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DRIVING SIGNATURE · FULL METRICS

Esteban Ocon

Late hybrid era (2018–2021) · data from 2018–2021 · Alpine, Renault, Force India, Racing Point

LATE HYBRID · 2018–2021GROUND EFFECT · 2022–2025ACTIVE AERO · 2026

LAPS USED

1,573

QUALIFYING

55

RACES

51

AXES SCORED

5/6

CONFIDENCE

0.79

How this is calculated — the era, the field, the comparison groups and every threshold.

OVERVIEW

Each axis is a 0–100 rank among every driver-era in the dataset, built from differences to the same-session field. The 90% range is where nine in ten resampled scores land. Rank is within the late hybrid field.

STEERINGSMOOTHNESSPENDINGENTRY AGGRESSIONTYRE MANAGEMENTTHROTTLE APPLICATIONBRAKINGCONSISTENCY

DASHED: ERA AVG — The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

AXISSCORE90% RANGERANKERA AVGALL-TIMECHAMPIONSTEAMMATES
STEERINGPENDING——————
ENTRY4944–5814/3047509256
TYRE MGMT8657–946/3053505180
THROTTLE97–1027/3050507669
BRAKING2416–4224/3049507854
CONSISTENCY8572–954/3049508158

AXIS BY AXIS

What each axis measures, where the driver sits among this era's drivers, the raw differences behind the score, and how it moved from weekend to weekend.

ENTRY AGGRESSION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Speed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.

49/ 100
RANK 14 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 44–58

Higher means: Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 77Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 40Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 99Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 65Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 81Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 33Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 25Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 98Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 46Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 73Robert Kubica (Williams): 1Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 44Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 6Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 59Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 27Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 2Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 13Lando Norris (McLaren): 67Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 45Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 24Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 90George Russell (Williams): 22Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 52Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 4Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 17Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 61Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 15Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 93Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 66Esteban Ocon: 49

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

2.0 km/h less speed as the brake comes off.

0.2 km/h lower minimum corner speed.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

201820202021
2018 Sakhir: -0.682018 Shanghai: -0.502018 Baku: -0.472018 Barcelona: -0.712018 Monte Carlo: -0.262018 Montréal: -0.212018 Le Castellet: -0.682018 Spielberg: -0.992018 Silverstone: -0.492018 Hockenheim: -0.662018 Budapest: -0.642018 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.582018 Monza: -0.582018 Singapore: -0.292018 Sochi: -0.102018 Suzuka: -0.492018 Austin: +0.062018 Mexico City: -0.232018 São Paulo: -0.432018 Yas Marina: -0.162020 Spielberg: -0.362020 Spielberg: no usable session2020 Budapest: +0.192020 Silverstone: +0.242020 Silverstone: +0.362020 Barcelona: +0.142020 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.292020 Monza: -0.142020 Mugello: -0.122020 Sochi: +0.052020 Nürburgring: +0.832020 Portimão: +0.012020 Imola: -0.012020 Sakhir: +0.012020 Sakhir: -0.012020 Yas Island: +0.082021 Sakhir: -0.272021 Imola: +0.222021 Portimão: +0.462021 Barcelona: +0.652021 Monte Carlo: +0.262021 Baku: -0.072021 Le Castellet: -0.112021 Spielberg: -0.402021 Spielberg: -0.252021 Silverstone: +0.692021 Budapest: +0.622021 Zandvoort: +0.252021 Monza: -0.022021 Sochi: no usable session2021 Istanbul: -0.042021 Austin: -0.422021 Mexico City: -0.262021 São Paulo: +0.392021 Lusail: +0.312021 Jeddah: +0.522021 Yas Island: +0.73

55 SESSIONS · 1160 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

TYRE MANAGEMENT

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.

86/ 100
RANK 6 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 57–94

Higher means: Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 63Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 93Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 10Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 84Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 49Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 15Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 47Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 59Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 79Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 88Robert Kubica (Williams): 8Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 36Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 54Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 18Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 75Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 4Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 16Lando Norris (McLaren): 81Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 60Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 46Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 87George Russell (Williams): 64Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 74Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 9Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 26Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 98Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 91Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 38Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 20Esteban Ocon: 86

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Loses 0.028 s per lap of tyre age after fuel correction, 0.012 s/lap less than the race median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

201820202021
2018 Sakhir: +3.002018 Shanghai: -1.532018 Baku: no usable session2018 Barcelona: +0.482018 Monte Carlo: +0.382018 Montréal: -0.622018 Le Castellet: no usable session2018 Spielberg: -0.162018 Silverstone: +0.472018 Hockenheim: +0.202018 Budapest: -0.212018 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.812018 Monza: +0.292018 Singapore: no usable session2018 Sochi: -0.382018 Suzuka: +1.842018 Austin: +0.642018 Mexico City: +1.842018 São Paulo: -0.722018 Yas Marina: -0.272020 Spielberg: no usable session2020 Spielberg: no usable session2020 Budapest: +0.672020 Silverstone: no usable session2020 Silverstone: +0.522020 Barcelona: +1.502020 Spa-Francorchamps: +1.242020 Monza: +0.702020 Mugello: no usable session2020 Sochi: -0.032020 Nürburgring: +0.462020 Portimão: +0.232020 Imola: +3.002020 Sakhir: +0.702020 Sakhir: +0.762020 Yas Island: +0.492021 Sakhir: +0.322021 Imola: -3.002021 Portimão: +0.672021 Barcelona: -0.702021 Monte Carlo: -0.662021 Baku: no usable session2021 Le Castellet: -0.762021 Spielberg: +0.482021 Spielberg: no usable session2021 Silverstone: -0.042021 Budapest: +0.422021 Zandvoort: +0.752021 Monza: no usable session2021 Sochi: -0.672021 Istanbul: no usable session2021 Austin: +0.082021 Mexico City: +1.202021 São Paulo: -0.192021 Lusail: +0.082021 Jeddah: -0.022021 Yas Island: -0.51

46 SESSIONS · 73 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

THROTTLE APPLICATION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Distance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.

9/ 100
RANK 27 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 7–10

Higher means: Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 39Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 76Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 75Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 61Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 87Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 22Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 66Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 60Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 73Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 56Robert Kubica (Williams): 2Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 97Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 18Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 30Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 27Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 1Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 4Lando Norris (McLaren): 45Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 64Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 36Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 67George Russell (Williams): 35Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 62Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 13Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 57Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 91Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 70Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 94Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 54Esteban Ocon: 9

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Reaches full throttle 11.3 m further from the apex than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

201820202021
2018 Sakhir: -0.562018 Shanghai: -0.622018 Baku: -0.552018 Barcelona: -0.542018 Monte Carlo: -0.522018 Montréal: -0.822018 Le Castellet: -0.902018 Spielberg: -0.332018 Silverstone: -0.752018 Hockenheim: -0.622018 Budapest: -0.532018 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.602018 Monza: -0.432018 Singapore: -0.352018 Sochi: -0.462018 Suzuka: -0.762018 Austin: -0.562018 Mexico City: -0.312018 São Paulo: -0.622018 Yas Marina: -0.792020 Spielberg: -0.412020 Spielberg: no usable session2020 Budapest: -0.102020 Silverstone: -0.292020 Silverstone: -0.482020 Barcelona: -0.322020 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.332020 Monza: -0.762020 Mugello: -1.312020 Sochi: -0.152020 Nürburgring: -0.352020 Portimão: -0.152020 Imola: -0.822020 Sakhir: -0.382020 Sakhir: -0.312020 Yas Island: -0.562021 Sakhir: -0.172021 Imola: -0.112021 Portimão: -0.202021 Barcelona: -0.532021 Monte Carlo: -0.112021 Baku: -0.152021 Le Castellet: -0.492021 Spielberg: -0.282021 Spielberg: -0.412021 Silverstone: -0.192021 Budapest: +0.222021 Zandvoort: -0.122021 Monza: -0.382021 Sochi: no usable session2021 Istanbul: -0.252021 Austin: -0.202021 Mexico City: -0.322021 São Paulo: 0.002021 Lusail: +0.162021 Jeddah: -0.262021 Yas Island: -0.24

55 SESSIONS · 1071 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

BRAKING

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Where the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.

24/ 100
RANK 24 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 16–42

Higher means: Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 38Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 60Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 86Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 55Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 90Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 29Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 61Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 97Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 99Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 46Robert Kubica (Williams): 14Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 70Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 15Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 59Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 10Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 1Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 2Lando Norris (McLaren): 88Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 31Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 33Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 73George Russell (Williams): 27Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 49Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 30Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 9Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 92Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 66Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 78Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 43Esteban Ocon: 24

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Starts braking 2.1 m earlier than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

201820202021
2018 Sakhir: +0.192018 Shanghai: -0.542018 Baku: +0.472018 Barcelona: -1.012018 Monte Carlo: -0.252018 Montréal: -0.162018 Le Castellet: -0.792018 Spielberg: -1.312018 Silverstone: -0.702018 Hockenheim: -0.532018 Budapest: -1.742018 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.912018 Monza: -1.562018 Singapore: -0.572018 Sochi: -0.372018 Suzuka: -0.592018 Austin: -0.472018 Mexico City: -0.862018 São Paulo: -0.832018 Yas Marina: -0.532020 Spielberg: -0.262020 Spielberg: no usable session2020 Budapest: -0.322020 Silverstone: -0.402020 Silverstone: -0.492020 Barcelona: -0.412020 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.342020 Monza: -0.182020 Mugello: -0.392020 Sochi: -0.072020 Nürburgring: +0.042020 Portimão: +0.122020 Imola: 0.002020 Sakhir: -0.262020 Sakhir: -0.462020 Yas Island: -0.472021 Sakhir: +0.192021 Imola: -0.122021 Portimão: +0.312021 Barcelona: +0.012021 Monte Carlo: -0.352021 Baku: -0.242021 Le Castellet: -0.392021 Spielberg: -0.362021 Spielberg: -0.182021 Silverstone: -0.022021 Budapest: +0.112021 Zandvoort: +0.222021 Monza: -0.082021 Sochi: no usable session2021 Istanbul: -0.142021 Austin: -0.442021 Mexico City: +0.032021 São Paulo: -0.362021 Lusail: +0.522021 Jeddah: +0.902021 Yas Island: +0.35

55 SESSIONS · 1003 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

CONSISTENCY

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.

85/ 100
RANK 4 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 72–95

Higher means: Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 40Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 45Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 44Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 22Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 67Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 51Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 34Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 57Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 30Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 49Robert Kubica (Williams): 4Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 66Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 14Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 64Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 32Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 1Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 3Lando Norris (McLaren): 87Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 60Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 48Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 73George Russell (Williams): 17Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 86Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 7Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 63Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 58Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 80Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 95Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 84Esteban Ocon: 85

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Lap times scatter 0.309 s around the stint trend, 0.021 s tighter than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

201820202021
2018 Sakhir: -0.452018 Shanghai: +1.032018 Baku: no usable session2018 Barcelona: +0.902018 Monte Carlo: -0.572018 Montréal: -0.742018 Le Castellet: no usable session2018 Spielberg: -0.172018 Silverstone: +0.252018 Hockenheim: -1.122018 Budapest: +0.422018 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.652018 Monza: +1.072018 Singapore: no usable session2018 Sochi: +0.112018 Suzuka: +0.712018 Austin: +0.022018 Mexico City: +1.062018 São Paulo: -1.122018 Yas Marina: -0.582020 Spielberg: no usable session2020 Spielberg: no usable session2020 Budapest: -0.372020 Silverstone: no usable session2020 Silverstone: -0.342020 Barcelona: -0.622020 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.202020 Monza: +1.032020 Mugello: no usable session2020 Sochi: +0.562020 Nürburgring: +1.012020 Portimão: +0.012020 Imola: -1.502020 Sakhir: +0.422020 Sakhir: +0.962020 Yas Island: +0.782021 Sakhir: +0.692021 Imola: +1.182021 Portimão: +0.432021 Barcelona: -1.312021 Monte Carlo: -0.152021 Baku: no usable session2021 Le Castellet: +0.352021 Spielberg: +0.102021 Spielberg: no usable session2021 Silverstone: +0.032021 Budapest: +1.082021 Zandvoort: -0.232021 Monza: no usable session2021 Sochi: +0.982021 Istanbul: no usable session2021 Austin: +0.112021 Mexico City: -1.242021 São Paulo: -1.052021 Lusail: -0.122021 Jeddah: +0.252021 Yas Island: -0.92

46 SESSIONS · 78 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

STEERING SMOOTHNESS

NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO

How smoothly the driver steers through each corner.

PENDING

Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.

TEAMMATES

Same car, same sessions. Each cell is the average difference over the sessions they shared, in field-spread units: +0.30 means 0.3 of a typical field spread better on that axis. Qualifying H2H is the share of shared qualifying sessions where Ocon's best lap was faster.

TEAMMATESHAREDQUALI H2HENTRYTYRE MGMTTHROTTLEBRAKINGCONSISTENCY
Fernando Alonso39
20 Q · 19 R
45%+0.12-0.37-0.420.00+0.32
Sergio Perez37
20 Q · 17 R
65%-0.01+0.80-0.62-0.42-0.06
Daniel Ricciardo30
15 Q · 15 R
7%-0.48+0.58-0.48-0.31-0.20

SESSION LOG

Every weekend in this era. Values are the difference from that session's field in field-spread units, green better and red worse. A dash means the session was skipped (wet, or no data) or the driver had no usable laps.

WEEKENDCIRCUITTEAMQ LAPSBRAKINGENTRYTHROTTLERACE LAPSCONSISTENCYTYRE MGMT
2018 R02SakhirForce India3+0.19-0.68-0.568-0.45+3.00
2018 R03ShanghaiForce India3-0.54-0.50-0.6222+1.03-1.53
2018 R04BakuForce India3+0.47-0.47-0.55———
2018 R05BarcelonaForce India3-1.01-0.71-0.5412+0.90+0.48
2018 R06Monte CarloForce India3-0.25-0.26-0.5253-0.57+0.38
2018 R07MontréalForce India3-0.16-0.21-0.8232-0.74-0.62
2018 R08Le CastelletForce India3-0.79-0.68-0.90———
2018 R09SpielbergForce India3-1.31-0.99-0.3344-0.17-0.16
2018 R10SilverstoneForce India3-0.70-0.49-0.7521+0.25+0.47
2018 R11HockenheimForce India3-0.53-0.66-0.6226-1.12+0.20
2018 R12BudapestForce India1-1.74-0.64-0.5354+0.42-0.21
2018 R13Spa-FrancorchampsRacing Point2-0.91-0.58-0.6037+0.65+0.81
2018 R14MonzaRacing Point3-1.56-0.58-0.4318+1.07+0.29
2018 R15SingaporeRacing Point3-0.57-0.29-0.35———
2018 R16SochiRacing Point3-0.37-0.10-0.4618+0.11-0.38
2018 R17SuzukaRacing Point2-0.59-0.49-0.7616+0.71+1.84
2018 R18AustinRacing Point3-0.47+0.06-0.5645+0.02+0.64
2018 R19Mexico CityRacing Point2-0.86-0.23-0.3118+1.06+1.84
2018 R20São PauloRacing Point3-0.83-0.43-0.6237-1.12-0.72
2018 R21Yas MarinaRacing Point3-0.53-0.16-0.7923-0.58-0.27
2020 R01SpielbergRenault3-0.26-0.36-0.410——
2020 R02SpielbergRenault————0——
2020 R03BudapestRenault3-0.32+0.19-0.1032-0.37+0.67
2020 R04SilverstoneRenault3-0.40+0.24-0.290——
2020 R05SilverstoneRenault3-0.49+0.36-0.4843-0.34+0.52
2020 R06BarcelonaRenault3-0.41+0.14-0.3225-0.62+1.50
2020 R07Spa-FrancorchampsRenault3-0.34+0.29-0.3322-0.20+1.24
2020 R08MonzaRenault3-0.18-0.14-0.7610+1.03+0.70
2020 R09MugelloRenault3-0.39-0.12-1.31———
2020 R10SochiRenault3-0.07+0.05-0.1533+0.56-0.03
2020 R11NürburgringRenault3+0.04+0.83-0.358+1.01+0.46
2020 R12PortimãoRenault3+0.12+0.01-0.1545+0.01+0.23
2020 R13ImolaRenault30.00-0.01-0.828-1.50+3.00
2020 R15SakhirRenault3-0.26+0.01-0.3830+0.42+0.70
2020 R16SakhirRenault3-0.46-0.01-0.3156+0.96+0.76
2020 R17Yas IslandRenault3-0.47+0.08-0.5622+0.78+0.49
2021 R01SakhirAlpine1+0.19-0.27-0.1733+0.69+0.32
2021 R02ImolaAlpine3-0.12+0.22-0.1111+1.18-3.00
2021 R03PortimãoAlpine3+0.31+0.46-0.2034+0.43+0.67
2021 R04BarcelonaAlpine3+0.01+0.65-0.5352-1.31-0.70
2021 R05Monte CarloAlpine3-0.35+0.26-0.1170-0.15-0.66
2021 R06BakuAlpine3-0.24-0.07-0.150——
2021 R07Le CastelletAlpine3-0.39-0.11-0.4928+0.35-0.76
2021 R08SpielbergAlpine2-0.36-0.40-0.2828+0.10+0.48
2021 R09SpielbergAlpine2-0.18-0.25-0.41———
2021 R10SilverstoneAlpine3-0.02+0.69-0.1926+0.03-0.04
2021 R11BudapestAlpine3+0.11+0.62+0.2262+1.08+0.42
2021 R13ZandvoortAlpine3+0.22+0.25-0.1242-0.23+0.75
2021 R14MonzaAlpine3-0.08-0.02-0.380——
2021 R15SochiAlpine————28+0.98-0.67
2021 R16IstanbulAlpine2-0.14-0.04-0.25———
2021 R17AustinAlpine3-0.44-0.42-0.2017+0.11+0.08
2021 R18Mexico CityAlpine3+0.03-0.26-0.3243-1.24+1.20
2021 R19São PauloAlpine3-0.36+0.390.0039-1.05-0.19
2021 R20LusailAlpine3+0.52+0.31+0.1639-0.12+0.08
2021 R21JeddahAlpine3+0.90+0.52-0.2621+0.25-0.02
2021 R22Yas IslandAlpine3+0.35+0.73-0.2427-0.92-0.51

HOW THIS IS CALCULATED

The definitions behind every number on this page. The full specification lives with the pipeline code (backend/pipeline/signature/SPEC.md).

REGULATION ERAS

An era is a period under one set of technical rules. When the rules change, every car brakes, turns and wears its tyres differently, so a driver's style relative to the field can shift too. Signatures are therefore computed separately for each era, and the driver page shows the most recent era with at least one scored axis. These eras are defined by the car rules, separate from the storytelling eras elsewhere on the site.

ERAWHAT DEFINES ITDATA IN THIS DATASET
LATE HYBRID
2018–2021
THIS PAGE
1.6-litre V6 turbo hybrid power units, used since 2014, in the wider, higher-downforce cars on wider tyres introduced in 2017.
The era starts in 2018, the first season of the official timing archive, although its car rules date from 2017.
2018–2021
30 drivers scored
GROUND EFFECT
2022–2025
Most downforce comes from two Venturi tunnels under the floor, with simplified wings and 18-inch low-profile tyres, so that cars can follow each other more closely.
2022–2025
31 drivers scored
ACTIVE AERO
2026 onwards
Front and rear wings switch between a corner mode and a low-drag straight mode, replacing DRS. Cars are shorter, narrower and lighter (768 kg), the floor tunnels are gone, and power is split roughly half and half between combustion and electric, with the MGU-H removed and fully sustainable fuel.
Energy recovery is a bigger part of each lap: drivers lift off before braking to recharge and cars harvest at full throttle at the end of straights. Throttle and braking traces reflect energy management as well as driving style.
2026
22 drivers scored

THE FIELD

Every measurement is a difference from the other cars in the same session. Comparing within a session cancels out the track, the weather, the tyre generation and the overall speed of that year's cars, which is what makes different weekends comparable. For each corner, or each race, the driver's value has the field median subtracted and is divided by the field's spread (a robust z-score, capped at ±3). A value of +1 means one typical field spread better than the median driver.

FROM LAPS TO A SCORE

  1. Pick the laps. Qualifying: up to 3 push laps per driver, within 1% of their own best and 107% of the fastest lap, on dry tyres, not deleted for track limits and not run under red or yellow flags. Race: clean laps only, meaning not lap 1, no pit laps, no safety car, virtual safety car, red or yellow flag, dry tyres, at least 1.5 s behind the car ahead, and within 107% of the driver's stint median.
  2. Measure.Corners are the slowest points of the session's fastest lap (dips of at least 25km/h). Every lap is mapped onto that lap's line, so all drivers' brake points and apexes share one distance scale. Full throttle means 98% pedal or more, and a lift is a drop of 10points. In the race, each stint's lap times are corrected for fuel (0.055 s per lap of fuel still on board) and fitted against tyre age: the slope is degradation (at least 8 clean laps), and the scatter around the line is consistency (at least 6).
  3. Compare with the field. Each corner needs at least 8 field laps; tyre degradation is compared on the same compound when at least 4 stints used it.
  4. Combine over the era. A weighted average of the session values. An axis is only scored with at least 5 qualifying sessions and 150 lap-corners, or 5 races and 8 stints; otherwise it stays empty rather than guessed.
  5. Rank.The 0–100 score is the driver-era's percentile among every driver-era in the dataset, so 50 is typical.
  6. Confidence.The driver's sessions are resampled 400 times and re-ranked. The 90% range runs from the 5th to the 95th percentile of those ranks, and confidence is 1 minus the average width of the ranges.

COMPARISON GROUPS

ERA AVG

The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

ALL-TIME

The average of every driver-era in the dataset. Scores are ranks among those same driver-eras, so it sits at 50 on every axis by construction.

CHAMPIONS

World champions in the eras they won their titles, from the final standings of completed seasons. In the dataset: Lewis Hamilton (2018, 2019, 2020), Max Verstappen (2021, 2022, 2023, 2024), Lando Norris (2025).

TEAMMATES

The driver's teammates in this era, weighted by sessions shared. Same car, so this is the fairest comparison.

AXES

AXISMEASURESHIGHER MEANSDATA
STEERING SMOOTHNESSHow smoothly the driver steers through each corner.Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO
ENTRY AGGRESSIONSpeed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
TYRE MANAGEMENTHow fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT
THROTTLE APPLICATIONDistance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
BRAKINGWhere the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
CONSISTENCYHow much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

DATA AND COVERAGE

Source: Official F1 live-timing feed, read through TracingInsights' public FastF1 extraction (2018–2022) and the OpenF1 historical API (2023–2026). The feed gives car data (speed, throttle, brake on/off, gear) about 3.7 times a second, car positions, laps, tyre stints, gaps and race-control messages. It does not carry steering angle or brake pressure. 180 qualifying sessions and 186 races are scored.

SEASONWEEKENDSQUALIFYINGRACESNOT SCORED
20182120/2120/21
Australian qualifying: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
Australian race: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
20192121/2121/21—
20201715/1717/17
Styrian qualifying: wet
Turkish qualifying: wet
20212220/2222/22
Belgian qualifying: wet
Russian qualifying: mixed conditions, 6 drivers on dry tyres
20222220/2222/22
Canadian qualifying: wet
British qualifying: wet
20232221/2222/22
Dutch qualifying: mixed conditions, 9 drivers on dry tyres
20242422/2424/24
Belgian qualifying: wet
São Paulo qualifying: wet
20252422/2424/24
Azerbaijan qualifying: no lap data in the public feed
Las Vegas qualifying: wet
202619 (+4 still to run)19/1919/19—

KNOWN LIMITATIONS

  • The field includes faster and slower cars, so a driver in a quick car scores higher on car-sensitive measures such as minimum corner speed. The teammate comparison is where the car is held constant.
  • The braking point is not adjusted for approach speed: a driver who exits the previous corner faster arrives quicker and has to brake earlier. Braking describes style more than pace.
  • Tyre management cannot tell tyre wear apart from a driver deliberately controlling pace, so its ranges are wide.
  • From 2026, throttle and braking traces also reflect energy recovery (lifting before braking, harvesting at full throttle), not only driving style.
  • Steering smoothness needs steering angle, which no public feed carries. It is never estimated and will come from onboard video, along with seasons before 2018.

PIPELINE TIMING-0.1.0 · GENERATED 2026-11-02 · OFFICIAL F1 LIVE-TIMING FEED, READ THROUGH TRACINGINSIGHTS' PUBLIC FASTF1 EXTRACTION (2018–2022) AND THE OPENF1 HISTORICAL API (2023–2026)