1.6-litre V6 turbo hybrid power units, used since 2014, in the wider, higher-downforce cars on wider tyres introduced in 2017.
The era starts in 2018, the first season of the official timing archive, although its car rules date from 2017.
2018–2021
30 drivers scored
GROUND EFFECT
2022–2025
Most downforce comes from two Venturi tunnels under the floor, with simplified wings and 18-inch low-profile tyres, so that cars can follow each other more closely.
2022–2025
31 drivers scored
ACTIVE AERO
2026 onwards
Front and rear wings switch between a corner mode and a low-drag straight mode, replacing DRS. Cars are shorter, narrower and lighter (768 kg), the floor tunnels are gone, and power is split roughly half and half between combustion and electric, with the MGU-H removed and fully sustainable fuel.
Energy recovery is a bigger part of each lap: drivers lift off before braking to recharge and cars harvest at full throttle at the end of straights. Throttle and braking traces reflect energy management as well as driving style.
2026
22 drivers scored

THE FIELD

Every measurement is a difference from the other cars in the same session. Comparing within a session cancels out the track, the weather, the tyre generation and the overall speed of that year's cars, which is what makes different weekends comparable. For each corner, or each race, the driver's value has the field median subtracted and is divided by the field's spread (a robust z-score, capped at ±3). A value of +1 means one typical field spread better than the median driver.

FROM LAPS TO A SCORE

  1. Pick the laps. Qualifying: up to 3 push laps per driver, within 1% of their own best and 107% of the fastest lap, on dry tyres, not deleted for track limits and not run under red or yellow flags. Race: clean laps only, meaning not lap 1, no pit laps, no safety car, virtual safety car, red or yellow flag, dry tyres, at least 1.5 s behind the car ahead, and within 107% of the driver's stint median.
  2. Measure.Corners are the slowest points of the session's fastest lap (dips of at least 25km/h). Every lap is mapped onto that lap's line, so all drivers' brake points and apexes share one distance scale. Full throttle means 98% pedal or more, and a lift is a drop of 10points. In the race, each stint's lap times are corrected for fuel (0.055 s per lap of fuel still on board) and fitted against tyre age: the slope is degradation (at least 8 clean laps), and the scatter around the line is consistency (at least 6).
  3. Compare with the field. Each corner needs at least 8 field laps; tyre degradation is compared on the same compound when at least 4 stints used it.
  4. Combine over the era. A weighted average of the session values. An axis is only scored with at least 5 qualifying sessions and 150 lap-corners, or 5 races and 8 stints; otherwise it stays empty rather than guessed.
  5. Rank.The 0–100 score is the driver-era's percentile among every driver-era in the dataset, so 50 is typical.
  6. Confidence.The driver's sessions are resampled 400 times and re-ranked. The 90% range runs from the 5th to the 95th percentile of those ranks, and confidence is 1 minus the average width of the ranges.

COMPARISON GROUPS

ERA AVG

The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

ALL-TIME

The average of every driver-era in the dataset. Scores are ranks among those same driver-eras, so it sits at 50 on every axis by construction.

CHAMPIONS

World champions in the eras they won their titles, from the final standings of completed seasons. In the dataset: Lewis Hamilton (2018, 2019, 2020), Max Verstappen (2021, 2022, 2023, 2024), Lando Norris (2025).

TEAMMATES

The driver's teammates in this era, weighted by sessions shared. Same car, so this is the fairest comparison.

AXES

AXISMEASURESHIGHER MEANSDATA
STEERING SMOOTHNESSHow smoothly the driver steers through each corner.Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO
ENTRY AGGRESSIONSpeed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
TYRE MANAGEMENTHow fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT
THROTTLE APPLICATIONDistance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
BRAKINGWhere the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
CONSISTENCYHow much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

DATA AND COVERAGE

Source: Official F1 live-timing feed, read through TracingInsights' public FastF1 extraction (2018–2022) and the OpenF1 historical API (2023–2026). The feed gives car data (speed, throttle, brake on/off, gear) about 3.7 times a second, car positions, laps, tyre stints, gaps and race-control messages. It does not carry steering angle or brake pressure. 180 qualifying sessions and 186 races are scored.

SEASONWEEKENDSQUALIFYINGRACESNOT SCORED
20182120/2120/21
Australian qualifying: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
Australian race: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
20192121/2121/21—
20201715/1717/17
Styrian qualifying: wet
Turkish qualifying: wet
20212220/2222/22
Belgian qualifying: wet
Russian qualifying: mixed conditions, 6 drivers on dry tyres
20222220/2222/22
Canadian qualifying: wet
British qualifying: wet
20232221/2222/22
Dutch qualifying: mixed conditions, 9 drivers on dry tyres
20242422/2424/24
Belgian qualifying: wet
São Paulo qualifying: wet
20252422/2424/24
Azerbaijan qualifying: no lap data in the public feed
Las Vegas qualifying: wet
202619 (+4 still to run)19/1919/19—

KNOWN LIMITATIONS

  • The field includes faster and slower cars, so a driver in a quick car scores higher on car-sensitive measures such as minimum corner speed. The teammate comparison is where the car is held constant.
  • The braking point is not adjusted for approach speed: a driver who exits the previous corner faster arrives quicker and has to brake earlier. Braking describes style more than pace.
  • Tyre management cannot tell tyre wear apart from a driver deliberately controlling pace, so its ranges are wide.
  • From 2026, throttle and braking traces also reflect energy recovery (lifting before braking, harvesting at full throttle), not only driving style.
  • Steering smoothness needs steering angle, which no public feed carries. It is never estimated and will come from onboard video, along with seasons before 2018.

PIPELINE TIMING-0.1.0 · GENERATED 2026-11-02 · OFFICIAL F1 LIVE-TIMING FEED, READ THROUGH TRACINGINSIGHTS' PUBLIC FASTF1 EXTRACTION (2018–2022) AND THE OPENF1 HISTORICAL API (2023–2026)