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DRIVING SIGNATURE · FULL METRICS

Alexander Albon

Late hybrid era (2018–2021) · data from 2019–2020 · Red Bull Racing, Toro Rosso

LATE HYBRID · 2019–2020GROUND EFFECT · 2022–2025ACTIVE AERO · 2026

LAPS USED

1,132

QUALIFYING

34

RACES

37

AXES SCORED

5/6

CONFIDENCE

0.67

How this is calculated — the era, the field, the comparison groups and every threshold.

OVERVIEW

Each axis is a 0–100 rank among every driver-era in the dataset, built from differences to the same-session field. The 90% range is where nine in ten resampled scores land. Rank is within the late hybrid field.

STEERINGSMOOTHNESSPENDINGENTRY AGGRESSIONTYRE MANAGEMENTTHROTTLE APPLICATIONBRAKINGCONSISTENCY

DASHED: ERA AVG — The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

AXISSCORE90% RANGERANKERA AVGALL-TIMECHAMPIONSTEAMMATES
STEERINGPENDING——————
ENTRY7775–836/3047509276
TYRE MGMT6323–8813/3053505137
THROTTLE3932–4819/3050507695
BRAKING3821–4418/3049507875
CONSISTENCY4025–7620/3049508185

AXIS BY AXIS

What each axis measures, where the driver sits among this era's drivers, the raw differences behind the score, and how it moved from weekend to weekend.

ENTRY AGGRESSION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Speed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.

77/ 100
RANK 6 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 75–83

Higher means: Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.

0255075100Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 40Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 99Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 65Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 81Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 33Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 25Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 98Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 46Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 73Robert Kubica (Williams): 1Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 44Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 6Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 59Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 27Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 2Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 13Lando Norris (McLaren): 67Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 49Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 45Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 24Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 90George Russell (Williams): 22Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 52Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 4Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 17Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 61Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 15Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 93Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 66Alexander Albon: 77

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

2.0 km/h more speed as the brake comes off.

1.5 km/h higher minimum corner speed.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

20192020
2019 Melbourne: -0.242019 Sakhir: +0.212019 Shanghai: no usable session2019 Baku: -0.102019 Barcelona: -0.032019 Monte Carlo: +0.252019 Montréal: +0.592019 Le Castellet: -0.382019 Spielberg: +0.052019 Silverstone: +0.072019 Hockenheim: -0.722019 Budapest: -0.122019 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.082019 Monza: +1.072019 Singapore: +0.322019 Sochi: no usable session2019 Suzuka: +0.682019 Mexico City: +0.832019 Austin: +0.502019 São Paulo: +0.832019 Yas Island: +0.962020 Spielberg: +0.482020 Spielberg: no usable session2020 Budapest: -0.262020 Silverstone: -0.432020 Silverstone: +0.362020 Barcelona: +0.232020 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.342020 Monza: -0.062020 Mugello: +0.692020 Sochi: +0.292020 Nürburgring: +0.302020 Portimão: +0.462020 Imola: +0.022020 Sakhir: +0.322020 Sakhir: +0.482020 Yas Island: +0.58

34 SESSIONS · 688 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

TYRE MANAGEMENT

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.

63/ 100
RANK 13 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 23–88

Higher means: Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.

0255075100Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 93Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 10Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 84Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 49Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 15Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 47Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 59Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 79Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 88Robert Kubica (Williams): 8Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 36Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 54Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 18Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 75Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 4Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 16Lando Norris (McLaren): 81Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 86Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 60Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 46Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 87George Russell (Williams): 64Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 74Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 9Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 26Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 98Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 91Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 38Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 20Alexander Albon: 63

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Loses 0.041 s per lap of tyre age after fuel correction, 0.004 s/lap less than the race median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

20192020
2019 Melbourne: -0.262019 Sakhir: +1.422019 Shanghai: +0.382019 Baku: +0.142019 Barcelona: -0.132019 Monte Carlo: -0.092019 Montréal: -0.692019 Le Castellet: -0.202019 Spielberg: +0.382019 Silverstone: -1.572019 Hockenheim: no usable session2019 Budapest: +1.652019 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2019 Monza: +0.732019 Singapore: +0.812019 Sochi: +0.782019 Suzuka: +0.342019 Mexico City: -0.552019 Austin: -1.082019 São Paulo: -1.422019 Yas Island: -0.042020 Spielberg: -0.672020 Spielberg: +0.702020 Budapest: +0.112020 Silverstone: -0.192020 Silverstone: -0.662020 Barcelona: -0.672020 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.302020 Monza: +1.052020 Mugello: -0.952020 Sochi: -0.402020 Nürburgring: no usable session2020 Portimão: +0.752020 Imola: +1.482020 Sakhir: -0.282020 Sakhir: +0.892020 Yas Island: +0.23

34 SESSIONS · 50 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

THROTTLE APPLICATION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Distance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.

39/ 100
RANK 19 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 32–48

Higher means: Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.

0255075100Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 76Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 75Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 61Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 87Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 22Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 66Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 60Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 73Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 56Robert Kubica (Williams): 2Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 97Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 18Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 30Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 27Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 1Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 4Lando Norris (McLaren): 45Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 9Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 64Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 36Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 67George Russell (Williams): 35Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 62Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 13Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 57Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 91Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 70Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 94Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 54Alexander Albon: 39

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Reaches full throttle 2.1 m further from the apex than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

20192020
2019 Melbourne: -0.052019 Sakhir: -0.112019 Shanghai: no usable session2019 Baku: -0.312019 Barcelona: +0.142019 Monte Carlo: -0.102019 Montréal: -0.102019 Le Castellet: -0.162019 Spielberg: -0.132019 Silverstone: -0.132019 Hockenheim: -0.482019 Budapest: +0.122019 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.162019 Monza: -0.402019 Singapore: -0.142019 Sochi: no usable session2019 Suzuka: +0.172019 Mexico City: +0.102019 Austin: -0.022019 São Paulo: +0.312019 Yas Island: -0.162020 Spielberg: -0.372020 Spielberg: no usable session2020 Budapest: -0.032020 Silverstone: -0.012020 Silverstone: +0.092020 Barcelona: -0.042020 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.272020 Monza: +0.042020 Mugello: -0.052020 Sochi: -0.142020 Nürburgring: +0.352020 Portimão: -0.182020 Imola: +0.032020 Sakhir: +0.042020 Sakhir: -0.122020 Yas Island: -0.34

34 SESSIONS · 652 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

BRAKING

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Where the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.

38/ 100
RANK 18 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 21–44

Higher means: Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.

0255075100Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 60Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 86Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 55Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 90Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 29Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 61Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 97Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 99Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 46Robert Kubica (Williams): 14Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 70Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 15Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 59Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 10Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 1Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 2Lando Norris (McLaren): 88Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 24Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 31Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 33Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 73George Russell (Williams): 27Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 49Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 30Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 9Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 92Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 66Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 78Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 43Alexander Albon: 38

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Starts braking 2.1 m earlier than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

20192020
2019 Melbourne: -0.202019 Sakhir: -0.592019 Shanghai: no usable session2019 Baku: -0.572019 Barcelona: -0.462019 Monte Carlo: +0.232019 Montréal: +0.272019 Le Castellet: -0.262019 Spielberg: -0.482019 Silverstone: -0.202019 Hockenheim: -1.192019 Budapest: -0.132019 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.302019 Monza: +0.312019 Singapore: +0.312019 Sochi: no usable session2019 Suzuka: -0.192019 Mexico City: -0.302019 Austin: +0.102019 São Paulo: -0.212019 Yas Island: +0.012020 Spielberg: -0.622020 Spielberg: no usable session2020 Budapest: -0.412020 Silverstone: -0.192020 Silverstone: +0.172020 Barcelona: -0.062020 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.372020 Monza: -0.442020 Mugello: -0.082020 Sochi: -0.162020 Nürburgring: -0.132020 Portimão: -0.312020 Imola: -0.532020 Sakhir: -0.392020 Sakhir: 0.002020 Yas Island: -0.09

34 SESSIONS · 586 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

CONSISTENCY

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.

40/ 100
RANK 20 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 25–76

Higher means: Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.

0255075100Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 45Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 44Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 22Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 67Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 51Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 34Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 57Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 30Nico Hulkenberg (Renault): 49Robert Kubica (Williams): 4Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 66Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 14Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 64Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 32Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 1Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 3Lando Norris (McLaren): 87Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 85Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 60Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 48Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 73George Russell (Williams): 17Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 86Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 7Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 63Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 58Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 80Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 95Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 84Alexander Albon: 40

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Lap times scatter 0.346 s around the stint trend, 0.035 s looser than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

20192020
2019 Melbourne: -1.742019 Sakhir: +0.232019 Shanghai: -0.332019 Baku: -1.602019 Barcelona: +0.222019 Monte Carlo: +0.482019 Montréal: -3.002019 Le Castellet: -0.772019 Spielberg: -0.282019 Silverstone: +0.472019 Hockenheim: +0.742019 Budapest: -0.222019 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2019 Monza: -0.042019 Singapore: +0.012019 Sochi: -2.052019 Suzuka: +0.622019 Mexico City: -0.172019 Austin: -0.262019 São Paulo: -0.072019 Yas Island: -0.202020 Spielberg: +0.012020 Spielberg: -0.772020 Budapest: +0.462020 Silverstone: +0.392020 Silverstone: -0.172020 Barcelona: -0.292020 Spa-Francorchamps: -1.022020 Monza: +0.052020 Mugello: -0.152020 Sochi: +0.102020 Nürburgring: no usable session2020 Portimão: -0.442020 Imola: -0.602020 Sakhir: +0.032020 Sakhir: +0.482020 Yas Island: +0.44

35 SESSIONS · 62 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

STEERING SMOOTHNESS

NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO

How smoothly the driver steers through each corner.

PENDING

Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.

TEAMMATES

Same car, same sessions. Each cell is the average difference over the sessions they shared, in field-spread units: +0.30 means 0.3 of a typical field spread better on that axis. Qualifying H2H is the share of shared qualifying sessions where Albon's best lap was faster.

TEAMMATESHAREDQUALI H2HENTRYTYRE MGMTTHROTTLEBRAKINGCONSISTENCY
Max Verstappen44
22 Q · 22 R
0%-0.17+0.19-0.31-0.40-0.55
Daniil Kvyat23
11 Q · 12 R
46%+0.10+0.53-0.42-0.40-0.17

SESSION LOG

Every weekend in this era. Values are the difference from that session's field in field-spread units, green better and red worse. A dash means the session was skipped (wet, or no data) or the driver had no usable laps.

WEEKENDCIRCUITTEAMQ LAPSBRAKINGENTRYTHROTTLERACE LAPSCONSISTENCYTYRE MGMT
2019 R01MelbourneToro Rosso3-0.20-0.24-0.0539-1.74-0.26
2019 R02SakhirToro Rosso3-0.59+0.21-0.1127+0.23+1.42
2019 R03ShanghaiToro Rosso————31-0.33+0.38
2019 R04BakuToro Rosso3-0.57-0.10-0.3130-1.60+0.14
2019 R05BarcelonaToro Rosso3-0.46-0.03+0.1425+0.22-0.13
2019 R06Monte CarloToro Rosso3+0.23+0.25-0.1036+0.48-0.09
2019 R07MontréalToro Rosso3+0.27+0.59-0.1041-3.00-0.69
2019 R08Le CastelletToro Rosso2-0.26-0.38-0.1630-0.77-0.20
2019 R09SpielbergToro Rosso3-0.48+0.05-0.1347-0.28+0.38
2019 R10SilverstoneToro Rosso3-0.20+0.07-0.1319+0.47-1.57
2019 R11HockenheimToro Rosso1-1.19-0.72-0.486+0.74—
2019 R12BudapestToro Rosso3-0.13-0.12+0.1226-0.22+1.65
2019 R13Spa-FrancorchampsRed Bull Racing2-0.30-0.08-0.160——
2019 R14MonzaRed Bull Racing2+0.31+1.07-0.4027-0.04+0.73
2019 R15SingaporeRed Bull Racing3+0.31+0.32-0.1412+0.01+0.81
2019 R16SochiRed Bull Racing————14-2.05+0.78
2019 R17SuzukaRed Bull Racing3-0.19+0.68+0.1731+0.62+0.34
2019 R18Mexico CityRed Bull Racing2-0.30+0.83+0.1053-0.17-0.55
2019 R19AustinRed Bull Racing2+0.10+0.50-0.0227-0.26-1.08
2019 R20São PauloRed Bull Racing3-0.21+0.83+0.3138-0.07-1.42
2019 R21Yas IslandRed Bull Racing3+0.01+0.96-0.1645-0.20-0.04
2020 R01SpielbergRed Bull Racing2-0.62+0.48-0.3739+0.01-0.67
2020 R02SpielbergRed Bull Racing————61-0.77+0.70
2020 R03BudapestRed Bull Racing3-0.41-0.26-0.0338+0.46+0.11
2020 R04SilverstoneRed Bull Racing3-0.19-0.43-0.0114+0.39-0.19
2020 R05SilverstoneRed Bull Racing3+0.17+0.36+0.0924-0.17-0.66
2020 R06BarcelonaRed Bull Racing3-0.06+0.23-0.0420-0.29-0.67
2020 R07Spa-FrancorchampsRed Bull Racing3-0.37+0.34-0.2722-1.02-0.30
2020 R08MonzaRed Bull Racing2-0.44-0.06+0.048+0.05+1.05
2020 R09MugelloRed Bull Racing3-0.08+0.69-0.0525-0.15-0.95
2020 R10SochiRed Bull Racing3-0.16+0.29-0.1421+0.10-0.40
2020 R11NürburgringRed Bull Racing3-0.13+0.30+0.350——
2020 R12PortimãoRed Bull Racing3-0.31+0.46-0.1837-0.44+0.75
2020 R13ImolaRed Bull Racing2-0.53+0.02+0.0320-0.60+1.48
2020 R15SakhirRed Bull Racing3-0.39+0.32+0.0435+0.03-0.28
2020 R16SakhirRed Bull Racing20.00+0.48-0.1232+0.48+0.89
2020 R17Yas IslandRed Bull Racing3-0.09+0.58-0.3441+0.44+0.23

HOW THIS IS CALCULATED

The definitions behind every number on this page. The full specification lives with the pipeline code (backend/pipeline/signature/SPEC.md).

REGULATION ERAS

An era is a period under one set of technical rules. When the rules change, every car brakes, turns and wears its tyres differently, so a driver's style relative to the field can shift too. Signatures are therefore computed separately for each era, and the driver page shows the most recent era with at least one scored axis. These eras are defined by the car rules, separate from the storytelling eras elsewhere on the site.

ERAWHAT DEFINES ITDATA IN THIS DATASET
LATE HYBRID
2018–2021
THIS PAGE
1.6-litre V6 turbo hybrid power units, used since 2014, in the wider, higher-downforce cars on wider tyres introduced in 2017.
The era starts in 2018, the first season of the official timing archive, although its car rules date from 2017.
2018–2021
30 drivers scored
GROUND EFFECT
2022–2025
Most downforce comes from two Venturi tunnels under the floor, with simplified wings and 18-inch low-profile tyres, so that cars can follow each other more closely.
2022–2025
31 drivers scored
ACTIVE AERO
2026 onwards
Front and rear wings switch between a corner mode and a low-drag straight mode, replacing DRS. Cars are shorter, narrower and lighter (768 kg), the floor tunnels are gone, and power is split roughly half and half between combustion and electric, with the MGU-H removed and fully sustainable fuel.
Energy recovery is a bigger part of each lap: drivers lift off before braking to recharge and cars harvest at full throttle at the end of straights. Throttle and braking traces reflect energy management as well as driving style.
2026
22 drivers scored

THE FIELD

Every measurement is a difference from the other cars in the same session. Comparing within a session cancels out the track, the weather, the tyre generation and the overall speed of that year's cars, which is what makes different weekends comparable. For each corner, or each race, the driver's value has the field median subtracted and is divided by the field's spread (a robust z-score, capped at ±3). A value of +1 means one typical field spread better than the median driver.

FROM LAPS TO A SCORE

  1. Pick the laps. Qualifying: up to 3 push laps per driver, within 1% of their own best and 107% of the fastest lap, on dry tyres, not deleted for track limits and not run under red or yellow flags. Race: clean laps only, meaning not lap 1, no pit laps, no safety car, virtual safety car, red or yellow flag, dry tyres, at least 1.5 s behind the car ahead, and within 107% of the driver's stint median.
  2. Measure.Corners are the slowest points of the session's fastest lap (dips of at least 25km/h). Every lap is mapped onto that lap's line, so all drivers' brake points and apexes share one distance scale. Full throttle means 98% pedal or more, and a lift is a drop of 10points. In the race, each stint's lap times are corrected for fuel (0.055 s per lap of fuel still on board) and fitted against tyre age: the slope is degradation (at least 8 clean laps), and the scatter around the line is consistency (at least 6).
  3. Compare with the field. Each corner needs at least 8 field laps; tyre degradation is compared on the same compound when at least 4 stints used it.
  4. Combine over the era. A weighted average of the session values. An axis is only scored with at least 5 qualifying sessions and 150 lap-corners, or 5 races and 8 stints; otherwise it stays empty rather than guessed.
  5. Rank.The 0–100 score is the driver-era's percentile among every driver-era in the dataset, so 50 is typical.
  6. Confidence.The driver's sessions are resampled 400 times and re-ranked. The 90% range runs from the 5th to the 95th percentile of those ranks, and confidence is 1 minus the average width of the ranges.

COMPARISON GROUPS

ERA AVG

The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

ALL-TIME

The average of every driver-era in the dataset. Scores are ranks among those same driver-eras, so it sits at 50 on every axis by construction.

CHAMPIONS

World champions in the eras they won their titles, from the final standings of completed seasons. In the dataset: Lewis Hamilton (2018, 2019, 2020), Max Verstappen (2021, 2022, 2023, 2024), Lando Norris (2025).

TEAMMATES

The driver's teammates in this era, weighted by sessions shared. Same car, so this is the fairest comparison.

AXES

AXISMEASURESHIGHER MEANSDATA
STEERING SMOOTHNESSHow smoothly the driver steers through each corner.Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO
ENTRY AGGRESSIONSpeed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
TYRE MANAGEMENTHow fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT
THROTTLE APPLICATIONDistance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
BRAKINGWhere the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
CONSISTENCYHow much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

DATA AND COVERAGE

Source: Official F1 live-timing feed, read through TracingInsights' public FastF1 extraction (2018–2022) and the OpenF1 historical API (2023–2026). The feed gives car data (speed, throttle, brake on/off, gear) about 3.7 times a second, car positions, laps, tyre stints, gaps and race-control messages. It does not carry steering angle or brake pressure. 180 qualifying sessions and 186 races are scored.

SEASONWEEKENDSQUALIFYINGRACESNOT SCORED
20182120/2120/21
Australian qualifying: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
Australian race: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
20192121/2121/21—
20201715/1717/17
Styrian qualifying: wet
Turkish qualifying: wet
20212220/2222/22
Belgian qualifying: wet
Russian qualifying: mixed conditions, 6 drivers on dry tyres
20222220/2222/22
Canadian qualifying: wet
British qualifying: wet
20232221/2222/22
Dutch qualifying: mixed conditions, 9 drivers on dry tyres
20242422/2424/24
Belgian qualifying: wet
São Paulo qualifying: wet
20252422/2424/24
Azerbaijan qualifying: no lap data in the public feed
Las Vegas qualifying: wet
202619 (+4 still to run)19/1919/19—

KNOWN LIMITATIONS

  • The field includes faster and slower cars, so a driver in a quick car scores higher on car-sensitive measures such as minimum corner speed. The teammate comparison is where the car is held constant.
  • The braking point is not adjusted for approach speed: a driver who exits the previous corner faster arrives quicker and has to brake earlier. Braking describes style more than pace.
  • Tyre management cannot tell tyre wear apart from a driver deliberately controlling pace, so its ranges are wide.
  • From 2026, throttle and braking traces also reflect energy recovery (lifting before braking, harvesting at full throttle), not only driving style.
  • Steering smoothness needs steering angle, which no public feed carries. It is never estimated and will come from onboard video, along with seasons before 2018.

PIPELINE TIMING-0.1.0 · GENERATED 2026-11-02 · OFFICIAL F1 LIVE-TIMING FEED, READ THROUGH TRACINGINSIGHTS' PUBLIC FASTF1 EXTRACTION (2018–2022) AND THE OPENF1 HISTORICAL API (2023–2026)