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DRIVING SIGNATURE · FULL METRICS

Max Verstappen

Late hybrid era (2018–2021) · data from 2018–2021 · Red Bull Racing

LATE HYBRID · 2018–2021GROUND EFFECT · 2022–2025ACTIVE AERO · 2026

LAPS USED

2,856

QUALIFYING

73

RACES

72

AXES SCORED

5/6

CONFIDENCE

0.84

How this is calculated — the era, the field, the comparison groups and every threshold.

OVERVIEW

Each axis is a 0–100 rank among every driver-era in the dataset, built from differences to the same-session field. The 90% range is where nine in ten resampled scores land. Rank is within the late hybrid field.

STEERINGSMOOTHNESSPENDINGENTRY AGGRESSIONTYRE MANAGEMENTTHROTTLE APPLICATIONBRAKINGCONSISTENCY

DASHED: ERA AVG — The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

AXISSCORE90% RANGERANKERA AVGALL-TIMECHAMPIONSTEAMMATES
STEERINGPENDING——————
ENTRY9393–963/3047509273
TYRE MGMT3815–5720/3053505166
THROTTLE9488–952/3050507661
BRAKING7868–847/3049507854
CONSISTENCY9587–981/3049508158

AXIS BY AXIS

What each axis measures, where the driver sits among this era's drivers, the raw differences behind the score, and how it moved from weekend to weekend.

ENTRY AGGRESSION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Speed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.

93/ 100
RANK 3 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 93–96

Higher means: Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 77Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 40Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 99Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 65Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 81Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 33Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 25Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 98Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 46Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 73Robert Kubica (Williams): 1Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 44Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 6Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 59Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 27Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 2Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 13Lando Norris (McLaren): 67Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 49Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 45Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 24Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 90George Russell (Williams): 22Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 52Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 4Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 17Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 61Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 15Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 66Max Verstappen: 93

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

2.6 km/h more speed as the brake comes off.

4.2 km/h higher minimum corner speed.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2018201920202021
2018 Shanghai: +0.952018 Baku: +1.172018 Barcelona: +1.552018 Monte Carlo: no usable session2018 Montréal: +0.662018 Le Castellet: +0.832018 Spielberg: +1.032018 Silverstone: +1.392018 Hockenheim: +1.502018 Budapest: +1.112018 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.802018 Monza: +0.732018 Singapore: +1.122018 Sochi: +1.162018 Suzuka: +1.162018 Austin: +0.912018 Mexico City: +0.952018 São Paulo: +0.832018 Yas Marina: +0.842019 Melbourne: +0.642019 Sakhir: +0.692019 Shanghai: +0.762019 Baku: +0.722019 Barcelona: +0.722019 Monte Carlo: +0.402019 Montréal: -0.012019 Le Castellet: +0.482019 Spielberg: +0.782019 Silverstone: +0.352019 Hockenheim: +1.242019 Budapest: +0.952019 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.322019 Monza: no usable session2019 Singapore: +0.572019 Sochi: +0.892019 Suzuka: +0.662019 Mexico City: +0.722019 Austin: +0.762019 São Paulo: +0.952019 Yas Island: +0.842020 Spielberg: +0.362020 Spielberg: no usable session2020 Budapest: +0.202020 Silverstone: -0.052020 Silverstone: +0.012020 Barcelona: +0.462020 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.462020 Monza: +0.382020 Mugello: +0.812020 Sochi: +0.262020 Nürburgring: +0.402020 Portimão: +0.482020 Imola: +0.872020 Sakhir: +0.752020 Sakhir: +1.012020 Yas Island: +0.412021 Sakhir: +0.622021 Imola: +0.502021 Portimão: +0.102021 Barcelona: +0.592021 Monte Carlo: +0.282021 Baku: +0.592021 Le Castellet: +0.432021 Spielberg: +0.772021 Spielberg: +1.132021 Silverstone: +0.722021 Budapest: +0.232021 Zandvoort: +1.292021 Monza: +0.442021 Sochi: no usable session2021 Istanbul: +0.392021 Austin: +1.112021 Mexico City: +0.442021 São Paulo: +0.622021 Lusail: +0.352021 Jeddah: +0.132021 Yas Island: -0.03

73 SESSIONS · 1483 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

TYRE MANAGEMENT

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.

38/ 100
RANK 20 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 15–57

Higher means: Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 63Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 93Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 10Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 84Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 49Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 15Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 47Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 59Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 79Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 88Robert Kubica (Williams): 8Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 36Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 54Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 18Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 75Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 4Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 16Lando Norris (McLaren): 81Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 86Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 60Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 46Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 87George Russell (Williams): 64Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 74Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 9Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 26Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 98Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 91Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 20Max Verstappen: 38

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Loses 0.042 s per lap of tyre age after fuel correction, 0.006 s/lap more than the race median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2018201920202021
2018 Shanghai: +0.712018 Baku: +0.992018 Barcelona: +0.272018 Monte Carlo: +0.722018 Montréal: +0.162018 Le Castellet: +0.042018 Spielberg: +0.572018 Silverstone: +0.302018 Hockenheim: -0.612018 Budapest: no usable session2018 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.232018 Monza: -0.102018 Singapore: +0.602018 Sochi: +0.132018 Suzuka: -0.572018 Austin: +0.492018 Mexico City: +0.412018 São Paulo: +0.522018 Yas Marina: -1.062019 Melbourne: -0.252019 Sakhir: +0.612019 Shanghai: +0.022019 Baku: -2.092019 Barcelona: -0.202019 Monte Carlo: no usable session2019 Montréal: +0.222019 Le Castellet: -0.922019 Spielberg: +1.162019 Silverstone: -0.862019 Hockenheim: no usable session2019 Budapest: +0.562019 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2019 Monza: no usable session2019 Singapore: +0.232019 Sochi: -1.162019 Suzuka: no usable session2019 Mexico City: -0.012019 Austin: +0.102019 São Paulo: -0.042019 Yas Island: +0.122020 Spielberg: -0.742020 Spielberg: -1.022020 Budapest: -0.082020 Silverstone: +0.022020 Silverstone: +0.152020 Barcelona: +0.392020 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.432020 Monza: no usable session2020 Mugello: no usable session2020 Sochi: -0.092020 Nürburgring: +0.112020 Portimão: -0.452020 Imola: +0.072020 Sakhir: -1.202020 Sakhir: no usable session2020 Yas Island: -0.672021 Sakhir: -1.192021 Imola: +0.642021 Portimão: +0.712021 Barcelona: +0.082021 Monte Carlo: -0.022021 Baku: -0.772021 Le Castellet: -0.432021 Spielberg: -0.272021 Spielberg: -0.402021 Silverstone: no usable session2021 Budapest: no usable session2021 Zandvoort: -0.272021 Monza: no usable session2021 Sochi: no usable session2021 Istanbul: no usable session2021 Austin: +1.272021 Mexico City: -0.402021 São Paulo: -1.072021 Lusail: +0.102021 Jeddah: -0.652021 Yas Island: -0.93

63 SESSIONS · 123 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

THROTTLE APPLICATION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Distance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.

94/ 100
RANK 2 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 88–95

Higher means: Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 39Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 76Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 75Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 61Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 87Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 22Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 66Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 60Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 73Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 56Robert Kubica (Williams): 2Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 97Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 18Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 30Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 27Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 1Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 4Lando Norris (McLaren): 45Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 9Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 64Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 36Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 67George Russell (Williams): 35Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 62Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 13Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 57Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 91Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 70Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 54Max Verstappen: 94

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Reaches full throttle 5.8 m closer to the apex than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2018201920202021
2018 Shanghai: +0.182018 Baku: +0.322018 Barcelona: +0.332018 Monte Carlo: no usable session2018 Montréal: -0.242018 Le Castellet: -0.492018 Spielberg: +0.242018 Silverstone: -0.212018 Hockenheim: +0.402018 Budapest: +0.052018 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.012018 Monza: -0.012018 Singapore: +0.212018 Sochi: +0.122018 Suzuka: +0.092018 Austin: +0.552018 Mexico City: -0.032018 São Paulo: +0.492018 Yas Marina: +0.392019 Melbourne: +0.122019 Sakhir: +0.322019 Shanghai: +0.092019 Baku: +0.302019 Barcelona: +0.392019 Monte Carlo: +0.212019 Montréal: -0.372019 Le Castellet: +0.602019 Spielberg: +0.302019 Silverstone: +0.092019 Hockenheim: +0.382019 Budapest: +0.432019 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.342019 Monza: no usable session2019 Singapore: +0.662019 Sochi: +0.432019 Suzuka: +0.102019 Mexico City: +0.302019 Austin: +0.642019 São Paulo: +0.712019 Yas Island: +0.082020 Spielberg: +0.402020 Spielberg: no usable session2020 Budapest: +0.312020 Silverstone: +0.102020 Silverstone: 0.002020 Barcelona: +0.372020 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.172020 Monza: -0.042020 Mugello: +0.572020 Sochi: +0.032020 Nürburgring: +0.232020 Portimão: +0.332020 Imola: +0.212020 Sakhir: +0.422020 Sakhir: -0.062020 Yas Island: +0.172021 Sakhir: +0.182021 Imola: +0.292021 Portimão: +0.442021 Barcelona: +0.092021 Monte Carlo: +0.482021 Baku: +0.132021 Le Castellet: -0.012021 Spielberg: +0.272021 Spielberg: +0.272021 Silverstone: +0.062021 Budapest: +0.302021 Zandvoort: +0.412021 Monza: +0.462021 Sochi: no usable session2021 Istanbul: +0.302021 Austin: +0.552021 Mexico City: +0.262021 São Paulo: +0.402021 Lusail: +0.512021 Jeddah: +0.132021 Yas Island: +0.47

73 SESSIONS · 1414 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

BRAKING

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Where the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.

78/ 100
RANK 7 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 68–84

Higher means: Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 38Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 60Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 86Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 55Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 90Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 29Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 61Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 97Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 99Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 46Robert Kubica (Williams): 14Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 70Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 15Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 59Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 10Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 1Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 2Lando Norris (McLaren): 88Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 24Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 31Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 33Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 73George Russell (Williams): 27Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 49Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 30Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 9Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 92Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 66Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 43Max Verstappen: 78

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Starts braking 4.7 m later than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2018201920202021
2018 Shanghai: +0.532018 Baku: -0.312018 Barcelona: +0.762018 Monte Carlo: no usable session2018 Montréal: +0.752018 Le Castellet: -0.502018 Spielberg: +0.212018 Silverstone: -0.032018 Hockenheim: +0.702018 Budapest: +0.572018 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.142018 Monza: +0.102018 Singapore: +0.692018 Sochi: +0.352018 Suzuka: +0.302018 Austin: +0.062018 Mexico City: +0.532018 São Paulo: +0.292018 Yas Marina: +0.082019 Melbourne: +0.332019 Sakhir: +0.162019 Shanghai: +0.742019 Baku: +0.572019 Barcelona: +0.372019 Monte Carlo: +0.222019 Montréal: +0.112019 Le Castellet: +0.612019 Spielberg: +0.172019 Silverstone: -0.132019 Hockenheim: +0.172019 Budapest: +0.212019 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.432019 Monza: no usable session2019 Singapore: +0.422019 Sochi: +0.132019 Suzuka: +0.012019 Mexico City: -0.282019 Austin: +0.022019 São Paulo: +0.532019 Yas Island: +0.512020 Spielberg: +0.342020 Spielberg: no usable session2020 Budapest: +0.442020 Silverstone: +0.082020 Silverstone: +0.682020 Barcelona: +0.412020 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.152020 Monza: +0.242020 Mugello: +0.462020 Sochi: -0.032020 Nürburgring: -0.312020 Portimão: +0.252020 Imola: +0.622020 Sakhir: +0.222020 Sakhir: +0.502020 Yas Island: -0.152021 Sakhir: +0.052021 Imola: +0.092021 Portimão: -0.182021 Barcelona: +0.522021 Monte Carlo: +0.032021 Baku: -0.462021 Le Castellet: +0.112021 Spielberg: -0.292021 Spielberg: +0.282021 Silverstone: +0.322021 Budapest: +0.092021 Zandvoort: +0.142021 Monza: -0.272021 Sochi: no usable session2021 Istanbul: +0.502021 Austin: +0.172021 Mexico City: 0.002021 São Paulo: +0.132021 Lusail: +0.182021 Jeddah: -0.102021 Yas Island: -0.22

73 SESSIONS · 1255 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

CONSISTENCY

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.

95/ 100
RANK 1 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 87–98

Higher means: Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 40Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 45Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 44Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 22Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 67Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 51Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 34Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 57Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 30Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 49Robert Kubica (Williams): 4Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 66Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 14Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 64Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 32Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 1Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 3Lando Norris (McLaren): 87Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 85Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 60Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 48Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 73George Russell (Williams): 17Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 86Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 7Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 63Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 58Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 80Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 84Max Verstappen: 95

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Lap times scatter 0.312 s around the stint trend, 0.020 s tighter than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2018201920202021
2018 Shanghai: -0.132018 Baku: -2.912018 Barcelona: +0.362018 Monte Carlo: +0.232018 Montréal: +0.772018 Le Castellet: +0.562018 Spielberg: +0.242018 Silverstone: -0.022018 Hockenheim: +0.212018 Budapest: no usable session2018 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.032018 Monza: +0.312018 Singapore: +0.722018 Sochi: +0.572018 Suzuka: +0.982018 Austin: +0.312018 Mexico City: +0.242018 São Paulo: -0.442018 Yas Marina: +0.692019 Melbourne: -0.552019 Sakhir: +0.532019 Shanghai: +0.042019 Baku: +0.172019 Barcelona: +0.212019 Monte Carlo: no usable session2019 Montréal: +0.182019 Le Castellet: -0.562019 Spielberg: +0.542019 Silverstone: -0.502019 Hockenheim: +0.612019 Budapest: -0.942019 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2019 Monza: +0.222019 Singapore: +0.702019 Sochi: +0.512019 Suzuka: no usable session2019 Mexico City: -0.552019 Austin: +0.122019 São Paulo: -0.072019 Yas Island: +0.202020 Spielberg: +0.842020 Spielberg: +0.752020 Budapest: +0.282020 Silverstone: +0.242020 Silverstone: +0.482020 Barcelona: -0.072020 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.302020 Monza: no usable session2020 Mugello: no usable session2020 Sochi: +0.042020 Nürburgring: -0.032020 Portimão: +0.462020 Imola: +1.102020 Sakhir: +0.212020 Sakhir: no usable session2020 Yas Island: +0.632021 Sakhir: +0.662021 Imola: +0.062021 Portimão: -0.672021 Barcelona: +0.302021 Monte Carlo: +0.642021 Baku: +0.562021 Le Castellet: +0.382021 Spielberg: +0.752021 Spielberg: -0.162021 Silverstone: no usable session2021 Budapest: +1.282021 Zandvoort: +0.102021 Monza: no usable session2021 Sochi: -1.542021 Istanbul: no usable session2021 Austin: +0.092021 Mexico City: +0.142021 São Paulo: -0.782021 Lusail: +0.632021 Jeddah: -2.902021 Yas Island: -0.24

67 SESSIONS · 135 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

STEERING SMOOTHNESS

NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO

How smoothly the driver steers through each corner.

PENDING

Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.

TEAMMATES

Same car, same sessions. Each cell is the average difference over the sessions they shared, in field-spread units: +0.30 means 0.3 of a typical field spread better on that axis. Qualifying H2H is the share of shared qualifying sessions where Verstappen's best lap was faster.

TEAMMATESHAREDQUALI H2HENTRYTYRE MGMTTHROTTLEBRAKINGCONSISTENCY
Alexander Albon44
22 Q · 22 R
96%+0.17-0.19+0.31+0.40+0.55
Sergio Perez38
20 Q · 18 R
95%+0.26-0.13+0.05+0.19+0.38
Daniel Ricciardo37
18 Q · 19 R
72%-0.09-0.34-0.06+0.06+0.60
Pierre Gasly24
12 Q · 12 R
92%-0.03+0.070.00-0.04-0.22

SESSION LOG

Every weekend in this era. Values are the difference from that session's field in field-spread units, green better and red worse. A dash means the session was skipped (wet, or no data) or the driver had no usable laps.

WEEKENDCIRCUITTEAMQ LAPSBRAKINGENTRYTHROTTLERACE LAPSCONSISTENCYTYRE MGMT
2018 R03ShanghaiRed Bull Racing2+0.53+0.95+0.1824-0.13+0.71
2018 R04BakuRed Bull Racing2-0.31+1.17+0.3218-2.91+0.99
2018 R05BarcelonaRed Bull Racing3+0.76+1.55+0.3347+0.36+0.27
2018 R06Monte CarloRed Bull Racing————24+0.23+0.72
2018 R07MontréalRed Bull Racing3+0.75+0.66-0.2456+0.77+0.16
2018 R08Le CastelletRed Bull Racing3-0.50+0.83-0.4942+0.56+0.04
2018 R09SpielbergRed Bull Racing3+0.21+1.03+0.2457+0.24+0.57
2018 R10SilverstoneRed Bull Racing3-0.03+1.39-0.2123-0.02+0.30
2018 R11HockenheimRed Bull Racing3+0.70+1.50+0.4046+0.21-0.61
2018 R12BudapestRed Bull Racing2+0.57+1.11+0.050——
2018 R13Spa-FrancorchampsRed Bull Racing2+0.14+0.80+0.0134+0.03-0.23
2018 R14MonzaRed Bull Racing3+0.10+0.73-0.0144+0.31-0.10
2018 R15SingaporeRed Bull Racing3+0.69+1.12+0.2143+0.72+0.60
2018 R16SochiRed Bull Racing1+0.35+1.16+0.1245+0.57+0.13
2018 R17SuzukaRed Bull Racing3+0.30+1.16+0.0935+0.98-0.57
2018 R18AustinRed Bull Racing1+0.06+0.91+0.5537+0.31+0.49
2018 R19Mexico CityRed Bull Racing2+0.53+0.95-0.0357+0.24+0.41
2018 R20São PauloRed Bull Racing3+0.29+0.83+0.4948-0.44+0.52
2018 R21Yas MarinaRed Bull Racing2+0.08+0.84+0.3930+0.69-1.06
2019 R01MelbourneRed Bull Racing3+0.33+0.64+0.1231-0.55-0.25
2019 R02SakhirRed Bull Racing3+0.16+0.69+0.3234+0.53+0.61
2019 R03ShanghaiRed Bull Racing2+0.74+0.76+0.0948+0.04+0.02
2019 R04BakuRed Bull Racing3+0.57+0.72+0.3036+0.17-2.09
2019 R05BarcelonaRed Bull Racing3+0.37+0.72+0.3946+0.21-0.20
2019 R06Monte CarloRed Bull Racing3+0.22+0.40+0.210——
2019 R07MontréalRed Bull Racing3+0.11-0.01-0.3746+0.18+0.22
2019 R08Le CastelletRed Bull Racing3+0.61+0.48+0.6045-0.56-0.92
2019 R09SpielbergRed Bull Racing3+0.17+0.78+0.3046+0.54+1.16
2019 R10SilverstoneRed Bull Racing3-0.13+0.35+0.0917-0.50-0.86
2019 R11HockenheimRed Bull Racing3+0.17+1.24+0.3812+0.61—
2019 R12BudapestRed Bull Racing2+0.21+0.95+0.4362-0.94+0.56
2019 R13Spa-FrancorchampsRed Bull Racing3-0.43+0.32+0.34———
2019 R14MonzaRed Bull Racing————7+0.22—
2019 R15SingaporeRed Bull Racing3+0.42+0.57+0.6611+0.70+0.23
2019 R16SochiRed Bull Racing3+0.13+0.89+0.4332+0.51-1.16
2019 R17SuzukaRed Bull Racing3+0.01+0.66+0.100——
2019 R18Mexico CityRed Bull Racing2-0.28+0.72+0.3050-0.55-0.01
2019 R19AustinRed Bull Racing2+0.02+0.76+0.6444+0.12+0.10
2019 R20São PauloRed Bull Racing3+0.53+0.95+0.7145-0.07-0.04
2019 R21Yas IslandRed Bull Racing2+0.51+0.84+0.0849+0.20+0.12
2020 R01SpielbergRed Bull Racing3+0.34+0.36+0.409+0.84-0.74
2020 R02SpielbergRed Bull Racing————59+0.75-1.02
2020 R03BudapestRed Bull Racing3+0.44+0.20+0.3162+0.28-0.08
2020 R04SilverstoneRed Bull Racing3+0.08-0.05+0.1029+0.24+0.02
2020 R05SilverstoneRed Bull Racing3+0.68+0.010.0036+0.48+0.15
2020 R06BarcelonaRed Bull Racing3+0.41+0.46+0.3756-0.07+0.39
2020 R07Spa-FrancorchampsRed Bull Racing3+0.15+0.46+0.1730-0.30-0.43
2020 R08MonzaRed Bull Racing3+0.24+0.38-0.040——
2020 R09MugelloRed Bull Racing2+0.46+0.81+0.57———
2020 R10SochiRed Bull Racing2-0.03+0.26+0.0336+0.04-0.09
2020 R11NürburgringRed Bull Racing3-0.31+0.40+0.2344-0.03+0.11
2020 R12PortimãoRed Bull Racing3+0.25+0.48+0.3357+0.46-0.45
2020 R13ImolaRed Bull Racing2+0.62+0.87+0.2123+1.10+0.07
2020 R15SakhirRed Bull Racing3+0.22+0.75+0.4235+0.21-1.20
2020 R16SakhirRed Bull Racing3+0.50+1.01-0.06———
2020 R17Yas IslandRed Bull Racing3-0.15+0.41+0.1749+0.63-0.67
2021 R01SakhirRed Bull Racing2+0.05+0.62+0.1839+0.66-1.19
2021 R02ImolaRed Bull Racing3+0.09+0.50+0.2926+0.06+0.64
2021 R03PortimãoRed Bull Racing3-0.18+0.10+0.4427-0.67+0.71
2021 R04BarcelonaRed Bull Racing3+0.52+0.59+0.0952+0.30+0.08
2021 R05Monte CarloRed Bull Racing3+0.03+0.28+0.4875+0.64-0.02
2021 R06BakuRed Bull Racing3-0.46+0.59+0.1325+0.56-0.77
2021 R07Le CastelletRed Bull Racing2+0.11+0.43-0.0141+0.38-0.43
2021 R08SpielbergRed Bull Racing3-0.29+0.77+0.2768+0.75-0.27
2021 R09SpielbergRed Bull Racing3+0.28+1.13+0.2762-0.16-0.40
2021 R10SilverstoneRed Bull Racing3+0.32+0.72+0.06———
2021 R11BudapestRed Bull Racing3+0.09+0.23+0.307+1.28—
2021 R13ZandvoortRed Bull Racing3+0.14+1.29+0.4164+0.10-0.27
2021 R14MonzaRed Bull Racing3-0.27+0.44+0.460——
2021 R15SochiRed Bull Racing————13-1.54—
2021 R16IstanbulRed Bull Racing3+0.50+0.39+0.30———
2021 R17AustinRed Bull Racing3+0.17+1.11+0.5540+0.09+1.27
2021 R18Mexico CityRed Bull Racing30.00+0.44+0.2664+0.14-0.40
2021 R19São PauloRed Bull Racing3+0.13+0.62+0.4051-0.78-1.07
2021 R20LusailRed Bull Racing3+0.18+0.35+0.5142+0.63+0.10
2021 R21JeddahRed Bull Racing3-0.10+0.13+0.1323-2.90-0.65
2021 R22Yas IslandRed Bull Racing2-0.22-0.03+0.4743-0.24-0.93

HOW THIS IS CALCULATED

The definitions behind every number on this page. The full specification lives with the pipeline code (backend/pipeline/signature/SPEC.md).

REGULATION ERAS

An era is a period under one set of technical rules. When the rules change, every car brakes, turns and wears its tyres differently, so a driver's style relative to the field can shift too. Signatures are therefore computed separately for each era, and the driver page shows the most recent era with at least one scored axis. These eras are defined by the car rules, separate from the storytelling eras elsewhere on the site.

ERAWHAT DEFINES ITDATA IN THIS DATASET
LATE HYBRID
2018–2021
THIS PAGE
1.6-litre V6 turbo hybrid power units, used since 2014, in the wider, higher-downforce cars on wider tyres introduced in 2017.
The era starts in 2018, the first season of the official timing archive, although its car rules date from 2017.
2018–2021
30 drivers scored
GROUND EFFECT
2022–2025
Most downforce comes from two Venturi tunnels under the floor, with simplified wings and 18-inch low-profile tyres, so that cars can follow each other more closely.
2022–2025
31 drivers scored
ACTIVE AERO
2026 onwards
Front and rear wings switch between a corner mode and a low-drag straight mode, replacing DRS. Cars are shorter, narrower and lighter (768 kg), the floor tunnels are gone, and power is split roughly half and half between combustion and electric, with the MGU-H removed and fully sustainable fuel.
Energy recovery is a bigger part of each lap: drivers lift off before braking to recharge and cars harvest at full throttle at the end of straights. Throttle and braking traces reflect energy management as well as driving style.
2026
22 drivers scored

THE FIELD

Every measurement is a difference from the other cars in the same session. Comparing within a session cancels out the track, the weather, the tyre generation and the overall speed of that year's cars, which is what makes different weekends comparable. For each corner, or each race, the driver's value has the field median subtracted and is divided by the field's spread (a robust z-score, capped at ±3). A value of +1 means one typical field spread better than the median driver.

FROM LAPS TO A SCORE

  1. Pick the laps. Qualifying: up to 3 push laps per driver, within 1% of their own best and 107% of the fastest lap, on dry tyres, not deleted for track limits and not run under red or yellow flags. Race: clean laps only, meaning not lap 1, no pit laps, no safety car, virtual safety car, red or yellow flag, dry tyres, at least 1.5 s behind the car ahead, and within 107% of the driver's stint median.
  2. Measure.Corners are the slowest points of the session's fastest lap (dips of at least 25km/h). Every lap is mapped onto that lap's line, so all drivers' brake points and apexes share one distance scale. Full throttle means 98% pedal or more, and a lift is a drop of 10points. In the race, each stint's lap times are corrected for fuel (0.055 s per lap of fuel still on board) and fitted against tyre age: the slope is degradation (at least 8 clean laps), and the scatter around the line is consistency (at least 6).
  3. Compare with the field. Each corner needs at least 8 field laps; tyre degradation is compared on the same compound when at least 4 stints used it.
  4. Combine over the era. A weighted average of the session values. An axis is only scored with at least 5 qualifying sessions and 150 lap-corners, or 5 races and 8 stints; otherwise it stays empty rather than guessed.
  5. Rank.The 0–100 score is the driver-era's percentile among every driver-era in the dataset, so 50 is typical.
  6. Confidence.The driver's sessions are resampled 400 times and re-ranked. The 90% range runs from the 5th to the 95th percentile of those ranks, and confidence is 1 minus the average width of the ranges.

COMPARISON GROUPS

ERA AVG

The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

ALL-TIME

The average of every driver-era in the dataset. Scores are ranks among those same driver-eras, so it sits at 50 on every axis by construction.

CHAMPIONS

World champions in the eras they won their titles, from the final standings of completed seasons. In the dataset: Lewis Hamilton (2018, 2019, 2020), Max Verstappen (2021, 2022, 2023, 2024), Lando Norris (2025).

TEAMMATES

The driver's teammates in this era, weighted by sessions shared. Same car, so this is the fairest comparison.

AXES

AXISMEASURESHIGHER MEANSDATA
STEERING SMOOTHNESSHow smoothly the driver steers through each corner.Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO
ENTRY AGGRESSIONSpeed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
TYRE MANAGEMENTHow fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT
THROTTLE APPLICATIONDistance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
BRAKINGWhere the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
CONSISTENCYHow much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

DATA AND COVERAGE

Source: Official F1 live-timing feed, read through TracingInsights' public FastF1 extraction (2018–2022) and the OpenF1 historical API (2023–2026). The feed gives car data (speed, throttle, brake on/off, gear) about 3.7 times a second, car positions, laps, tyre stints, gaps and race-control messages. It does not carry steering angle or brake pressure. 180 qualifying sessions and 186 races are scored.

SEASONWEEKENDSQUALIFYINGRACESNOT SCORED
20182120/2120/21
Australian qualifying: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
Australian race: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
20192121/2121/21—
20201715/1717/17
Styrian qualifying: wet
Turkish qualifying: wet
20212220/2222/22
Belgian qualifying: wet
Russian qualifying: mixed conditions, 6 drivers on dry tyres
20222220/2222/22
Canadian qualifying: wet
British qualifying: wet
20232221/2222/22
Dutch qualifying: mixed conditions, 9 drivers on dry tyres
20242422/2424/24
Belgian qualifying: wet
São Paulo qualifying: wet
20252422/2424/24
Azerbaijan qualifying: no lap data in the public feed
Las Vegas qualifying: wet
202619 (+4 still to run)19/1919/19—

KNOWN LIMITATIONS

  • The field includes faster and slower cars, so a driver in a quick car scores higher on car-sensitive measures such as minimum corner speed. The teammate comparison is where the car is held constant.
  • The braking point is not adjusted for approach speed: a driver who exits the previous corner faster arrives quicker and has to brake earlier. Braking describes style more than pace.
  • Tyre management cannot tell tyre wear apart from a driver deliberately controlling pace, so its ranges are wide.
  • From 2026, throttle and braking traces also reflect energy recovery (lifting before braking, harvesting at full throttle), not only driving style.
  • Steering smoothness needs steering angle, which no public feed carries. It is never estimated and will come from onboard video, along with seasons before 2018.

PIPELINE TIMING-0.1.0 · GENERATED 2026-11-02 · OFFICIAL F1 LIVE-TIMING FEED, READ THROUGH TRACINGINSIGHTS' PUBLIC FASTF1 EXTRACTION (2018–2022) AND THE OPENF1 HISTORICAL API (2023–2026)