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DRIVING SIGNATURE · FULL METRICS

Daniel Ricciardo

Late hybrid era (2018–2021) · data from 2018–2021 · Renault, McLaren, Red Bull Racing

LATE HYBRID · 2018–2021GROUND EFFECT · 2022–2024

LAPS USED

2,447

QUALIFYING

76

RACES

75

AXES SCORED

5/6

CONFIDENCE

0.74

How this is calculated — the era, the field, the comparison groups and every threshold.

OVERVIEW

Each axis is a 0–100 rank among every driver-era in the dataset, built from differences to the same-session field. The 90% range is where nine in ten resampled scores land. Rank is within the late hybrid field.

STEERINGSMOOTHNESSPENDINGENTRY AGGRESSIONTYRE MANAGEMENTTHROTTLE APPLICATIONBRAKINGCONSISTENCY

DASHED: ERA AVG — The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

AXISSCORE90% RANGERANKERA AVGALL-TIMECHAMPIONSTEAMMATES
STEERINGPENDING——————
ENTRY9083–934/3047509272
TYRE MGMT8757–965/3053505173
THROTTLE6756–759/3050507653
BRAKING7360–838/3049507861
CONSISTENCY7346–867/3049508178

AXIS BY AXIS

What each axis measures, where the driver sits among this era's drivers, the raw differences behind the score, and how it moved from weekend to weekend.

ENTRY AGGRESSION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Speed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.

90/ 100
RANK 4 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 83–93

Higher means: Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 77Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 40Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 99Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 65Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 81Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 33Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 25Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 98Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 46Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 73Robert Kubica (Williams): 1Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 44Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 6Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 59Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 27Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 2Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 13Lando Norris (McLaren): 67Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 49Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 45Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 24George Russell (Williams): 22Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 52Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 4Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 17Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 61Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 15Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 93Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 66Daniel Ricciardo: 90

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

3.0 km/h more speed as the brake comes off.

2.2 km/h higher minimum corner speed.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2018201920202021
2018 Sakhir: +1.332018 Shanghai: +0.672018 Baku: +1.462018 Barcelona: +1.492018 Monte Carlo: +1.452018 Montréal: +1.182018 Le Castellet: +1.142018 Spielberg: +1.212018 Silverstone: +0.872018 Hockenheim: +0.482018 Budapest: +0.802018 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.702018 Monza: +0.702018 Singapore: +1.262018 Sochi: +1.582018 Suzuka: +0.922018 Austin: +1.412018 Mexico City: +1.602018 São Paulo: +1.122018 Yas Marina: +1.732019 Melbourne: +0.452019 Sakhir: +0.222019 Shanghai: +0.782019 Baku: +0.262019 Barcelona: +0.852019 Monte Carlo: +0.892019 Montréal: +0.802019 Le Castellet: +0.532019 Spielberg: +0.402019 Silverstone: +0.182019 Hockenheim: +0.572019 Budapest: -0.172019 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.392019 Monza: +0.552019 Singapore: +0.612019 Sochi: +0.412019 Suzuka: -0.142019 Mexico City: +0.132019 Austin: +0.612019 São Paulo: +0.542019 Yas Island: +0.522020 Spielberg: +0.242020 Spielberg: no usable session2020 Budapest: +0.742020 Silverstone: +0.582020 Silverstone: +0.752020 Barcelona: +0.472020 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.622020 Monza: +0.462020 Mugello: +0.282020 Sochi: +0.822020 Nürburgring: +1.032020 Portimão: +0.502020 Imola: +0.432020 Sakhir: +0.572020 Sakhir: +0.822020 Yas Island: +0.482021 Sakhir: -0.042021 Imola: +0.032021 Portimão: -0.642021 Barcelona: 0.002021 Monte Carlo: -0.242021 Baku: -0.272021 Le Castellet: -0.292021 Spielberg: -0.292021 Spielberg: -0.642021 Silverstone: +0.272021 Budapest: -0.492021 Zandvoort: -0.292021 Monza: +0.712021 Sochi: no usable session2021 Istanbul: -0.632021 Austin: +0.012021 Mexico City: +0.082021 São Paulo: -0.482021 Lusail: -0.822021 Jeddah: -0.532021 Yas Island: +0.37

76 SESSIONS · 1508 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

TYRE MANAGEMENT

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.

87/ 100
RANK 5 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 57–96

Higher means: Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 63Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 93Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 10Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 84Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 49Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 15Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 47Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 59Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 79Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 88Robert Kubica (Williams): 8Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 36Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 54Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 18Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 75Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 4Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 16Lando Norris (McLaren): 81Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 86Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 60Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 46George Russell (Williams): 64Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 74Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 9Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 26Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 98Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 91Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 38Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 20Daniel Ricciardo: 87

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Loses 0.032 s per lap of tyre age after fuel correction, 0.009 s/lap less than the race median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2018201920202021
2018 Sakhir: no usable session2018 Shanghai: +1.232018 Baku: +1.042018 Barcelona: +0.092018 Monte Carlo: +1.112018 Montréal: 0.002018 Le Castellet: -0.842018 Spielberg: -1.342018 Silverstone: no usable session2018 Hockenheim: +2.202018 Budapest: -1.272018 Spa-Francorchamps: +1.282018 Monza: +2.502018 Singapore: -1.112018 Sochi: -0.072018 Suzuka: +0.722018 Austin: no usable session2018 Mexico City: +1.072018 São Paulo: +1.342018 Yas Marina: -1.302019 Melbourne: +0.842019 Sakhir: +0.642019 Shanghai: +0.642019 Baku: +1.522019 Barcelona: no usable session2019 Monte Carlo: +1.522019 Montréal: -2.342019 Le Castellet: +0.222019 Spielberg: +0.082019 Silverstone: no usable session2019 Hockenheim: no usable session2019 Budapest: +0.632019 Spa-Francorchamps: -1.462019 Monza: +0.512019 Singapore: no usable session2019 Sochi: no usable session2019 Suzuka: -0.112019 Mexico City: +0.122019 Austin: +0.782019 São Paulo: +1.172019 Yas Island: no usable session2020 Spielberg: no usable session2020 Spielberg: +0.492020 Budapest: -0.572020 Silverstone: no usable session2020 Silverstone: -0.292020 Barcelona: +1.262020 Spa-Francorchamps: +1.252020 Monza: no usable session2020 Mugello: +1.942020 Sochi: +0.472020 Nürburgring: +0.402020 Portimão: -0.962020 Imola: -0.112020 Sakhir: +0.042020 Sakhir: +0.342020 Yas Island: +1.322021 Sakhir: +0.332021 Imola: -1.312021 Portimão: +0.552021 Barcelona: +0.542021 Monte Carlo: -0.412021 Baku: +0.072021 Le Castellet: +0.362021 Spielberg: -1.162021 Spielberg: +0.292021 Silverstone: +0.302021 Budapest: -2.822021 Zandvoort: +1.692021 Monza: +0.122021 Sochi: -0.602021 Istanbul: no usable session2021 Austin: +1.142021 Mexico City: +1.612021 São Paulo: -1.062021 Lusail: -0.642021 Jeddah: 0.002021 Yas Island: -1.75

65 SESSIONS · 108 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

THROTTLE APPLICATION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Distance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.

67/ 100
RANK 9 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 56–75

Higher means: Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 39Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 76Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 75Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 61Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 87Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 22Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 66Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 60Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 73Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 56Robert Kubica (Williams): 2Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 97Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 18Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 30Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 27Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 1Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 4Lando Norris (McLaren): 45Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 9Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 64Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 36George Russell (Williams): 35Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 62Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 13Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 57Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 91Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 70Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 94Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 54Daniel Ricciardo: 67

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Reaches full throttle 0.3 m further from the apex than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2018201920202021
2018 Sakhir: +0.042018 Shanghai: -0.022018 Baku: +0.642018 Barcelona: +0.342018 Monte Carlo: +0.212018 Montréal: +0.482018 Le Castellet: +0.532018 Spielberg: +0.332018 Silverstone: +0.112018 Hockenheim: +0.332018 Budapest: -0.072018 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.332018 Monza: -0.442018 Singapore: +0.072018 Sochi: +0.402018 Suzuka: -0.442018 Austin: +0.122018 Mexico City: +0.182018 São Paulo: +0.352018 Yas Marina: +0.272019 Melbourne: +0.302019 Sakhir: -0.342019 Shanghai: +0.132019 Baku: -0.152019 Barcelona: +0.312019 Monte Carlo: +0.132019 Montréal: +0.152019 Le Castellet: -0.152019 Spielberg: +0.102019 Silverstone: +0.232019 Hockenheim: -0.032019 Budapest: +0.172019 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.052019 Monza: -0.282019 Singapore: -0.082019 Sochi: +0.062019 Suzuka: +0.252019 Mexico City: +0.062019 Austin: +0.162019 São Paulo: -0.202019 Yas Island: -0.082020 Spielberg: +0.272020 Spielberg: no usable session2020 Budapest: -0.352020 Silverstone: +0.192020 Silverstone: -0.152020 Barcelona: -0.232020 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.172020 Monza: +0.072020 Mugello: -0.092020 Sochi: +0.072020 Nürburgring: +0.262020 Portimão: +0.022020 Imola: +0.022020 Sakhir: +0.282020 Sakhir: -0.082020 Yas Island: +0.102021 Sakhir: -0.062021 Imola: +0.372021 Portimão: +0.032021 Barcelona: -0.112021 Monte Carlo: -0.152021 Baku: -0.142021 Le Castellet: +0.132021 Spielberg: +0.012021 Spielberg: -0.182021 Silverstone: -0.292021 Budapest: +0.112021 Zandvoort: +0.052021 Monza: +0.222021 Sochi: no usable session2021 Istanbul: -0.502021 Austin: -0.262021 Mexico City: -0.412021 São Paulo: +0.582021 Lusail: -0.032021 Jeddah: -0.302021 Yas Island: -0.03

76 SESSIONS · 1422 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

BRAKING

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Where the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.

73/ 100
RANK 8 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 60–83

Higher means: Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 38Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 60Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 86Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 55Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 90Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 29Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 61Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 97Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 99Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 46Robert Kubica (Williams): 14Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 70Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 15Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 59Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 10Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 1Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 2Lando Norris (McLaren): 88Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 24Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 31Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 33George Russell (Williams): 27Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 49Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 30Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 9Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 92Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 66Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 78Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 43Daniel Ricciardo: 73

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Starts braking 1.5 m later than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2018201920202021
2018 Sakhir: +0.052018 Shanghai: +0.332018 Baku: -0.672018 Barcelona: +0.562018 Monte Carlo: +1.302018 Montréal: -0.012018 Le Castellet: +0.042018 Spielberg: +0.752018 Silverstone: +0.072018 Hockenheim: +0.232018 Budapest: -0.192018 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.362018 Monza: +0.432018 Singapore: +0.112018 Sochi: +0.652018 Suzuka: +0.212018 Austin: +0.422018 Mexico City: +0.892018 São Paulo: +0.052018 Yas Marina: +0.682019 Melbourne: +0.162019 Sakhir: -1.002019 Shanghai: +0.242019 Baku: -0.102019 Barcelona: +0.212019 Monte Carlo: +0.302019 Montréal: -0.262019 Le Castellet: +0.062019 Spielberg: -0.072019 Silverstone: -0.372019 Hockenheim: -0.082019 Budapest: -0.532019 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.132019 Monza: -0.172019 Singapore: +0.342019 Sochi: +0.332019 Suzuka: -0.032019 Mexico City: 0.002019 Austin: +0.232019 São Paulo: +0.362019 Yas Island: +0.202020 Spielberg: +0.262020 Spielberg: no usable session2020 Budapest: +0.062020 Silverstone: +0.082020 Silverstone: -0.192020 Barcelona: -0.102020 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.122020 Monza: -0.052020 Mugello: -0.052020 Sochi: +0.062020 Nürburgring: +0.082020 Portimão: +0.392020 Imola: +0.212020 Sakhir: +0.132020 Sakhir: +0.062020 Yas Island: -0.022021 Sakhir: +0.232021 Imola: +0.892021 Portimão: -0.052021 Barcelona: +0.472021 Monte Carlo: -0.052021 Baku: +0.042021 Le Castellet: +0.102021 Spielberg: -0.012021 Spielberg: +0.422021 Silverstone: +0.352021 Budapest: -0.052021 Zandvoort: 0.002021 Monza: +0.112021 Sochi: no usable session2021 Istanbul: +0.622021 Austin: +0.382021 Mexico City: +0.402021 São Paulo: +0.682021 Lusail: +0.522021 Jeddah: -0.262021 Yas Island: +0.50

76 SESSIONS · 1268 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

CONSISTENCY

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.

73/ 100
RANK 7 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 46–86

Higher means: Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 40Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 45Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 44Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 22Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 67Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 51Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 34Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 57Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 30Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 49Robert Kubica (Williams): 4Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 66Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 14Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 64Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 32Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 1Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 3Lando Norris (McLaren): 87Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 85Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 60Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 48George Russell (Williams): 17Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 86Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 7Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 63Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 58Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 80Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 95Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 84Daniel Ricciardo: 73

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Lap times scatter 0.362 s around the stint trend, 0.032 s looser than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2018201920202021
2018 Sakhir: no usable session2018 Shanghai: +0.222018 Baku: -1.332018 Barcelona: -0.932018 Monte Carlo: -0.692018 Montréal: -0.342018 Le Castellet: -1.152018 Spielberg: -0.182018 Silverstone: +0.262018 Hockenheim: +0.242018 Budapest: -0.492018 Spa-Francorchamps: -2.672018 Monza: +0.362018 Singapore: -1.352018 Sochi: -0.012018 Suzuka: -0.462018 Austin: no usable session2018 Mexico City: -0.072018 São Paulo: +0.412018 Yas Marina: -0.122019 Melbourne: +0.022019 Sakhir: -0.352019 Shanghai: -0.982019 Baku: +1.702019 Barcelona: no usable session2019 Monte Carlo: -0.112019 Montréal: +0.482019 Le Castellet: +0.982019 Spielberg: -0.522019 Silverstone: no usable session2019 Hockenheim: no usable session2019 Budapest: +0.252019 Spa-Francorchamps: -3.002019 Monza: -0.072019 Singapore: -1.682019 Sochi: no usable session2019 Suzuka: +0.342019 Mexico City: +0.792019 Austin: +0.582019 São Paulo: +0.252019 Yas Island: +1.682020 Spielberg: no usable session2020 Spielberg: +0.142020 Budapest: +1.182020 Silverstone: +0.422020 Silverstone: -0.182020 Barcelona: -0.452020 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.022020 Monza: no usable session2020 Mugello: +0.122020 Sochi: -0.172020 Nürburgring: +0.332020 Portimão: +0.592020 Imola: -0.172020 Sakhir: +0.392020 Sakhir: +0.672020 Yas Island: +0.672021 Sakhir: -0.142021 Imola: +0.412021 Portimão: +0.432021 Barcelona: +0.612021 Monte Carlo: -0.252021 Baku: +0.852021 Le Castellet: -0.072021 Spielberg: -0.752021 Spielberg: +0.022021 Silverstone: +0.222021 Budapest: -3.002021 Zandvoort: -0.912021 Monza: +1.162021 Sochi: -0.302021 Istanbul: no usable session2021 Austin: +0.052021 Mexico City: -0.872021 São Paulo: -0.012021 Lusail: -1.172021 Jeddah: +0.732021 Yas Island: -1.65

69 SESSIONS · 117 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

STEERING SMOOTHNESS

NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO

How smoothly the driver steers through each corner.

PENDING

Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.

TEAMMATES

Same car, same sessions. Each cell is the average difference over the sessions they shared, in field-spread units: +0.30 means 0.3 of a typical field spread better on that axis. Qualifying H2H is the share of shared qualifying sessions where Ricciardo's best lap was faster.

TEAMMATESHAREDQUALI H2HENTRYTYRE MGMTTHROTTLEBRAKINGCONSISTENCY
Nico Hulkenberg41
21 Q · 20 R
67%+0.38+0.260.00+0.11+0.32
Lando Norris39
20 Q · 19 R
30%-0.32-0.09-0.01+0.07-0.17
Max Verstappen37
18 Q · 19 R
28%+0.09+0.34+0.06-0.06-0.60
Esteban Ocon30
15 Q · 15 R
93%+0.48-0.58+0.48+0.31+0.20

SESSION LOG

Every weekend in this era. Values are the difference from that session's field in field-spread units, green better and red worse. A dash means the session was skipped (wet, or no data) or the driver had no usable laps.

WEEKENDCIRCUITTEAMQ LAPSBRAKINGENTRYTHROTTLERACE LAPSCONSISTENCYTYRE MGMT
2018 R02SakhirRed Bull Racing3+0.05+1.33+0.04———
2018 R03ShanghaiRed Bull Racing3+0.33+0.67-0.0238+0.22+1.23
2018 R04BakuRed Bull Racing1-0.67+1.46+0.6410-1.33+1.04
2018 R05BarcelonaRed Bull Racing3+0.56+1.49+0.3452-0.93+0.09
2018 R06Monte CarloRed Bull Racing3+1.30+1.45+0.2168-0.69+1.11
2018 R07MontréalRed Bull Racing3-0.01+1.18+0.4851-0.340.00
2018 R08Le CastelletRed Bull Racing3+0.04+1.14+0.5337-1.15-0.84
2018 R09SpielbergRed Bull Racing3+0.75+1.21+0.3332-0.18-1.34
2018 R10SilverstoneRed Bull Racing3+0.07+0.87+0.116+0.26—
2018 R11HockenheimRed Bull Racing2+0.23+0.48+0.338+0.24+2.20
2018 R12BudapestRed Bull Racing2-0.19+0.80-0.0742-0.49-1.27
2018 R13Spa-FrancorchampsRed Bull Racing2-0.36+0.70+0.3326-2.67+1.28
2018 R14MonzaRed Bull Racing1+0.43+0.70-0.448+0.36+2.50
2018 R15SingaporeRed Bull Racing3+0.11+1.26+0.0741-1.35-1.11
2018 R16SochiRed Bull Racing1+0.65+1.58+0.4042-0.01-0.07
2018 R17SuzukaRed Bull Racing1+0.21+0.92-0.4433-0.46+0.72
2018 R18AustinRed Bull Racing3+0.42+1.41+0.120——
2018 R19Mexico CityRed Bull Racing2+0.89+1.60+0.1844-0.07+1.07
2018 R20São PauloRed Bull Racing3+0.05+1.12+0.3523+0.41+1.34
2018 R21Yas MarinaRed Bull Racing2+0.68+1.73+0.2743-0.12-1.30
2019 R01MelbourneRenault3+0.16+0.45+0.3025+0.02+0.84
2019 R02SakhirRenault3-1.00+0.22-0.3432-0.35+0.64
2019 R03ShanghaiRenault3+0.24+0.78+0.1351-0.98+0.64
2019 R04BakuRenault3-0.10+0.26-0.1513+1.70+1.52
2019 R05BarcelonaRenault2+0.21+0.85+0.310——
2019 R06Monte CarloRenault3+0.30+0.89+0.1348-0.11+1.52
2019 R07MontréalRenault2-0.26+0.80+0.1549+0.48-2.34
2019 R08Le CastelletRenault3+0.06+0.53-0.1527+0.98+0.22
2019 R09SpielbergRenault3-0.07+0.40+0.1044-0.52+0.08
2019 R10SilverstoneRenault3-0.37+0.18+0.230——
2019 R11HockenheimRenault3-0.08+0.57-0.03———
2019 R12BudapestRenault1-0.53-0.17+0.1715+0.25+0.63
2019 R13Spa-FrancorchampsRenault3+0.13+0.39+0.0525-3.00-1.46
2019 R14MonzaRenault2-0.17+0.55-0.2844-0.07+0.51
2019 R15SingaporeRenault3+0.34+0.61-0.087-1.68—
2019 R16SochiRenault3+0.33+0.41+0.060——
2019 R17SuzukaRenault2-0.03-0.14+0.2530+0.34-0.11
2019 R18Mexico CityRenault30.00+0.13+0.0650+0.79+0.12
2019 R19AustinRenault3+0.23+0.61+0.1641+0.58+0.78
2019 R20São PauloRenault3+0.36+0.54-0.2033+0.25+1.17
2019 R21Yas IslandRenault3+0.20+0.52-0.086+1.68—
2020 R01SpielbergRenault3+0.26+0.24+0.270——
2020 R02SpielbergRenault————45+0.14+0.49
2020 R03BudapestRenault3+0.06+0.74-0.3539+1.18-0.57
2020 R04SilverstoneRenault2+0.08+0.58+0.196+0.42—
2020 R05SilverstoneRenault3-0.19+0.75-0.1533-0.18-0.29
2020 R06BarcelonaRenault3-0.10+0.47-0.2347-0.45+1.26
2020 R07Spa-FrancorchampsRenault2-0.12+0.62+0.1733+0.02+1.25
2020 R08MonzaRenault3-0.05+0.46+0.070——
2020 R09MugelloRenault3-0.05+0.28-0.0924+0.12+1.94
2020 R10SochiRenault3+0.06+0.82+0.0730-0.17+0.47
2020 R11NürburgringRenault3+0.08+1.03+0.2633+0.33+0.40
2020 R12PortimãoRenault3+0.39+0.50+0.0240+0.59-0.96
2020 R13ImolaRenault3+0.21+0.43+0.0244-0.17-0.11
2020 R15SakhirRenault3+0.13+0.57+0.2822+0.39+0.04
2020 R16SakhirRenault3+0.06+0.82-0.088+0.67+0.34
2020 R17Yas IslandRenault2-0.02+0.48+0.1040+0.67+1.32
2021 R01SakhirMcLaren2+0.23-0.04-0.0637-0.14+0.33
2021 R02ImolaMcLaren2+0.89+0.03+0.3725+0.41-1.31
2021 R03PortimãoMcLaren3-0.05-0.64+0.0340+0.43+0.55
2021 R04BarcelonaMcLaren3+0.470.00-0.1152+0.61+0.54
2021 R05Monte CarloMcLaren3-0.05-0.24-0.1558-0.25-0.41
2021 R06BakuMcLaren2+0.04-0.27-0.1418+0.85+0.07
2021 R07Le CastelletMcLaren3+0.10-0.29+0.1328-0.07+0.36
2021 R08SpielbergMcLaren3-0.01-0.29+0.0110-0.75-1.16
2021 R09SpielbergMcLaren3+0.42-0.64-0.1836+0.02+0.29
2021 R10SilverstoneMcLaren3+0.35+0.27-0.2941+0.22+0.30
2021 R11BudapestMcLaren2-0.05-0.49+0.1119-3.00-2.82
2021 R13ZandvoortMcLaren30.00-0.29+0.0553-0.91+1.69
2021 R14MonzaMcLaren3+0.11+0.71+0.2238+1.16+0.12
2021 R15SochiMcLaren————23-0.30-0.60
2021 R16IstanbulMcLaren1+0.62-0.63-0.50———
2021 R17AustinMcLaren3+0.38+0.01-0.2646+0.05+1.14
2021 R18Mexico CityMcLaren3+0.40+0.08-0.4141-0.87+1.61
2021 R19São PauloMcLaren3+0.68-0.48+0.5823-0.01-1.06
2021 R20LusailMcLaren3+0.52-0.82-0.0335-1.17-0.64
2021 R21JeddahMcLaren3-0.26-0.53-0.3017+0.730.00
2021 R22Yas IslandMcLaren3+0.50+0.37-0.0319-1.65-1.75

HOW THIS IS CALCULATED

The definitions behind every number on this page. The full specification lives with the pipeline code (backend/pipeline/signature/SPEC.md).

REGULATION ERAS

An era is a period under one set of technical rules. When the rules change, every car brakes, turns and wears its tyres differently, so a driver's style relative to the field can shift too. Signatures are therefore computed separately for each era, and the driver page shows the most recent era with at least one scored axis. These eras are defined by the car rules, separate from the storytelling eras elsewhere on the site.

ERAWHAT DEFINES ITDATA IN THIS DATASET
LATE HYBRID
2018–2021
THIS PAGE
1.6-litre V6 turbo hybrid power units, used since 2014, in the wider, higher-downforce cars on wider tyres introduced in 2017.
The era starts in 2018, the first season of the official timing archive, although its car rules date from 2017.
2018–2021
30 drivers scored
GROUND EFFECT
2022–2025
Most downforce comes from two Venturi tunnels under the floor, with simplified wings and 18-inch low-profile tyres, so that cars can follow each other more closely.
2022–2025
31 drivers scored
ACTIVE AERO
2026 onwards
Front and rear wings switch between a corner mode and a low-drag straight mode, replacing DRS. Cars are shorter, narrower and lighter (768 kg), the floor tunnels are gone, and power is split roughly half and half between combustion and electric, with the MGU-H removed and fully sustainable fuel.
Energy recovery is a bigger part of each lap: drivers lift off before braking to recharge and cars harvest at full throttle at the end of straights. Throttle and braking traces reflect energy management as well as driving style.
2026
22 drivers scored

THE FIELD

Every measurement is a difference from the other cars in the same session. Comparing within a session cancels out the track, the weather, the tyre generation and the overall speed of that year's cars, which is what makes different weekends comparable. For each corner, or each race, the driver's value has the field median subtracted and is divided by the field's spread (a robust z-score, capped at ±3). A value of +1 means one typical field spread better than the median driver.

FROM LAPS TO A SCORE

  1. Pick the laps. Qualifying: up to 3 push laps per driver, within 1% of their own best and 107% of the fastest lap, on dry tyres, not deleted for track limits and not run under red or yellow flags. Race: clean laps only, meaning not lap 1, no pit laps, no safety car, virtual safety car, red or yellow flag, dry tyres, at least 1.5 s behind the car ahead, and within 107% of the driver's stint median.
  2. Measure.Corners are the slowest points of the session's fastest lap (dips of at least 25km/h). Every lap is mapped onto that lap's line, so all drivers' brake points and apexes share one distance scale. Full throttle means 98% pedal or more, and a lift is a drop of 10points. In the race, each stint's lap times are corrected for fuel (0.055 s per lap of fuel still on board) and fitted against tyre age: the slope is degradation (at least 8 clean laps), and the scatter around the line is consistency (at least 6).
  3. Compare with the field. Each corner needs at least 8 field laps; tyre degradation is compared on the same compound when at least 4 stints used it.
  4. Combine over the era. A weighted average of the session values. An axis is only scored with at least 5 qualifying sessions and 150 lap-corners, or 5 races and 8 stints; otherwise it stays empty rather than guessed.
  5. Rank.The 0–100 score is the driver-era's percentile among every driver-era in the dataset, so 50 is typical.
  6. Confidence.The driver's sessions are resampled 400 times and re-ranked. The 90% range runs from the 5th to the 95th percentile of those ranks, and confidence is 1 minus the average width of the ranges.

COMPARISON GROUPS

ERA AVG

The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

ALL-TIME

The average of every driver-era in the dataset. Scores are ranks among those same driver-eras, so it sits at 50 on every axis by construction.

CHAMPIONS

World champions in the eras they won their titles, from the final standings of completed seasons. In the dataset: Lewis Hamilton (2018, 2019, 2020), Max Verstappen (2021, 2022, 2023, 2024), Lando Norris (2025).

TEAMMATES

The driver's teammates in this era, weighted by sessions shared. Same car, so this is the fairest comparison.

AXES

AXISMEASURESHIGHER MEANSDATA
STEERING SMOOTHNESSHow smoothly the driver steers through each corner.Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO
ENTRY AGGRESSIONSpeed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
TYRE MANAGEMENTHow fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT
THROTTLE APPLICATIONDistance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
BRAKINGWhere the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
CONSISTENCYHow much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

DATA AND COVERAGE

Source: Official F1 live-timing feed, read through TracingInsights' public FastF1 extraction (2018–2022) and the OpenF1 historical API (2023–2026). The feed gives car data (speed, throttle, brake on/off, gear) about 3.7 times a second, car positions, laps, tyre stints, gaps and race-control messages. It does not carry steering angle or brake pressure. 180 qualifying sessions and 186 races are scored.

SEASONWEEKENDSQUALIFYINGRACESNOT SCORED
20182120/2120/21
Australian qualifying: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
Australian race: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
20192121/2121/21—
20201715/1717/17
Styrian qualifying: wet
Turkish qualifying: wet
20212220/2222/22
Belgian qualifying: wet
Russian qualifying: mixed conditions, 6 drivers on dry tyres
20222220/2222/22
Canadian qualifying: wet
British qualifying: wet
20232221/2222/22
Dutch qualifying: mixed conditions, 9 drivers on dry tyres
20242422/2424/24
Belgian qualifying: wet
São Paulo qualifying: wet
20252422/2424/24
Azerbaijan qualifying: no lap data in the public feed
Las Vegas qualifying: wet
202619 (+4 still to run)19/1919/19—

KNOWN LIMITATIONS

  • The field includes faster and slower cars, so a driver in a quick car scores higher on car-sensitive measures such as minimum corner speed. The teammate comparison is where the car is held constant.
  • The braking point is not adjusted for approach speed: a driver who exits the previous corner faster arrives quicker and has to brake earlier. Braking describes style more than pace.
  • Tyre management cannot tell tyre wear apart from a driver deliberately controlling pace, so its ranges are wide.
  • From 2026, throttle and braking traces also reflect energy recovery (lifting before braking, harvesting at full throttle), not only driving style.
  • Steering smoothness needs steering angle, which no public feed carries. It is never estimated and will come from onboard video, along with seasons before 2018.

PIPELINE TIMING-0.1.0 · GENERATED 2026-11-02 · OFFICIAL F1 LIVE-TIMING FEED, READ THROUGH TRACINGINSIGHTS' PUBLIC FASTF1 EXTRACTION (2018–2022) AND THE OPENF1 HISTORICAL API (2023–2026)