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DRIVING SIGNATURE · FULL METRICS

Fernando Alonso

Late hybrid era (2018–2021) · data from 2018–2021 · Alpine, McLaren

LATE HYBRID · 2018–2021GROUND EFFECT · 2022–2025ACTIVE AERO · 2026

LAPS USED

1,278

QUALIFYING

40

RACES

37

AXES SCORED

5/6

CONFIDENCE

0.73

How this is calculated — the era, the field, the comparison groups and every threshold.

OVERVIEW

Each axis is a 0–100 rank among every driver-era in the dataset, built from differences to the same-session field. The 90% range is where nine in ten resampled scores land. Rank is within the late hybrid field.

STEERINGSMOOTHNESSPENDINGENTRY AGGRESSIONTYRE MANAGEMENTTHROTTLE APPLICATIONBRAKINGCONSISTENCY

DASHED: ERA AVG — The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

AXISSCORE90% RANGERANKERA AVGALL-TIMECHAMPIONSTEAMMATES
STEERINGPENDING——————
ENTRY4027–4618/3047509232
TYRE MGMT9380–992/3053505188
THROTTLE7663–865/3050507639
BRAKING6053–7712/3049507844
CONSISTENCY4525–7718/3049508183

AXIS BY AXIS

What each axis measures, where the driver sits among this era's drivers, the raw differences behind the score, and how it moved from weekend to weekend.

ENTRY AGGRESSION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Speed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.

40/ 100
RANK 18 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 27–46

Higher means: Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 77Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 99Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 65Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 81Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 33Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 25Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 98Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 46Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 73Robert Kubica (Williams): 1Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 44Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 6Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 59Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 27Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 2Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 13Lando Norris (McLaren): 67Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 49Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 45Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 24Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 90George Russell (Williams): 22Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 52Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 4Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 17Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 61Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 15Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 93Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 66Fernando Alonso: 40

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

2.1 km/h less speed as the brake comes off.

0.9 km/h lower minimum corner speed.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

20182021
2018 Sakhir: -0.612018 Shanghai: -0.392018 Baku: -0.792018 Barcelona: -0.272018 Monte Carlo: -0.282018 Montréal: -0.832018 Le Castellet: -0.442018 Spielberg: -0.512018 Silverstone: 0.002018 Hockenheim: -0.632018 Budapest: +0.372018 Spa-Francorchamps: -1.042018 Monza: -0.622018 Singapore: -0.342018 Sochi: -1.092018 Suzuka: -0.762018 Austin: -1.072018 Mexico City: -0.412018 São Paulo: -1.162018 Yas Marina: -0.622021 Sakhir: -0.042021 Imola: -0.392021 Portimão: +0.152021 Barcelona: -0.012021 Monte Carlo: -0.192021 Baku: -0.692021 Le Castellet: +0.432021 Spielberg: +0.322021 Spielberg: -0.162021 Silverstone: +0.192021 Budapest: +0.682021 Zandvoort: -0.012021 Monza: -0.352021 Sochi: no usable session2021 Istanbul: +0.632021 Austin: -0.472021 Mexico City: -0.152021 São Paulo: +0.152021 Lusail: +0.712021 Jeddah: +0.462021 Yas Island: -0.29

40 SESSIONS · 793 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

TYRE MANAGEMENT

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.

93/ 100
RANK 2 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 80–99

Higher means: Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 63Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 10Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 84Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 49Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 15Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 47Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 59Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 79Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 88Robert Kubica (Williams): 8Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 36Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 54Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 18Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 75Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 4Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 16Lando Norris (McLaren): 81Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 86Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 60Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 46Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 87George Russell (Williams): 64Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 74Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 9Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 26Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 98Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 91Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 38Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 20Fernando Alonso: 93

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Loses 0.038 s per lap of tyre age after fuel correction, 0.005 s/lap more than the race median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

20182021
2018 Sakhir: +1.422018 Shanghai: +0.482018 Baku: +1.322018 Barcelona: +1.172018 Monte Carlo: -0.492018 Montréal: +0.302018 Le Castellet: -1.082018 Spielberg: +0.462018 Silverstone: -0.062018 Hockenheim: -1.082018 Budapest: +0.772018 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2018 Monza: no usable session2018 Singapore: +0.112018 Sochi: -0.902018 Suzuka: -1.602018 Austin: no usable session2018 Mexico City: no usable session2018 São Paulo: -0.922018 Yas Marina: +0.042021 Sakhir: -0.952021 Imola: -1.102021 Portimão: +1.302021 Barcelona: -0.502021 Monte Carlo: +0.402021 Baku: +0.532021 Le Castellet: +0.812021 Spielberg: +0.822021 Spielberg: +0.502021 Silverstone: +1.102021 Budapest: +0.942021 Zandvoort: +1.102021 Monza: +0.872021 Sochi: +1.782021 Istanbul: no usable session2021 Austin: -3.002021 Mexico City: +0.502021 São Paulo: -0.182021 Lusail: +0.652021 Jeddah: +0.022021 Yas Island: +0.06

36 SESSIONS · 54 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

THROTTLE APPLICATION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Distance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.

76/ 100
RANK 5 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 63–86

Higher means: Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 39Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 75Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 61Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 87Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 22Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 66Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 60Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 73Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 56Robert Kubica (Williams): 2Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 97Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 18Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 30Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 27Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 1Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 4Lando Norris (McLaren): 45Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 9Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 64Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 36Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 67George Russell (Williams): 35Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 62Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 13Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 57Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 91Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 70Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 94Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 54Fernando Alonso: 76

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Reaches full throttle 3.3 m closer to the apex than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

20182021
2018 Sakhir: +0.312018 Shanghai: -0.122018 Baku: -0.142018 Barcelona: +0.272018 Monte Carlo: -0.042018 Montréal: -0.382018 Le Castellet: +0.232018 Spielberg: -0.012018 Silverstone: +0.182018 Hockenheim: +0.342018 Budapest: +0.182018 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.422018 Monza: -0.312018 Singapore: +0.012018 Sochi: +0.062018 Suzuka: +0.072018 Austin: -0.392018 Mexico City: -0.122018 São Paulo: -0.472018 Yas Marina: -0.172021 Sakhir: +0.162021 Imola: +0.282021 Portimão: +0.442021 Barcelona: +0.072021 Monte Carlo: +0.362021 Baku: +0.202021 Le Castellet: +0.212021 Spielberg: +0.542021 Spielberg: +0.262021 Silverstone: +0.232021 Budapest: +0.042021 Zandvoort: +0.362021 Monza: +0.062021 Sochi: no usable session2021 Istanbul: +0.512021 Austin: +0.402021 Mexico City: +0.082021 São Paulo: +0.312021 Lusail: +0.332021 Jeddah: -0.092021 Yas Island: -0.39

40 SESSIONS · 763 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

BRAKING

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Where the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.

60/ 100
RANK 12 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 53–77

Higher means: Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 38Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 86Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 55Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 90Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 29Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 61Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 97Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 99Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 46Robert Kubica (Williams): 14Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 70Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 15Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 59Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 10Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 1Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 2Lando Norris (McLaren): 88Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 24Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 31Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 33Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 73George Russell (Williams): 27Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 49Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 30Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 9Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 92Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 66Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 78Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 43Fernando Alonso: 60

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Starts braking 2.7 m later than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

20182021
2018 Sakhir: -0.352018 Shanghai: -0.102018 Baku: -0.212018 Barcelona: +0.742018 Monte Carlo: +0.252018 Montréal: -0.102018 Le Castellet: +0.182018 Spielberg: +0.192018 Silverstone: +0.312018 Hockenheim: +0.802018 Budapest: +0.152018 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.132018 Monza: -0.222018 Singapore: +0.122018 Sochi: +0.822018 Suzuka: -0.132018 Austin: -0.252018 Mexico City: +0.262018 São Paulo: +0.422018 Yas Marina: +0.172021 Sakhir: +0.322021 Imola: -0.442021 Portimão: -0.152021 Barcelona: -0.072021 Monte Carlo: -0.952021 Baku: -0.152021 Le Castellet: +0.472021 Spielberg: +0.582021 Spielberg: +0.402021 Silverstone: -0.092021 Budapest: +0.292021 Zandvoort: +0.112021 Monza: +0.052021 Sochi: no usable session2021 Istanbul: +0.472021 Austin: -0.082021 Mexico City: -0.612021 São Paulo: -0.172021 Lusail: +0.032021 Jeddah: +0.162021 Yas Island: -0.17

40 SESSIONS · 667 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

CONSISTENCY

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.

45/ 100
RANK 18 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 25–77

Higher means: Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 40Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 44Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 22Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 67Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 51Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 34Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 57Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 30Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 49Robert Kubica (Williams): 4Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 66Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 14Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 64Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 32Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 1Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 3Lando Norris (McLaren): 87Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 85Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 60Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 48Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 73George Russell (Williams): 17Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 86Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 7Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 63Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 58Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 80Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 95Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 84Fernando Alonso: 45

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Lap times scatter 0.396 s around the stint trend, 0.057 s looser than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

20182021
2018 Sakhir: +0.302018 Shanghai: +0.992018 Baku: -0.732018 Barcelona: -0.172018 Monte Carlo: -0.612018 Montréal: +1.032018 Le Castellet: -1.612018 Spielberg: +0.582018 Silverstone: +0.902018 Hockenheim: -1.172018 Budapest: -1.052018 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2018 Monza: no usable session2018 Singapore: -1.742018 Sochi: +0.432018 Suzuka: -0.642018 Austin: no usable session2018 Mexico City: no usable session2018 São Paulo: -0.742018 Yas Marina: -1.032021 Sakhir: +0.432021 Imola: +0.742021 Portimão: -0.592021 Barcelona: -0.732021 Monte Carlo: +1.462021 Baku: +0.812021 Le Castellet: -0.202021 Spielberg: +0.142021 Spielberg: +0.962021 Silverstone: -0.092021 Budapest: -0.592021 Zandvoort: -1.032021 Monza: -0.472021 Sochi: +0.592021 Istanbul: no usable session2021 Austin: -1.592021 Mexico City: +0.032021 São Paulo: -1.682021 Lusail: -0.422021 Jeddah: -0.612021 Yas Island: -1.06

36 SESSIONS · 60 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

STEERING SMOOTHNESS

NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO

How smoothly the driver steers through each corner.

PENDING

Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.

TEAMMATES

Same car, same sessions. Each cell is the average difference over the sessions they shared, in field-spread units: +0.30 means 0.3 of a typical field spread better on that axis. Qualifying H2H is the share of shared qualifying sessions where Alonso's best lap was faster.

TEAMMATESHAREDQUALI H2HENTRYTYRE MGMTTHROTTLEBRAKINGCONSISTENCY
Esteban Ocon39
20 Q · 19 R
55%-0.12+0.37+0.420.00-0.32
Stoffel Vandoorne37
20 Q · 17 R
100%+0.07-0.13-0.09+0.05-0.35

SESSION LOG

Every weekend in this era. Values are the difference from that session's field in field-spread units, green better and red worse. A dash means the session was skipped (wet, or no data) or the driver had no usable laps.

WEEKENDCIRCUITTEAMQ LAPSBRAKINGENTRYTHROTTLERACE LAPSCONSISTENCYTYRE MGMT
2018 R02SakhirMcLaren3-0.35-0.61+0.3127+0.30+1.42
2018 R03ShanghaiMcLaren3-0.10-0.39-0.1220+0.99+0.48
2018 R04BakuMcLaren1-0.21-0.79-0.1423-0.73+1.32
2018 R05BarcelonaMcLaren3+0.74-0.27+0.2737-0.17+1.17
2018 R06Monte CarloMcLaren3+0.25-0.28-0.0440-0.61-0.49
2018 R07MontréalMcLaren3-0.10-0.83-0.3820+1.03+0.30
2018 R08Le CastelletMcLaren3+0.18-0.44+0.2319-1.61-1.08
2018 R09SpielbergMcLaren3+0.19-0.51-0.0140+0.58+0.46
2018 R10SilverstoneMcLaren3+0.310.00+0.189+0.90-0.06
2018 R11HockenheimMcLaren3+0.80-0.63+0.3417-1.17-1.08
2018 R12BudapestMcLaren1+0.15+0.37+0.1859-1.05+0.77
2018 R13Spa-FrancorchampsMcLaren2+0.13-1.04+0.42———
2018 R14MonzaMcLaren3-0.22-0.62-0.310——
2018 R15SingaporeMcLaren3+0.12-0.34+0.0152-1.74+0.11
2018 R16SochiMcLaren1+0.82-1.09+0.0645+0.43-0.90
2018 R17SuzukaMcLaren2-0.13-0.76+0.0720-0.64-1.60
2018 R18AustinMcLaren2-0.25-1.07-0.39———
2018 R19Mexico CityMcLaren3+0.26-0.41-0.12———
2018 R20São PauloMcLaren3+0.42-1.16-0.4742-0.74-0.92
2018 R21Yas MarinaMcLaren3+0.17-0.62-0.1730-1.03+0.04
2021 R01SakhirAlpine3+0.32-0.04+0.168+0.43-0.95
2021 R02ImolaAlpine3-0.44-0.39+0.2816+0.74-1.10
2021 R03PortimãoAlpine3-0.15+0.15+0.4433-0.59+1.30
2021 R04BarcelonaAlpine3-0.07-0.01+0.0733-0.73-0.50
2021 R05Monte CarloAlpine2-0.95-0.19+0.3665+1.46+0.40
2021 R06BakuAlpine3-0.15-0.69+0.2016+0.81+0.53
2021 R07Le CastelletAlpine3+0.47+0.43+0.2134-0.20+0.81
2021 R08SpielbergAlpine3+0.58+0.32+0.5448+0.14+0.82
2021 R09SpielbergAlpine3+0.40-0.16+0.2614+0.96+0.50
2021 R10SilverstoneAlpine3-0.09+0.19+0.2343-0.09+1.10
2021 R11BudapestAlpine3+0.29+0.68+0.0442-0.59+0.94
2021 R13ZandvoortAlpine3+0.11-0.01+0.3653-1.03+1.10
2021 R14MonzaAlpine2+0.05-0.35+0.0634-0.47+0.87
2021 R15SochiAlpine————34+0.59+1.78
2021 R16IstanbulAlpine3+0.47+0.63+0.51———
2021 R17AustinAlpine1-0.08-0.47+0.4015-1.59-3.00
2021 R18Mexico CityAlpine2-0.61-0.15+0.0859+0.03+0.50
2021 R19São PauloAlpine3-0.17+0.15+0.3135-1.68-0.18
2021 R20LusailAlpine3+0.03+0.71+0.3347-0.42+0.65
2021 R21JeddahAlpine3+0.16+0.46-0.0911-0.61+0.02
2021 R22Yas IslandAlpine3-0.17-0.29-0.3932-1.06+0.06

HOW THIS IS CALCULATED

The definitions behind every number on this page. The full specification lives with the pipeline code (backend/pipeline/signature/SPEC.md).

REGULATION ERAS

An era is a period under one set of technical rules. When the rules change, every car brakes, turns and wears its tyres differently, so a driver's style relative to the field can shift too. Signatures are therefore computed separately for each era, and the driver page shows the most recent era with at least one scored axis. These eras are defined by the car rules, separate from the storytelling eras elsewhere on the site.

ERAWHAT DEFINES ITDATA IN THIS DATASET
LATE HYBRID
2018–2021
THIS PAGE
1.6-litre V6 turbo hybrid power units, used since 2014, in the wider, higher-downforce cars on wider tyres introduced in 2017.
The era starts in 2018, the first season of the official timing archive, although its car rules date from 2017.
2018–2021
30 drivers scored
GROUND EFFECT
2022–2025
Most downforce comes from two Venturi tunnels under the floor, with simplified wings and 18-inch low-profile tyres, so that cars can follow each other more closely.
2022–2025
31 drivers scored
ACTIVE AERO
2026 onwards
Front and rear wings switch between a corner mode and a low-drag straight mode, replacing DRS. Cars are shorter, narrower and lighter (768 kg), the floor tunnels are gone, and power is split roughly half and half between combustion and electric, with the MGU-H removed and fully sustainable fuel.
Energy recovery is a bigger part of each lap: drivers lift off before braking to recharge and cars harvest at full throttle at the end of straights. Throttle and braking traces reflect energy management as well as driving style.
2026
22 drivers scored

THE FIELD

Every measurement is a difference from the other cars in the same session. Comparing within a session cancels out the track, the weather, the tyre generation and the overall speed of that year's cars, which is what makes different weekends comparable. For each corner, or each race, the driver's value has the field median subtracted and is divided by the field's spread (a robust z-score, capped at ±3). A value of +1 means one typical field spread better than the median driver.

FROM LAPS TO A SCORE

  1. Pick the laps. Qualifying: up to 3 push laps per driver, within 1% of their own best and 107% of the fastest lap, on dry tyres, not deleted for track limits and not run under red or yellow flags. Race: clean laps only, meaning not lap 1, no pit laps, no safety car, virtual safety car, red or yellow flag, dry tyres, at least 1.5 s behind the car ahead, and within 107% of the driver's stint median.
  2. Measure.Corners are the slowest points of the session's fastest lap (dips of at least 25km/h). Every lap is mapped onto that lap's line, so all drivers' brake points and apexes share one distance scale. Full throttle means 98% pedal or more, and a lift is a drop of 10points. In the race, each stint's lap times are corrected for fuel (0.055 s per lap of fuel still on board) and fitted against tyre age: the slope is degradation (at least 8 clean laps), and the scatter around the line is consistency (at least 6).
  3. Compare with the field. Each corner needs at least 8 field laps; tyre degradation is compared on the same compound when at least 4 stints used it.
  4. Combine over the era. A weighted average of the session values. An axis is only scored with at least 5 qualifying sessions and 150 lap-corners, or 5 races and 8 stints; otherwise it stays empty rather than guessed.
  5. Rank.The 0–100 score is the driver-era's percentile among every driver-era in the dataset, so 50 is typical.
  6. Confidence.The driver's sessions are resampled 400 times and re-ranked. The 90% range runs from the 5th to the 95th percentile of those ranks, and confidence is 1 minus the average width of the ranges.

COMPARISON GROUPS

ERA AVG

The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

ALL-TIME

The average of every driver-era in the dataset. Scores are ranks among those same driver-eras, so it sits at 50 on every axis by construction.

CHAMPIONS

World champions in the eras they won their titles, from the final standings of completed seasons. In the dataset: Lewis Hamilton (2018, 2019, 2020), Max Verstappen (2021, 2022, 2023, 2024), Lando Norris (2025).

TEAMMATES

The driver's teammates in this era, weighted by sessions shared. Same car, so this is the fairest comparison.

AXES

AXISMEASURESHIGHER MEANSDATA
STEERING SMOOTHNESSHow smoothly the driver steers through each corner.Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO
ENTRY AGGRESSIONSpeed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
TYRE MANAGEMENTHow fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT
THROTTLE APPLICATIONDistance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
BRAKINGWhere the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
CONSISTENCYHow much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

DATA AND COVERAGE

Source: Official F1 live-timing feed, read through TracingInsights' public FastF1 extraction (2018–2022) and the OpenF1 historical API (2023–2026). The feed gives car data (speed, throttle, brake on/off, gear) about 3.7 times a second, car positions, laps, tyre stints, gaps and race-control messages. It does not carry steering angle or brake pressure. 180 qualifying sessions and 186 races are scored.

SEASONWEEKENDSQUALIFYINGRACESNOT SCORED
20182120/2120/21
Australian qualifying: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
Australian race: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
20192121/2121/21—
20201715/1717/17
Styrian qualifying: wet
Turkish qualifying: wet
20212220/2222/22
Belgian qualifying: wet
Russian qualifying: mixed conditions, 6 drivers on dry tyres
20222220/2222/22
Canadian qualifying: wet
British qualifying: wet
20232221/2222/22
Dutch qualifying: mixed conditions, 9 drivers on dry tyres
20242422/2424/24
Belgian qualifying: wet
São Paulo qualifying: wet
20252422/2424/24
Azerbaijan qualifying: no lap data in the public feed
Las Vegas qualifying: wet
202619 (+4 still to run)19/1919/19—

KNOWN LIMITATIONS

  • The field includes faster and slower cars, so a driver in a quick car scores higher on car-sensitive measures such as minimum corner speed. The teammate comparison is where the car is held constant.
  • The braking point is not adjusted for approach speed: a driver who exits the previous corner faster arrives quicker and has to brake earlier. Braking describes style more than pace.
  • Tyre management cannot tell tyre wear apart from a driver deliberately controlling pace, so its ranges are wide.
  • From 2026, throttle and braking traces also reflect energy recovery (lifting before braking, harvesting at full throttle), not only driving style.
  • Steering smoothness needs steering angle, which no public feed carries. It is never estimated and will come from onboard video, along with seasons before 2018.

PIPELINE TIMING-0.1.0 · GENERATED 2026-11-02 · OFFICIAL F1 LIVE-TIMING FEED, READ THROUGH TRACINGINSIGHTS' PUBLIC FASTF1 EXTRACTION (2018–2022) AND THE OPENF1 HISTORICAL API (2023–2026)