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DRIVING SIGNATURE · FULL METRICS

Fernando Alonso

Ground effect era (2022–2025) · data from 2022–2025 · Aston Martin, Alpine

LATE HYBRID · 2018–2021GROUND EFFECT · 2022–2025ACTIVE AERO · 2026

LAPS USED

2,826

QUALIFYING

85

RACES

87

AXES SCORED

5/6

CONFIDENCE

0.81

How this is calculated — the era, the field, the comparison groups and every threshold.

OVERVIEW

Each axis is a 0–100 rank among every driver-era in the dataset, built from differences to the same-session field. The 90% range is where nine in ten resampled scores land. Rank is within the ground effect field.

STEERINGSMOOTHNESSPENDINGENTRY AGGRESSIONTYRE MANAGEMENTTHROTTLE APPLICATIONBRAKINGCONSISTENCY

DASHED: ERA AVG — The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

AXISSCORE90% RANGERANKERA AVGALL-TIMECHAMPIONSTEAMMATES
STEERINGPENDING——————
ENTRY4133–4418/2951509222
TYRE MGMT9690–992/3047505138
THROTTLE7260–758/2949507670
BRAKING7660–836/2951507855
CONSISTENCY3828–6519/3149508171

AXIS BY AXIS

What each axis measures, where the driver sits among this era's drivers, the raw differences behind the score, and how it moved from weekend to weekend.

ENTRY AGGRESSION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Speed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.

41/ 100
RANK 18 OF 29 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 33–44

Higher means: Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 29Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 78Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 51Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 12Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 31Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 38Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 82Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 71Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 55Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 35Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 3Liam Lawson (Racing Bulls): 50Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 83Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 28Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 64Lando Norris (McLaren): 97Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 34Sergio Perez (Red Bull Racing): 70Oscar Piastri (McLaren): 96Daniel Ricciardo (McLaren): 69George Russell (Mercedes): 76Carlos Sainz (Ferrari): 54Logan Sargeant (Williams): 20Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 19Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 48Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 80Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 43Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 23Fernando Alonso: 41

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

0.7 km/h less speed as the brake comes off.

1.0 km/h lower minimum corner speed.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2022202320242025
2022 Sakhir: -0.022022 Jeddah: +0.362022 Melbourne: -0.452022 Imola: +0.452022 Miami: -0.182022 Barcelona: -0.342022 Monaco: +0.122022 Baku: -1.042022 Montréal: no usable session2022 Silverstone: no usable session2022 Spielberg: +0.032022 Le Castellet: -0.222022 Budapest: +0.372022 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.262022 Zandvoort: -0.422022 Monza: +0.152022 Marina Bay: +0.082022 Suzuka: -0.082022 Austin: -0.152022 Mexico City: -0.012022 São Paulo: -0.392022 Yas Island: -0.462023 Sakhir: +0.062023 Jeddah: +1.012023 Melbourne: +0.202023 Baku: -0.342023 Miami: -0.562023 Monte Carlo: +0.192023 Catalunya: +0.272023 Montreal: -0.372023 Spielberg: -0.012023 Silverstone: -0.312023 Hungaroring: +0.272023 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.552023 Zandvoort: no usable session2023 Monza: -0.342023 Singapore: +0.062023 Suzuka: -0.242023 Lusail: +0.152023 Austin: -0.252023 Mexico City: -0.872023 Interlagos: +0.032023 Las Vegas: +0.172023 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.672024 Sakhir: -0.052024 Jeddah: +0.812024 Melbourne: -0.072024 Suzuka: -0.342024 Shanghai: -0.652024 Miami: -0.432024 Imola: -1.012024 Monte Carlo: -0.892024 Montreal: -0.472024 Catalunya: +0.102024 Spielberg: -0.302024 Silverstone: -0.142024 Hungaroring: -0.142024 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2024 Zandvoort: -0.032024 Monza: -0.342024 Baku: -0.462024 Singapore: -0.252024 Austin: -0.402024 Mexico City: -0.512024 Las Vegas: -0.532024 Lusail: +0.192024 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.342025 Melbourne: -0.522025 Shanghai: -0.842025 Suzuka: -0.812025 Sakhir: -0.832025 Jeddah: -0.312025 Miami: -1.242025 Imola: +0.022025 Monte Carlo: +0.032025 Catalunya: +0.032025 Montreal: -0.372025 Spielberg: -0.492025 Silverstone: -0.232025 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.422025 Hungaroring: -0.262025 Zandvoort: -0.202025 Monza: -0.442025 Baku: no usable session2025 Singapore: -0.612025 Austin: -0.812025 Mexico City: -0.582025 Interlagos: -0.572025 Las Vegas: no usable session2025 Lusail: +0.322025 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.38

85 SESSIONS · 1689 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

TYRE MANAGEMENT

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.

96/ 100
RANK 2 OF 30 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 90–99

Higher means: Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 65Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 85Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 90Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 5Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 14Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 21Nyck De Vries (AlphaTauri): 12Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 27Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 51Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 55Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 23Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 7Liam Lawson (Racing Bulls): 76Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 41Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 19Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 32Lando Norris (McLaren): 57Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 66Sergio Perez (Red Bull Racing): 13Oscar Piastri (McLaren): 77Daniel Ricciardo (McLaren): 73George Russell (Mercedes): 71Carlos Sainz (Ferrari): 68Logan Sargeant (Williams): 1Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 30Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 45Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 48Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 97Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 31Fernando Alonso: 96

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Loses 0.042 s per lap of tyre age after fuel correction, 0.008 s/lap less than the race median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2022202320242025
2022 Sakhir: -0.742022 Jeddah: +3.002022 Melbourne: +1.952022 Imola: no usable session2022 Miami: -0.282022 Barcelona: +0.692022 Monaco: 0.002022 Baku: +0.372022 Montréal: -0.392022 Silverstone: +0.022022 Spielberg: +1.512022 Le Castellet: +0.752022 Budapest: +1.302022 Spa-Francorchamps: +1.572022 Zandvoort: -0.172022 Monza: -3.002022 Marina Bay: no usable session2022 Suzuka: no usable session2022 Austin: +0.542022 Mexico City: -0.602022 São Paulo: +0.992022 Yas Island: no usable session2023 Sakhir: +1.022023 Jeddah: +0.592023 Melbourne: +2.092023 Baku: +1.892023 Miami: +0.402023 Monte Carlo: +0.592023 Catalunya: +0.832023 Montreal: -0.302023 Spielberg: +0.732023 Silverstone: +0.652023 Hungaroring: +1.142023 Spa-Francorchamps: +1.392023 Zandvoort: +0.812023 Monza: +0.982023 Singapore: +0.332023 Suzuka: -0.222023 Lusail: +0.412023 Austin: +0.332023 Mexico City: -0.152023 Interlagos: +0.712023 Las Vegas: no usable session2023 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.482024 Sakhir: +0.472024 Jeddah: +0.542024 Melbourne: +0.592024 Suzuka: +0.292024 Shanghai: -0.242024 Miami: +0.672024 Imola: -2.142024 Monte Carlo: -0.052024 Montreal: -0.422024 Catalunya: +0.382024 Spielberg: -0.842024 Silverstone: +0.152024 Hungaroring: +1.142024 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.992024 Zandvoort: +0.772024 Monza: +0.322024 Baku: +1.122024 Singapore: +1.092024 Austin: 0.002024 Mexico City: no usable session2024 Las Vegas: -0.772024 Lusail: -0.102024 Yas Marina Circuit: 0.002025 Melbourne: no usable session2025 Shanghai: no usable session2025 Suzuka: -0.352025 Sakhir: -0.382025 Jeddah: +1.182025 Miami: 0.002025 Imola: +0.092025 Monte Carlo: +0.692025 Catalunya: -0.602025 Montreal: +0.022025 Spielberg: no usable session2025 Silverstone: -0.672025 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2025 Hungaroring: +0.852025 Zandvoort: -0.732025 Monza: no usable session2025 Baku: +0.032025 Singapore: +0.872025 Austin: +0.452025 Mexico City: -3.002025 Interlagos: -0.792025 Las Vegas: -2.562025 Lusail: +1.012025 Yas Marina Circuit: +1.54

80 SESSIONS · 136 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

THROTTLE APPLICATION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Distance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.

72/ 100
RANK 8 OF 29 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 60–75

Higher means: Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 3Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 65Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 28Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 55Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 41Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 8Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 80Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 82Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 38Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 48Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 6Liam Lawson (Racing Bulls): 77Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 40Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 44Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 23Lando Norris (McLaren): 52Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 15Sergio Perez (Red Bull Racing): 99Oscar Piastri (McLaren): 31Daniel Ricciardo (McLaren): 59George Russell (Mercedes): 81Carlos Sainz (Ferrari): 50Logan Sargeant (Williams): 10Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 86Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 71Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 98Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 51Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 14Fernando Alonso: 72

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Reaches full throttle 2.4 m closer to the apex than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2022202320242025
2022 Sakhir: 0.002022 Jeddah: +0.232022 Melbourne: +0.222022 Imola: +0.492022 Miami: +0.392022 Barcelona: +0.182022 Monaco: -0.042022 Baku: -0.322022 Montréal: no usable session2022 Silverstone: no usable session2022 Spielberg: +0.432022 Le Castellet: +0.052022 Budapest: +0.242022 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.172022 Zandvoort: -0.022022 Monza: +0.152022 Marina Bay: +0.192022 Suzuka: +0.182022 Austin: +0.152022 Mexico City: +0.052022 São Paulo: +0.132022 Yas Island: -0.172023 Sakhir: -0.062023 Jeddah: -0.032023 Melbourne: +0.022023 Baku: -0.382023 Miami: +0.092023 Monte Carlo: -0.172023 Catalunya: +0.072023 Montreal: -0.262023 Spielberg: +0.092023 Silverstone: +0.222023 Hungaroring: +0.132023 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.182023 Zandvoort: no usable session2023 Monza: +0.172023 Singapore: -0.562023 Suzuka: +0.352023 Lusail: +0.052023 Austin: -0.402023 Mexico City: +0.042023 Interlagos: -0.052023 Las Vegas: +0.272023 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.072024 Sakhir: +0.272024 Jeddah: +0.362024 Melbourne: -0.152024 Suzuka: +0.402024 Shanghai: +0.022024 Miami: -0.102024 Imola: +0.292024 Monte Carlo: -0.432024 Montreal: -0.332024 Catalunya: +0.202024 Spielberg: +0.262024 Silverstone: +0.262024 Hungaroring: +0.052024 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2024 Zandvoort: +0.192024 Monza: +0.102024 Baku: +0.232024 Singapore: +0.052024 Austin: -0.192024 Mexico City: -0.012024 Las Vegas: -0.192024 Lusail: +0.172024 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.252025 Melbourne: -0.212025 Shanghai: -0.102025 Suzuka: +0.292025 Sakhir: +0.062025 Jeddah: +0.092025 Miami: -0.262025 Imola: -0.082025 Monte Carlo: 0.002025 Catalunya: -0.152025 Montreal: -0.252025 Spielberg: +0.142025 Silverstone: +0.292025 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.552025 Hungaroring: +0.082025 Zandvoort: +0.142025 Monza: +0.202025 Baku: no usable session2025 Singapore: +0.042025 Austin: +0.302025 Mexico City: +0.202025 Interlagos: +0.202025 Las Vegas: no usable session2025 Lusail: +0.162025 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.40

85 SESSIONS · 1593 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

BRAKING

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Where the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.

76/ 100
RANK 6 OF 29 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 60–83

Higher means: Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 22Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 62Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 41Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 23Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 36Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 18Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 64Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 82Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 77Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 48Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 3Liam Lawson (Racing Bulls): 51Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 67Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 34Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 19Lando Norris (McLaren): 80Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 20Sergio Perez (Red Bull Racing): 45Oscar Piastri (McLaren): 83Daniel Ricciardo (McLaren): 71George Russell (Mercedes): 72Carlos Sainz (Ferrari): 35Logan Sargeant (Williams): 28Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 65Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 87Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 56Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 50Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 54Fernando Alonso: 76

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Starts braking 2.6 m later than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2022202320242025
2022 Sakhir: +0.072022 Jeddah: +0.302022 Melbourne: -0.212022 Imola: +0.362022 Miami: -0.392022 Barcelona: -0.572022 Monaco: +0.102022 Baku: -0.552022 Montréal: no usable session2022 Silverstone: no usable session2022 Spielberg: -0.092022 Le Castellet: +0.312022 Budapest: -0.042022 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.532022 Zandvoort: -0.542022 Monza: +0.372022 Marina Bay: -0.052022 Suzuka: +0.152022 Austin: +0.222022 Mexico City: -0.432022 São Paulo: -0.282022 Yas Island: -0.342023 Sakhir: +0.612023 Jeddah: +0.682023 Melbourne: +1.592023 Baku: +0.042023 Miami: +0.492023 Monte Carlo: +0.542023 Catalunya: +0.572023 Montreal: -0.472023 Spielberg: +0.222023 Silverstone: +0.342023 Hungaroring: +0.122023 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.212023 Zandvoort: no usable session2023 Monza: +0.582023 Singapore: +0.142023 Suzuka: +0.322023 Lusail: -0.232023 Austin: -0.122023 Mexico City: -0.172023 Interlagos: +0.652023 Las Vegas: +0.702023 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.612024 Sakhir: +0.752024 Jeddah: +0.442024 Melbourne: +0.422024 Suzuka: +0.582024 Shanghai: +0.452024 Miami: +0.192024 Imola: +0.392024 Monte Carlo: -0.262024 Montreal: +0.182024 Catalunya: +0.182024 Spielberg: +0.082024 Silverstone: -0.092024 Hungaroring: +0.042024 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2024 Zandvoort: +0.322024 Monza: +0.162024 Baku: -0.482024 Singapore: +0.092024 Austin: +0.162024 Mexico City: -0.192024 Las Vegas: +0.032024 Lusail: -0.232024 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.282025 Melbourne: +0.472025 Shanghai: +0.652025 Suzuka: +0.212025 Sakhir: +0.162025 Jeddah: +0.532025 Miami: +0.052025 Imola: +0.342025 Monte Carlo: -0.172025 Catalunya: +0.022025 Montreal: +0.032025 Spielberg: -0.032025 Silverstone: +0.172025 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.182025 Hungaroring: +0.182025 Zandvoort: +0.452025 Monza: -0.402025 Baku: no usable session2025 Singapore: -0.742025 Austin: +0.012025 Mexico City: -0.212025 Interlagos: +0.342025 Las Vegas: no usable session2025 Lusail: +0.192025 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.49

85 SESSIONS · 1538 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

CONSISTENCY

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.

38/ 100
RANK 19 OF 31 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 28–65

Higher means: Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 62Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 81Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 36Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 25Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 21Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 39Nyck De Vries (AlphaTauri): 33Jack Doohan (Alpine): 9Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 79Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 55Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 46Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 19Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 5Liam Lawson (Racing Bulls): 70Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 72Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 11Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 13Lando Norris (McLaren): 75Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 83Sergio Perez (Red Bull Racing): 52Oscar Piastri (McLaren): 56Daniel Ricciardo (McLaren): 31George Russell (Mercedes): 93Carlos Sainz (Ferrari): 89Logan Sargeant (Williams): 16Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 68Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 42Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 97Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 78Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 20Fernando Alonso: 38

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Lap times scatter 0.321 s around the stint trend, 0.041 s looser than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2022202320242025
2022 Sakhir: +0.272022 Jeddah: -0.122022 Melbourne: -1.282022 Imola: no usable session2022 Miami: -0.142022 Barcelona: +0.412022 Monaco: -1.332022 Baku: +0.442022 Montréal: -0.632022 Silverstone: 0.002022 Spielberg: +0.462022 Le Castellet: +0.372022 Budapest: -0.552022 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.402022 Zandvoort: -0.542022 Monza: -3.002022 Marina Bay: no usable session2022 Suzuka: no usable session2022 Austin: +0.212022 Mexico City: -0.592022 São Paulo: -0.552022 Yas Island: no usable session2023 Sakhir: -0.982023 Jeddah: -0.462023 Melbourne: +0.042023 Baku: -2.602023 Miami: -0.902023 Monte Carlo: +0.092023 Catalunya: -0.072023 Montreal: -0.202023 Spielberg: +0.012023 Silverstone: +0.292023 Hungaroring: +0.182023 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.482023 Zandvoort: -0.572023 Monza: +0.582023 Singapore: +0.212023 Suzuka: +0.492023 Lusail: +0.352023 Austin: -0.072023 Mexico City: -1.982023 Interlagos: +0.432023 Las Vegas: +0.672023 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.522024 Sakhir: -1.362024 Jeddah: 0.002024 Melbourne: +0.312024 Suzuka: +0.152024 Shanghai: -1.162024 Miami: +0.062024 Imola: -0.722024 Monte Carlo: +0.132024 Montreal: +0.742024 Catalunya: -0.282024 Spielberg: -1.492024 Silverstone: +0.182024 Hungaroring: -1.562024 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.302024 Zandvoort: -1.782024 Monza: +0.422024 Baku: +0.152024 Singapore: +0.322024 Austin: -0.082024 Mexico City: no usable session2024 Las Vegas: -0.262024 Lusail: +0.582024 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.442025 Melbourne: no usable session2025 Shanghai: no usable session2025 Suzuka: +0.562025 Sakhir: -1.182025 Jeddah: -0.672025 Miami: -3.002025 Imola: -2.922025 Monte Carlo: +0.412025 Catalunya: +0.692025 Montreal: -2.262025 Spielberg: -1.112025 Silverstone: -0.162025 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2025 Hungaroring: -1.062025 Zandvoort: -1.502025 Monza: no usable session2025 Baku: -1.302025 Singapore: +0.032025 Austin: +0.462025 Mexico City: +0.342025 Interlagos: -0.072025 Las Vegas: -1.162025 Lusail: -0.612025 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.83

82 SESSIONS · 151 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

STEERING SMOOTHNESS

NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO

How smoothly the driver steers through each corner.

PENDING

Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.

TEAMMATES

Same car, same sessions. Each cell is the average difference over the sessions they shared, in field-spread units: +0.30 means 0.3 of a typical field spread better on that axis. Qualifying H2H is the share of shared qualifying sessions where Alonso's best lap was faster.

TEAMMATESHAREDQUALI H2HENTRYTYRE MGMTTHROTTLEBRAKINGCONSISTENCY
Lance Stroll128
63 Q · 65 R
89%+0.25+0.61-0.10+0.01-0.34
Esteban Ocon37
18 Q · 19 R
56%-0.04+0.02+0.37+0.11-0.70

SESSION LOG

Every weekend in this era. Values are the difference from that session's field in field-spread units, green better and red worse. A dash means the session was skipped (wet, or no data) or the driver had no usable laps.

WEEKENDCIRCUITTEAMQ LAPSBRAKINGENTRYTHROTTLERACE LAPSCONSISTENCYTYRE MGMT
2022 R01SakhirAlpine3+0.07-0.020.0020+0.27-0.74
2022 R02JeddahAlpine3+0.30+0.36+0.2317-0.12+3.00
2022 R03MelbourneAlpine3-0.21-0.45+0.2211-1.28+1.95
2022 R04ImolaAlpine2+0.36+0.45+0.49———
2022 R05MiamiAlpine3-0.39-0.18+0.3923-0.14-0.28
2022 R06BarcelonaAlpine1-0.57-0.34+0.1844+0.41+0.69
2022 R07MonacoAlpine3+0.10+0.12-0.0429-1.330.00
2022 R08BakuAlpine3-0.55-1.04-0.3235+0.44+0.37
2022 R09MontréalAlpine————31-0.63-0.39
2022 R10SilverstoneAlpine————250.00+0.02
2022 R11SpielbergAlpine3-0.09+0.03+0.4323+0.46+1.51
2022 R12Le CastelletAlpine3+0.31-0.22+0.0543+0.37+0.75
2022 R13BudapestAlpine3-0.04+0.37+0.2439-0.55+1.30
2022 R14Spa-FrancorchampsAlpine3+0.53+0.26+0.1724-0.40+1.57
2022 R15ZandvoortAlpine3-0.54-0.42-0.0217-0.54-0.17
2022 R16MonzaAlpine3+0.37+0.15+0.1510-3.00-3.00
2022 R17Marina BayAlpine2-0.05+0.08+0.19———
2022 R18SuzukaAlpine3+0.15-0.08+0.18———
2022 R19AustinAlpine3+0.22-0.15+0.1528+0.21+0.54
2022 R20Mexico CityAlpine3-0.43-0.01+0.0557-0.59-0.60
2022 R21São PauloAlpine2-0.28-0.39+0.1327-0.55+0.99
2022 R22Yas IslandAlpine3-0.34-0.46-0.170——
2023 R01SakhirAston Martin3+0.61+0.06-0.0632-0.98+1.02
2023 R02JeddahAston Martin3+0.68+1.01-0.0338-0.46+0.59
2023 R03MelbourneAston Martin3+1.59+0.20+0.0229+0.04+2.09
2023 R04BakuAston Martin3+0.04-0.34-0.3829-2.60+1.89
2023 R05MiamiAston Martin3+0.49-0.56+0.0944-0.90+0.40
2023 R06Monte CarloAston Martin3+0.54+0.19-0.1747+0.09+0.59
2023 R07CatalunyaAston Martin3+0.57+0.27+0.0742-0.07+0.83
2023 R08MontrealAston Martin1-0.47-0.37-0.2644-0.20-0.30
2023 R09SpielbergAston Martin3+0.22-0.01+0.0957+0.01+0.73
2023 R10SilverstoneAston Martin3+0.34-0.31+0.2234+0.29+0.65
2023 R11HungaroringAston Martin3+0.12+0.27+0.1359+0.18+1.14
2023 R12Spa-FrancorchampsAston Martin1+0.21-0.55+0.1834-0.48+1.39
2023 R13ZandvoortAston Martin————31-0.57+0.81
2023 R14MonzaAston Martin3+0.58-0.34+0.1735+0.58+0.98
2023 R15SingaporeAston Martin3+0.14+0.06-0.5625+0.21+0.33
2023 R16SuzukaAston Martin3+0.32-0.24+0.3525+0.49-0.22
2023 R17LusailAston Martin1-0.23+0.15+0.0530+0.35+0.41
2023 R18AustinAston Martin3-0.12-0.25-0.4025-0.07+0.33
2023 R19Mexico CityAston Martin2-0.17-0.87+0.0417-1.98-0.15
2023 R20InterlagosAston Martin3+0.65+0.03-0.0558+0.43+0.71
2023 R21Las VegasAston Martin3+0.70+0.17+0.276+0.67—
2023 R22Yas Marina CircuitAston Martin3+0.61-0.67+0.0722+0.52+0.48
2024 R01SakhirAston Martin3+0.75-0.05+0.2736-1.36+0.47
2024 R02JeddahAston Martin3+0.44+0.81+0.36390.00+0.54
2024 R03MelbourneAston Martin3+0.42-0.07-0.1536+0.31+0.59
2024 R04SuzukaAston Martin3+0.58-0.34+0.4040+0.15+0.29
2024 R05ShanghaiAston Martin3+0.45-0.65+0.0230-1.16-0.24
2024 R06MiamiAston Martin3+0.19-0.43-0.1019+0.06+0.67
2024 R07ImolaAston Martin1+0.39-1.01+0.2940-0.72-2.14
2024 R08Monte CarloAston Martin2-0.26-0.89-0.4368+0.13-0.05
2024 R09MontrealAston Martin3+0.18-0.47-0.3312+0.74-0.42
2024 R10CatalunyaAston Martin3+0.18+0.10+0.2043-0.28+0.38
2024 R11SpielbergAston Martin3+0.08-0.30+0.2624-1.49-0.84
2024 R12SilverstoneAston Martin3-0.09-0.14+0.2623+0.18+0.15
2024 R13HungaroringAston Martin3+0.04-0.14+0.0548-1.56+1.14
2024 R14Spa-FrancorchampsAston Martin————31+0.30+0.99
2024 R15ZandvoortAston Martin3+0.32-0.03+0.1950-1.78+0.77
2024 R16MonzaAston Martin3+0.16-0.34+0.1026+0.42+0.32
2024 R17BakuAston Martin3-0.48-0.46+0.2342+0.15+1.12
2024 R18SingaporeAston Martin3+0.09-0.25+0.0533+0.32+1.09
2024 R19AustinAston Martin3+0.16-0.40-0.1931-0.080.00
2024 R20Mexico CityAston Martin2-0.19-0.51-0.010——
2024 R22Las VegasAston Martin2+0.03-0.53-0.1924-0.26-0.77
2024 R23LusailAston Martin3-0.23+0.19+0.1727+0.58-0.10
2024 R24Yas Marina CircuitAston Martin3+0.28-0.34+0.2534+0.440.00
2025 R01MelbourneAston Martin3+0.47-0.52-0.21———
2025 R02ShanghaiAston Martin3+0.65-0.84-0.100——
2025 R03SuzukaAston Martin3+0.21-0.81+0.2945+0.56-0.35
2025 R04SakhirAston Martin3+0.16-0.83+0.0633-1.18-0.38
2025 R05JeddahAston Martin3+0.53-0.31+0.0925-0.67+1.18
2025 R06MiamiAston Martin3+0.05-1.24-0.2621-3.000.00
2025 R07ImolaAston Martin3+0.34+0.02-0.0825-2.92+0.09
2025 R08Monte CarloAston Martin3-0.17+0.030.0019+0.41+0.69
2025 R09CatalunyaAston Martin2+0.02+0.03-0.1518+0.69-0.60
2025 R10MontrealAston Martin3+0.03-0.37-0.2526-2.26+0.02
2025 R11SpielbergAston Martin2-0.03-0.49+0.147-1.11—
2025 R12SilverstoneAston Martin3+0.17-0.23+0.298-0.16-0.67
2025 R13Spa-FrancorchampsAston Martin2+0.18-0.42+0.550——
2025 R14HungaroringAston Martin3+0.18-0.26+0.0866-1.06+0.85
2025 R15ZandvoortAston Martin3+0.45-0.20+0.149-1.50-0.73
2025 R16MonzaAston Martin3-0.40-0.44+0.200——
2025 R17BakuAston Martin————21-1.30+0.03
2025 R18SingaporeAston Martin3-0.74-0.61+0.0449+0.03+0.87
2025 R19AustinAston Martin3+0.01-0.81+0.3044+0.46+0.45
2025 R20Mexico CityAston Martin3-0.21-0.58+0.209+0.34-3.00
2025 R21InterlagosAston Martin3+0.34-0.57+0.2043-0.07-0.79
2025 R22Las VegasAston Martin————17-1.16-2.56
2025 R23LusailAston Martin3+0.19+0.32+0.1640-0.61+1.01
2025 R24Yas Marina CircuitAston Martin3+0.49-0.38+0.4044-0.83+1.54

HOW THIS IS CALCULATED

The definitions behind every number on this page. The full specification lives with the pipeline code (backend/pipeline/signature/SPEC.md).

REGULATION ERAS

An era is a period under one set of technical rules. When the rules change, every car brakes, turns and wears its tyres differently, so a driver's style relative to the field can shift too. Signatures are therefore computed separately for each era, and the driver page shows the most recent era with at least one scored axis. These eras are defined by the car rules, separate from the storytelling eras elsewhere on the site.

ERAWHAT DEFINES ITDATA IN THIS DATASET
LATE HYBRID
2018–2021
1.6-litre V6 turbo hybrid power units, used since 2014, in the wider, higher-downforce cars on wider tyres introduced in 2017.
The era starts in 2018, the first season of the official timing archive, although its car rules date from 2017.
2018–2021
30 drivers scored
GROUND EFFECT
2022–2025
THIS PAGE
Most downforce comes from two Venturi tunnels under the floor, with simplified wings and 18-inch low-profile tyres, so that cars can follow each other more closely.
2022–2025
31 drivers scored
ACTIVE AERO
2026 onwards
Front and rear wings switch between a corner mode and a low-drag straight mode, replacing DRS. Cars are shorter, narrower and lighter (768 kg), the floor tunnels are gone, and power is split roughly half and half between combustion and electric, with the MGU-H removed and fully sustainable fuel.
Energy recovery is a bigger part of each lap: drivers lift off before braking to recharge and cars harvest at full throttle at the end of straights. Throttle and braking traces reflect energy management as well as driving style.
2026
22 drivers scored

THE FIELD

Every measurement is a difference from the other cars in the same session. Comparing within a session cancels out the track, the weather, the tyre generation and the overall speed of that year's cars, which is what makes different weekends comparable. For each corner, or each race, the driver's value has the field median subtracted and is divided by the field's spread (a robust z-score, capped at ±3). A value of +1 means one typical field spread better than the median driver.

FROM LAPS TO A SCORE

  1. Pick the laps. Qualifying: up to 3 push laps per driver, within 1% of their own best and 107% of the fastest lap, on dry tyres, not deleted for track limits and not run under red or yellow flags. Race: clean laps only, meaning not lap 1, no pit laps, no safety car, virtual safety car, red or yellow flag, dry tyres, at least 1.5 s behind the car ahead, and within 107% of the driver's stint median.
  2. Measure.Corners are the slowest points of the session's fastest lap (dips of at least 25km/h). Every lap is mapped onto that lap's line, so all drivers' brake points and apexes share one distance scale. Full throttle means 98% pedal or more, and a lift is a drop of 10points. In the race, each stint's lap times are corrected for fuel (0.055 s per lap of fuel still on board) and fitted against tyre age: the slope is degradation (at least 8 clean laps), and the scatter around the line is consistency (at least 6).
  3. Compare with the field. Each corner needs at least 8 field laps; tyre degradation is compared on the same compound when at least 4 stints used it.
  4. Combine over the era. A weighted average of the session values. An axis is only scored with at least 5 qualifying sessions and 150 lap-corners, or 5 races and 8 stints; otherwise it stays empty rather than guessed.
  5. Rank.The 0–100 score is the driver-era's percentile among every driver-era in the dataset, so 50 is typical.
  6. Confidence.The driver's sessions are resampled 400 times and re-ranked. The 90% range runs from the 5th to the 95th percentile of those ranks, and confidence is 1 minus the average width of the ranges.

COMPARISON GROUPS

ERA AVG

The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

ALL-TIME

The average of every driver-era in the dataset. Scores are ranks among those same driver-eras, so it sits at 50 on every axis by construction.

CHAMPIONS

World champions in the eras they won their titles, from the final standings of completed seasons. In the dataset: Lewis Hamilton (2018, 2019, 2020), Max Verstappen (2021, 2022, 2023, 2024), Lando Norris (2025).

TEAMMATES

The driver's teammates in this era, weighted by sessions shared. Same car, so this is the fairest comparison.

AXES

AXISMEASURESHIGHER MEANSDATA
STEERING SMOOTHNESSHow smoothly the driver steers through each corner.Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO
ENTRY AGGRESSIONSpeed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
TYRE MANAGEMENTHow fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT
THROTTLE APPLICATIONDistance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
BRAKINGWhere the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
CONSISTENCYHow much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

DATA AND COVERAGE

Source: Official F1 live-timing feed, read through TracingInsights' public FastF1 extraction (2018–2022) and the OpenF1 historical API (2023–2026). The feed gives car data (speed, throttle, brake on/off, gear) about 3.7 times a second, car positions, laps, tyre stints, gaps and race-control messages. It does not carry steering angle or brake pressure. 180 qualifying sessions and 186 races are scored.

SEASONWEEKENDSQUALIFYINGRACESNOT SCORED
20182120/2120/21
Australian qualifying: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
Australian race: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
20192121/2121/21—
20201715/1717/17
Styrian qualifying: wet
Turkish qualifying: wet
20212220/2222/22
Belgian qualifying: wet
Russian qualifying: mixed conditions, 6 drivers on dry tyres
20222220/2222/22
Canadian qualifying: wet
British qualifying: wet
20232221/2222/22
Dutch qualifying: mixed conditions, 9 drivers on dry tyres
20242422/2424/24
Belgian qualifying: wet
São Paulo qualifying: wet
20252422/2424/24
Azerbaijan qualifying: no lap data in the public feed
Las Vegas qualifying: wet
202619 (+4 still to run)19/1919/19—

KNOWN LIMITATIONS

  • The field includes faster and slower cars, so a driver in a quick car scores higher on car-sensitive measures such as minimum corner speed. The teammate comparison is where the car is held constant.
  • The braking point is not adjusted for approach speed: a driver who exits the previous corner faster arrives quicker and has to brake earlier. Braking describes style more than pace.
  • Tyre management cannot tell tyre wear apart from a driver deliberately controlling pace, so its ranges are wide.
  • From 2026, throttle and braking traces also reflect energy recovery (lifting before braking, harvesting at full throttle), not only driving style.
  • Steering smoothness needs steering angle, which no public feed carries. It is never estimated and will come from onboard video, along with seasons before 2018.

PIPELINE TIMING-0.1.0 · GENERATED 2026-11-02 · OFFICIAL F1 LIVE-TIMING FEED, READ THROUGH TRACINGINSIGHTS' PUBLIC FASTF1 EXTRACTION (2018–2022) AND THE OPENF1 HISTORICAL API (2023–2026)