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DRIVING SIGNATURE · FULL METRICS

Max Verstappen

Ground effect era (2022–2025) · data from 2022–2025 · Red Bull Racing

LATE HYBRID · 2018–2021GROUND EFFECT · 2022–2025ACTIVE AERO · 2026

LAPS USED

3,679

QUALIFYING

85

RACES

87

AXES SCORED

5/6

CONFIDENCE

0.84

How this is calculated — the era, the field, the comparison groups and every threshold.

OVERVIEW

Each axis is a 0–100 rank among every driver-era in the dataset, built from differences to the same-session field. The 90% range is where nine in ten resampled scores land. Rank is within the ground effect field.

STEERINGSMOOTHNESSPENDINGENTRY AGGRESSIONTYRE MANAGEMENTTHROTTLE APPLICATIONBRAKINGCONSISTENCY

DASHED: ERA AVG — The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

AXISSCORE90% RANGERANKERA AVGALL-TIMECHAMPIONSTEAMMATES
STEERINGPENDING——————
ENTRY8077–835/2951509264
TYRE MGMT4818–7115/3047505122
THROTTLE9895–992/2949507692
BRAKING5652–6313/2951507855
CONSISTENCY9792–991/3149508150

AXIS BY AXIS

What each axis measures, where the driver sits among this era's drivers, the raw differences behind the score, and how it moved from weekend to weekend.

ENTRY AGGRESSION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Speed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.

80/ 100
RANK 5 OF 29 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 77–83

Higher means: Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 29Fernando Alonso (Aston Martin): 41Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 78Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 51Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 12Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 31Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 38Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 82Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 71Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 55Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 35Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 3Liam Lawson (Racing Bulls): 50Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 83Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 28Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 64Lando Norris (McLaren): 97Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 34Sergio Perez (Red Bull Racing): 70Oscar Piastri (McLaren): 96Daniel Ricciardo (McLaren): 69George Russell (Mercedes): 76Carlos Sainz (Ferrari): 54Logan Sargeant (Williams): 20Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 19Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 48Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 43Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 23Max Verstappen: 80

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

1.8 km/h more speed as the brake comes off.

1.7 km/h higher minimum corner speed.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2022202320242025
2022 Sakhir: +0.722022 Jeddah: -0.132022 Melbourne: +0.352022 Imola: +0.242022 Miami: -0.072022 Barcelona: +0.922022 Monaco: +0.172022 Baku: +0.262022 Montréal: no usable session2022 Silverstone: no usable session2022 Spielberg: +0.452022 Le Castellet: +0.522022 Budapest: +0.532022 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.882022 Zandvoort: +0.502022 Monza: +1.132022 Marina Bay: -0.812022 Suzuka: +0.292022 Austin: +0.122022 Mexico City: +0.222022 São Paulo: +0.122022 Yas Island: +0.192023 Sakhir: +0.912023 Jeddah: -0.232023 Melbourne: +0.572023 Baku: +0.822023 Miami: +0.522023 Monte Carlo: +0.342023 Catalunya: +0.632023 Montreal: +0.502023 Spielberg: +0.772023 Silverstone: +0.312023 Hungaroring: +0.212023 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.532023 Zandvoort: no usable session2023 Monza: +0.452023 Singapore: +0.132023 Suzuka: +0.932023 Lusail: +0.452023 Austin: +0.372023 Mexico City: +0.092023 Interlagos: +0.442023 Las Vegas: +0.352023 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.132024 Sakhir: +0.402024 Jeddah: +0.122024 Melbourne: -0.032024 Suzuka: +0.102024 Shanghai: +0.362024 Miami: +0.062024 Imola: +0.382024 Monte Carlo: +0.372024 Montreal: +0.322024 Catalunya: +0.272024 Spielberg: +0.602024 Silverstone: +0.242024 Hungaroring: +0.342024 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2024 Zandvoort: +1.032024 Monza: +0.212024 Baku: +0.132024 Singapore: +0.602024 Austin: -0.012024 Mexico City: +0.272024 Las Vegas: +0.202024 Lusail: +0.852024 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.012025 Melbourne: +0.392025 Shanghai: +0.142025 Suzuka: +0.312025 Sakhir: +0.072025 Jeddah: +0.242025 Miami: +0.222025 Imola: +0.672025 Monte Carlo: +0.262025 Catalunya: +0.022025 Montreal: +0.362025 Spielberg: +0.172025 Silverstone: -0.322025 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.462025 Hungaroring: -0.562025 Zandvoort: +0.842025 Monza: +0.352025 Baku: no usable session2025 Singapore: +0.272025 Austin: +0.382025 Mexico City: +0.202025 Interlagos: -0.462025 Las Vegas: no usable session2025 Lusail: +0.692025 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.18

85 SESSIONS · 1708 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

TYRE MANAGEMENT

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.

48/ 100
RANK 15 OF 30 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 18–71

Higher means: Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 65Fernando Alonso (Aston Martin): 96Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 85Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 90Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 5Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 14Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 21Nyck De Vries (AlphaTauri): 12Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 27Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 51Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 55Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 23Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 7Liam Lawson (Racing Bulls): 76Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 41Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 19Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 32Lando Norris (McLaren): 57Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 66Sergio Perez (Red Bull Racing): 13Oscar Piastri (McLaren): 77Daniel Ricciardo (McLaren): 73George Russell (Mercedes): 71Carlos Sainz (Ferrari): 68Logan Sargeant (Williams): 1Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 30Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 45Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 97Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 31Max Verstappen: 48

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Loses 0.059 s per lap of tyre age after fuel correction, 0.009 s/lap more than the race median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2022202320242025
2022 Sakhir: +0.292022 Jeddah: -1.342022 Melbourne: -0.482022 Imola: -0.092022 Miami: +0.422022 Barcelona: +0.192022 Monaco: no usable session2022 Baku: -0.852022 Montréal: +0.432022 Silverstone: -1.372022 Spielberg: -0.932022 Le Castellet: -1.022022 Budapest: -1.132022 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.732022 Zandvoort: +0.092022 Monza: -0.642022 Marina Bay: -0.492022 Suzuka: no usable session2022 Austin: +0.152022 Mexico City: -0.392022 São Paulo: -1.162022 Yas Island: +0.662023 Sakhir: +0.702023 Jeddah: -2.332023 Melbourne: -0.542023 Baku: +0.282023 Miami: +1.882023 Monte Carlo: -0.602023 Catalunya: +0.392023 Montreal: -0.252023 Spielberg: -0.092023 Silverstone: -0.802023 Hungaroring: +1.272023 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.912023 Zandvoort: +0.482023 Monza: -1.532023 Singapore: +0.812023 Suzuka: -0.062023 Lusail: +0.242023 Austin: -0.452023 Mexico City: -0.292023 Interlagos: +0.622023 Las Vegas: +0.542023 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.252024 Sakhir: +0.252024 Jeddah: -0.682024 Melbourne: no usable session2024 Suzuka: -0.652024 Shanghai: -0.712024 Miami: -0.242024 Imola: +0.422024 Monte Carlo: +0.672024 Montreal: +0.112024 Catalunya: +0.392024 Spielberg: -1.202024 Silverstone: -0.112024 Hungaroring: -0.662024 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2024 Zandvoort: -0.442024 Monza: -1.042024 Baku: -0.382024 Singapore: +1.482024 Austin: -0.582024 Mexico City: -0.852024 Las Vegas: +0.302024 Lusail: +0.182024 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.142025 Melbourne: no usable session2025 Shanghai: +0.562025 Suzuka: +0.322025 Sakhir: no usable session2025 Jeddah: +0.132025 Miami: -1.472025 Imola: -0.022025 Monte Carlo: -0.072025 Catalunya: -1.322025 Montreal: -0.282025 Spielberg: no usable session2025 Silverstone: no usable session2025 Spa-Francorchamps: -1.062025 Hungaroring: -0.052025 Zandvoort: +2.002025 Monza: -0.972025 Baku: -0.092025 Singapore: +0.312025 Austin: -0.052025 Mexico City: +0.412025 Interlagos: -1.282025 Las Vegas: +0.872025 Lusail: +0.142025 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.19

83 SESSIONS · 174 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

THROTTLE APPLICATION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Distance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.

98/ 100
RANK 2 OF 29 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 95–99

Higher means: Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 3Fernando Alonso (Aston Martin): 72Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 65Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 28Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 55Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 41Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 8Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 80Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 82Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 38Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 48Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 6Liam Lawson (Racing Bulls): 77Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 40Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 44Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 23Lando Norris (McLaren): 52Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 15Sergio Perez (Red Bull Racing): 99Oscar Piastri (McLaren): 31Daniel Ricciardo (McLaren): 59George Russell (Mercedes): 81Carlos Sainz (Ferrari): 50Logan Sargeant (Williams): 10Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 86Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 71Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 51Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 14Max Verstappen: 98

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Reaches full throttle 8.2 m closer to the apex than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2022202320242025
2022 Sakhir: +0.502022 Jeddah: +0.392022 Melbourne: +0.432022 Imola: +0.662022 Miami: +0.142022 Barcelona: +0.432022 Monaco: +0.552022 Baku: +0.262022 Montréal: no usable session2022 Silverstone: no usable session2022 Spielberg: +0.142022 Le Castellet: +0.582022 Budapest: +0.122022 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.462022 Zandvoort: +0.282022 Monza: +0.582022 Marina Bay: -0.022022 Suzuka: +0.102022 Austin: +0.582022 Mexico City: +0.362022 São Paulo: +0.722022 Yas Island: -0.022023 Sakhir: +0.482023 Jeddah: -0.182023 Melbourne: +0.152023 Baku: +0.272023 Miami: +0.562023 Monte Carlo: +0.232023 Catalunya: +0.352023 Montreal: +0.222023 Spielberg: +0.432023 Silverstone: +0.552023 Hungaroring: +0.342023 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.152023 Zandvoort: no usable session2023 Monza: +0.232023 Singapore: +0.252023 Suzuka: 0.002023 Lusail: +0.032023 Austin: +0.692023 Mexico City: +0.062023 Interlagos: -0.082023 Las Vegas: +0.312023 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.142024 Sakhir: +0.212024 Jeddah: +0.242024 Melbourne: +0.302024 Suzuka: +0.212024 Shanghai: +0.252024 Miami: +0.972024 Imola: +0.262024 Monte Carlo: +0.442024 Montreal: +0.702024 Catalunya: +0.462024 Spielberg: +0.262024 Silverstone: +0.332024 Hungaroring: +0.262024 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2024 Zandvoort: +0.532024 Monza: +0.272024 Baku: +0.592024 Singapore: +0.242024 Austin: +0.292024 Mexico City: +0.152024 Las Vegas: +0.032024 Lusail: +0.412024 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.562025 Melbourne: +0.382025 Shanghai: +0.402025 Suzuka: -0.042025 Sakhir: +0.352025 Jeddah: +0.422025 Miami: +0.592025 Imola: +0.362025 Monte Carlo: -0.082025 Catalunya: +0.422025 Montreal: +0.942025 Spielberg: +0.172025 Silverstone: +0.192025 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.082025 Hungaroring: +0.292025 Zandvoort: +0.132025 Monza: +0.132025 Baku: no usable session2025 Singapore: +0.152025 Austin: +0.592025 Mexico City: +0.012025 Interlagos: +0.242025 Las Vegas: no usable session2025 Lusail: +0.302025 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.35

85 SESSIONS · 1635 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

BRAKING

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Where the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.

56/ 100
RANK 13 OF 29 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 52–63

Higher means: Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 22Fernando Alonso (Aston Martin): 76Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 62Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 41Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 23Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 36Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 18Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 64Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 82Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 77Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 48Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 3Liam Lawson (Racing Bulls): 51Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 67Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 34Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 19Lando Norris (McLaren): 80Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 20Sergio Perez (Red Bull Racing): 45Oscar Piastri (McLaren): 83Daniel Ricciardo (McLaren): 71George Russell (Mercedes): 72Carlos Sainz (Ferrari): 35Logan Sargeant (Williams): 28Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 65Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 87Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 50Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 54Max Verstappen: 56

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Starts braking 1.8 m later than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2022202320242025
2022 Sakhir: -0.292022 Jeddah: -0.692022 Melbourne: -0.282022 Imola: -0.072022 Miami: -0.582022 Barcelona: -0.122022 Monaco: +0.222022 Baku: -0.102022 Montréal: no usable session2022 Silverstone: no usable session2022 Spielberg: -0.062022 Le Castellet: -0.132022 Budapest: -0.062022 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.082022 Zandvoort: +0.062022 Monza: +0.212022 Marina Bay: -0.032022 Suzuka: -0.602022 Austin: -0.692022 Mexico City: +0.012022 São Paulo: +0.412022 Yas Island: -0.212023 Sakhir: -0.242023 Jeddah: -0.512023 Melbourne: -0.012023 Baku: -0.412023 Miami: -0.262023 Monte Carlo: -0.302023 Catalunya: -0.042023 Montreal: +0.522023 Spielberg: -0.022023 Silverstone: +0.072023 Hungaroring: +0.082023 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.142023 Zandvoort: no usable session2023 Monza: +0.272023 Singapore: +0.362023 Suzuka: +0.482023 Lusail: -0.142023 Austin: +0.172023 Mexico City: -0.172023 Interlagos: -0.042023 Las Vegas: +0.122023 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.392024 Sakhir: -0.122024 Jeddah: +0.392024 Melbourne: -0.152024 Suzuka: -0.322024 Shanghai: -0.012024 Miami: -0.012024 Imola: +0.122024 Monte Carlo: -0.062024 Montreal: +0.732024 Catalunya: +0.312024 Spielberg: +0.672024 Silverstone: +0.412024 Hungaroring: +0.342024 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2024 Zandvoort: +0.632024 Monza: +0.392024 Baku: +0.232024 Singapore: +0.192024 Austin: +0.132024 Mexico City: +0.382024 Las Vegas: +0.362024 Lusail: +0.562024 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.182025 Melbourne: +0.312025 Shanghai: +0.052025 Suzuka: -0.162025 Sakhir: -0.352025 Jeddah: +0.212025 Miami: -0.352025 Imola: +0.502025 Monte Carlo: +0.352025 Catalunya: +0.122025 Montreal: +0.632025 Spielberg: -0.012025 Silverstone: +0.162025 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.092025 Hungaroring: +0.352025 Zandvoort: +0.192025 Monza: -0.152025 Baku: no usable session2025 Singapore: +0.442025 Austin: +0.162025 Mexico City: +0.412025 Interlagos: -0.652025 Las Vegas: no usable session2025 Lusail: -0.012025 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.07

85 SESSIONS · 1557 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

CONSISTENCY

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.

97/ 100
RANK 1 OF 31 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 92–99

Higher means: Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 62Fernando Alonso (Aston Martin): 38Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 81Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 36Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 25Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 21Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 39Nyck De Vries (AlphaTauri): 33Jack Doohan (Alpine): 9Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 79Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 55Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 46Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 19Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 5Liam Lawson (Racing Bulls): 70Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 72Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 11Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 13Lando Norris (McLaren): 75Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 83Sergio Perez (Red Bull Racing): 52Oscar Piastri (McLaren): 56Daniel Ricciardo (McLaren): 31George Russell (Mercedes): 93Carlos Sainz (Ferrari): 89Logan Sargeant (Williams): 16Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 68Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 42Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 78Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 20Max Verstappen: 97

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Lap times scatter 0.274 s around the stint trend, 0.013 s tighter than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

2022202320242025
2022 Sakhir: +0.292022 Jeddah: +0.022022 Melbourne: -0.082022 Imola: -1.162022 Miami: +0.252022 Barcelona: -0.112022 Monaco: +0.672022 Baku: -0.082022 Montréal: +1.012022 Silverstone: +0.472022 Spielberg: +0.052022 Le Castellet: +0.272022 Budapest: -0.602022 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.292022 Zandvoort: +0.332022 Monza: +0.802022 Marina Bay: +0.402022 Suzuka: no usable session2022 Austin: -0.062022 Mexico City: +0.782022 São Paulo: +0.232022 Yas Island: +0.022023 Sakhir: +0.052023 Jeddah: -1.052023 Melbourne: -0.042023 Baku: +1.712023 Miami: +1.002023 Monte Carlo: -1.252023 Catalunya: +0.532023 Montreal: +0.192023 Spielberg: +0.772023 Silverstone: -0.132023 Hungaroring: +0.032023 Spa-Francorchamps: -1.462023 Zandvoort: -0.102023 Monza: -2.202023 Singapore: -0.032023 Suzuka: +0.052023 Lusail: +0.222023 Austin: +0.622023 Mexico City: +0.832023 Interlagos: 0.002023 Las Vegas: -0.052023 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.282024 Sakhir: -0.902024 Jeddah: -0.172024 Melbourne: no usable session2024 Suzuka: +0.462024 Shanghai: +0.502024 Miami: -0.342024 Imola: +0.612024 Monte Carlo: -0.242024 Montreal: -0.822024 Catalunya: +0.642024 Spielberg: +0.132024 Silverstone: -0.262024 Hungaroring: +0.652024 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.522024 Zandvoort: +0.782024 Monza: +0.942024 Baku: -0.682024 Singapore: +0.952024 Austin: -0.062024 Mexico City: +0.412024 Las Vegas: +0.242024 Lusail: +0.512024 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.212025 Melbourne: no usable session2025 Shanghai: +1.082025 Suzuka: +0.632025 Sakhir: -0.942025 Jeddah: +1.052025 Miami: +0.862025 Imola: +0.852025 Monte Carlo: +0.062025 Catalunya: +0.652025 Montreal: +0.292025 Spielberg: no usable session2025 Silverstone: -0.112025 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.282025 Hungaroring: +0.462025 Zandvoort: +0.402025 Monza: +0.802025 Baku: +0.032025 Singapore: -0.152025 Austin: -0.332025 Mexico City: +0.972025 Interlagos: -0.132025 Las Vegas: +0.292025 Lusail: -0.032025 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.20

87 SESSIONS · 188 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

STEERING SMOOTHNESS

NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO

How smoothly the driver steers through each corner.

PENDING

Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.

TEAMMATES

Same car, same sessions. Each cell is the average difference over the sessions they shared, in field-spread units: +0.30 means 0.3 of a typical field spread better on that axis. Qualifying H2H is the share of shared qualifying sessions where Verstappen's best lap was faster.

TEAMMATESHAREDQUALI H2HENTRYTYRE MGMTTHROTTLEBRAKINGCONSISTENCY
Sergio Perez120
60 Q · 60 R
90%+0.31+0.03-0.06+0.21+0.34
Yuki Tsunoda39
19 Q · 20 R
100%+0.50+0.09+0.22-0.19+0.59
Liam Lawson3
2 Q · 1 R
100%+0.29+1.62+0.26+0.28+0.56

SESSION LOG

Every weekend in this era. Values are the difference from that session's field in field-spread units, green better and red worse. A dash means the session was skipped (wet, or no data) or the driver had no usable laps.

WEEKENDCIRCUITTEAMQ LAPSBRAKINGENTRYTHROTTLERACE LAPSCONSISTENCYTYRE MGMT
2022 R01SakhirRed Bull Racing3-0.29+0.72+0.5030+0.29+0.29
2022 R02JeddahRed Bull Racing3-0.69-0.13+0.3917+0.02-1.34
2022 R03MelbourneRed Bull Racing3-0.28+0.35+0.4322-0.08-0.48
2022 R04ImolaRed Bull Racing2-0.07+0.24+0.6638-1.16-0.09
2022 R05MiamiRed Bull Racing3-0.58-0.07+0.1437+0.25+0.42
2022 R06BarcelonaRed Bull Racing2-0.12+0.92+0.4332-0.11+0.19
2022 R07MonacoRed Bull Racing3+0.22+0.17+0.556+0.67—
2022 R08BakuRed Bull Racing3-0.10+0.26+0.2629-0.08-0.85
2022 R09MontréalRed Bull Racing————55+1.01+0.43
2022 R10SilverstoneRed Bull Racing————29+0.47-1.37
2022 R11SpielbergRed Bull Racing3-0.06+0.45+0.1456+0.05-0.93
2022 R12Le CastelletRed Bull Racing3-0.13+0.52+0.5828+0.27-1.02
2022 R13BudapestRed Bull Racing2-0.06+0.53+0.1238-0.60-1.13
2022 R14Spa-FrancorchampsRed Bull Racing2-0.08+0.88+0.4625-0.29-0.73
2022 R15ZandvoortRed Bull Racing3+0.06+0.50+0.2848+0.33+0.09
2022 R16MonzaRed Bull Racing3+0.21+1.13+0.5835+0.80-0.64
2022 R17Marina BayRed Bull Racing2-0.03-0.81-0.0210+0.40-0.49
2022 R18SuzukaRed Bull Racing2-0.60+0.29+0.10———
2022 R19AustinRed Bull Racing3-0.69+0.12+0.5837-0.06+0.15
2022 R20Mexico CityRed Bull Racing2+0.01+0.22+0.3666+0.78-0.39
2022 R21São PauloRed Bull Racing2+0.41+0.12+0.7224+0.23-1.16
2022 R22Yas IslandRed Bull Racing3-0.21+0.19-0.0254+0.02+0.66
2023 R01SakhirRed Bull Racing3-0.24+0.91+0.4849+0.05+0.70
2023 R02JeddahRed Bull Racing1-0.51-0.23-0.1826-1.05-2.33
2023 R03MelbourneRed Bull Racing3-0.01+0.57+0.1539-0.04-0.54
2023 R04BakuRed Bull Racing3-0.41+0.82+0.2724+1.71+0.28
2023 R05MiamiRed Bull Racing3-0.26+0.52+0.5643+1.00+1.88
2023 R06Monte CarloRed Bull Racing3-0.30+0.34+0.2346-1.25-0.60
2023 R07CatalunyaRed Bull Racing3-0.04+0.63+0.3561+0.53+0.39
2023 R08MontrealRed Bull Racing1+0.52+0.50+0.2256+0.19-0.25
2023 R09SpielbergRed Bull Racing3-0.02+0.77+0.4354+0.77-0.09
2023 R10SilverstoneRed Bull Racing2+0.07+0.31+0.5541-0.13-0.80
2023 R11HungaroringRed Bull Racing3+0.08+0.21+0.3464+0.03+1.27
2023 R12Spa-FrancorchampsRed Bull Racing1+0.14+0.53+0.1526-1.46+0.91
2023 R13ZandvoortRed Bull Racing————39-0.10+0.48
2023 R14MonzaRed Bull Racing3+0.27+0.45+0.2328-2.20-1.53
2023 R15SingaporeRed Bull Racing3+0.36+0.13+0.2529-0.03+0.81
2023 R16SuzukaRed Bull Racing2+0.48+0.930.0041+0.05-0.06
2023 R17LusailRed Bull Racing2-0.14+0.45+0.0339+0.22+0.24
2023 R18AustinRed Bull Racing3+0.17+0.37+0.6937+0.62-0.45
2023 R19Mexico CityRed Bull Racing3-0.17+0.09+0.0653+0.83-0.29
2023 R20InterlagosRed Bull Racing3-0.04+0.44-0.08630.00+0.62
2023 R21Las VegasRed Bull Racing3+0.12+0.35+0.3122-0.05+0.54
2023 R22Yas Marina CircuitRed Bull Racing3-0.39+0.13+0.1450+0.28+0.25
2024 R01SakhirRed Bull Racing3-0.12+0.40+0.2150-0.90+0.25
2024 R02JeddahRed Bull Racing3+0.39+0.12+0.2438-0.17-0.68
2024 R03MelbourneRed Bull Racing3-0.15-0.03+0.30———
2024 R04SuzukaRed Bull Racing3-0.32+0.10+0.2143+0.46-0.65
2024 R05ShanghaiRed Bull Racing3-0.01+0.36+0.2536+0.50-0.71
2024 R06MiamiRed Bull Racing3-0.01+0.06+0.9748-0.34-0.24
2024 R07ImolaRed Bull Racing3+0.12+0.38+0.2660+0.61+0.42
2024 R08Monte CarloRed Bull Racing3-0.06+0.37+0.4449-0.24+0.67
2024 R09MontrealRed Bull Racing3+0.73+0.32+0.7013-0.82+0.11
2024 R10CatalunyaRed Bull Racing3+0.31+0.27+0.4659+0.64+0.39
2024 R11SpielbergRed Bull Racing3+0.67+0.60+0.2658+0.13-1.20
2024 R12SilverstoneRed Bull Racing3+0.41+0.24+0.3328-0.26-0.11
2024 R13HungaroringRed Bull Racing3+0.34+0.34+0.2640+0.65-0.66
2024 R14Spa-FrancorchampsRed Bull Racing————14+0.52—
2024 R15ZandvoortRed Bull Racing2+0.63+1.03+0.5366+0.78-0.44
2024 R16MonzaRed Bull Racing3+0.39+0.21+0.2740+0.94-1.04
2024 R17BakuRed Bull Racing3+0.23+0.13+0.5922-0.68-0.38
2024 R18SingaporeRed Bull Racing3+0.19+0.60+0.2457+0.95+1.48
2024 R19AustinRed Bull Racing3+0.13-0.01+0.2943-0.06-0.58
2024 R20Mexico CityRed Bull Racing3+0.38+0.27+0.1551+0.41-0.85
2024 R22Las VegasRed Bull Racing3+0.36+0.20+0.0334+0.24+0.30
2024 R23LusailRed Bull Racing3+0.56+0.85+0.4141+0.51+0.18
2024 R24Yas Marina CircuitRed Bull Racing3+0.18+0.01+0.5642-0.21+0.14
2025 R01MelbourneRed Bull Racing3+0.31+0.39+0.38———
2025 R02ShanghaiRed Bull Racing3+0.05+0.14+0.4043+1.08+0.56
2025 R03SuzukaRed Bull Racing3-0.16+0.31-0.0447+0.63+0.32
2025 R04SakhirRed Bull Racing3-0.35+0.07+0.357-0.94—
2025 R05JeddahRed Bull Racing3+0.21+0.24+0.4245+1.05+0.13
2025 R06MiamiRed Bull Racing3-0.35+0.22+0.5921+0.86-1.47
2025 R07ImolaRed Bull Racing3+0.50+0.67+0.3650+0.85-0.02
2025 R08Monte CarloRed Bull Racing3+0.35+0.26-0.0860+0.06-0.07
2025 R09CatalunyaRed Bull Racing3+0.12+0.02+0.4237+0.65-1.32
2025 R10MontrealRed Bull Racing3+0.63+0.36+0.9442+0.29-0.28
2025 R11SpielbergRed Bull Racing3-0.01+0.17+0.17———
2025 R12SilverstoneRed Bull Racing3+0.16-0.32+0.197-0.11—
2025 R13Spa-FrancorchampsRed Bull Racing3-0.09+0.46+0.0822+0.28-1.06
2025 R14HungaroringRed Bull Racing3+0.35-0.56+0.2919+0.46-0.05
2025 R15ZandvoortRed Bull Racing3+0.19+0.84+0.1348+0.40+2.00
2025 R16MonzaRed Bull Racing3-0.15+0.35+0.1346+0.80-0.97
2025 R17BakuRed Bull Racing————41+0.03-0.09
2025 R18SingaporeRed Bull Racing3+0.44+0.27+0.1557-0.15+0.31
2025 R19AustinRed Bull Racing3+0.16+0.38+0.5948-0.33-0.05
2025 R20Mexico CityRed Bull Racing3+0.41+0.20+0.0148+0.97+0.41
2025 R21InterlagosRed Bull Racing3-0.65-0.46+0.2438-0.13-1.28
2025 R22Las VegasRed Bull Racing————43+0.29+0.87
2025 R23LusailRed Bull Racing3-0.01+0.69+0.3041-0.03+0.14
2025 R24Yas Marina CircuitRed Bull Racing3+0.07-0.18+0.3554+0.20+0.19

HOW THIS IS CALCULATED

The definitions behind every number on this page. The full specification lives with the pipeline code (backend/pipeline/signature/SPEC.md).

REGULATION ERAS

An era is a period under one set of technical rules. When the rules change, every car brakes, turns and wears its tyres differently, so a driver's style relative to the field can shift too. Signatures are therefore computed separately for each era, and the driver page shows the most recent era with at least one scored axis. These eras are defined by the car rules, separate from the storytelling eras elsewhere on the site.

ERAWHAT DEFINES ITDATA IN THIS DATASET
LATE HYBRID
2018–2021
1.6-litre V6 turbo hybrid power units, used since 2014, in the wider, higher-downforce cars on wider tyres introduced in 2017.
The era starts in 2018, the first season of the official timing archive, although its car rules date from 2017.
2018–2021
30 drivers scored
GROUND EFFECT
2022–2025
THIS PAGE
Most downforce comes from two Venturi tunnels under the floor, with simplified wings and 18-inch low-profile tyres, so that cars can follow each other more closely.
2022–2025
31 drivers scored
ACTIVE AERO
2026 onwards
Front and rear wings switch between a corner mode and a low-drag straight mode, replacing DRS. Cars are shorter, narrower and lighter (768 kg), the floor tunnels are gone, and power is split roughly half and half between combustion and electric, with the MGU-H removed and fully sustainable fuel.
Energy recovery is a bigger part of each lap: drivers lift off before braking to recharge and cars harvest at full throttle at the end of straights. Throttle and braking traces reflect energy management as well as driving style.
2026
22 drivers scored

THE FIELD

Every measurement is a difference from the other cars in the same session. Comparing within a session cancels out the track, the weather, the tyre generation and the overall speed of that year's cars, which is what makes different weekends comparable. For each corner, or each race, the driver's value has the field median subtracted and is divided by the field's spread (a robust z-score, capped at ±3). A value of +1 means one typical field spread better than the median driver.

FROM LAPS TO A SCORE

  1. Pick the laps. Qualifying: up to 3 push laps per driver, within 1% of their own best and 107% of the fastest lap, on dry tyres, not deleted for track limits and not run under red or yellow flags. Race: clean laps only, meaning not lap 1, no pit laps, no safety car, virtual safety car, red or yellow flag, dry tyres, at least 1.5 s behind the car ahead, and within 107% of the driver's stint median.
  2. Measure.Corners are the slowest points of the session's fastest lap (dips of at least 25km/h). Every lap is mapped onto that lap's line, so all drivers' brake points and apexes share one distance scale. Full throttle means 98% pedal or more, and a lift is a drop of 10points. In the race, each stint's lap times are corrected for fuel (0.055 s per lap of fuel still on board) and fitted against tyre age: the slope is degradation (at least 8 clean laps), and the scatter around the line is consistency (at least 6).
  3. Compare with the field. Each corner needs at least 8 field laps; tyre degradation is compared on the same compound when at least 4 stints used it.
  4. Combine over the era. A weighted average of the session values. An axis is only scored with at least 5 qualifying sessions and 150 lap-corners, or 5 races and 8 stints; otherwise it stays empty rather than guessed.
  5. Rank.The 0–100 score is the driver-era's percentile among every driver-era in the dataset, so 50 is typical.
  6. Confidence.The driver's sessions are resampled 400 times and re-ranked. The 90% range runs from the 5th to the 95th percentile of those ranks, and confidence is 1 minus the average width of the ranges.

COMPARISON GROUPS

ERA AVG

The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

ALL-TIME

The average of every driver-era in the dataset. Scores are ranks among those same driver-eras, so it sits at 50 on every axis by construction.

CHAMPIONS

World champions in the eras they won their titles, from the final standings of completed seasons. In the dataset: Lewis Hamilton (2018, 2019, 2020), Max Verstappen (2021, 2022, 2023, 2024), Lando Norris (2025).

TEAMMATES

The driver's teammates in this era, weighted by sessions shared. Same car, so this is the fairest comparison.

AXES

AXISMEASURESHIGHER MEANSDATA
STEERING SMOOTHNESSHow smoothly the driver steers through each corner.Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO
ENTRY AGGRESSIONSpeed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
TYRE MANAGEMENTHow fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT
THROTTLE APPLICATIONDistance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
BRAKINGWhere the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
CONSISTENCYHow much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

DATA AND COVERAGE

Source: Official F1 live-timing feed, read through TracingInsights' public FastF1 extraction (2018–2022) and the OpenF1 historical API (2023–2026). The feed gives car data (speed, throttle, brake on/off, gear) about 3.7 times a second, car positions, laps, tyre stints, gaps and race-control messages. It does not carry steering angle or brake pressure. 180 qualifying sessions and 186 races are scored.

SEASONWEEKENDSQUALIFYINGRACESNOT SCORED
20182120/2120/21
Australian qualifying: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
Australian race: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
20192121/2121/21—
20201715/1717/17
Styrian qualifying: wet
Turkish qualifying: wet
20212220/2222/22
Belgian qualifying: wet
Russian qualifying: mixed conditions, 6 drivers on dry tyres
20222220/2222/22
Canadian qualifying: wet
British qualifying: wet
20232221/2222/22
Dutch qualifying: mixed conditions, 9 drivers on dry tyres
20242422/2424/24
Belgian qualifying: wet
São Paulo qualifying: wet
20252422/2424/24
Azerbaijan qualifying: no lap data in the public feed
Las Vegas qualifying: wet
202619 (+4 still to run)19/1919/19—

KNOWN LIMITATIONS

  • The field includes faster and slower cars, so a driver in a quick car scores higher on car-sensitive measures such as minimum corner speed. The teammate comparison is where the car is held constant.
  • The braking point is not adjusted for approach speed: a driver who exits the previous corner faster arrives quicker and has to brake earlier. Braking describes style more than pace.
  • Tyre management cannot tell tyre wear apart from a driver deliberately controlling pace, so its ranges are wide.
  • From 2026, throttle and braking traces also reflect energy recovery (lifting before braking, harvesting at full throttle), not only driving style.
  • Steering smoothness needs steering angle, which no public feed carries. It is never estimated and will come from onboard video, along with seasons before 2018.

PIPELINE TIMING-0.1.0 · GENERATED 2026-11-02 · OFFICIAL F1 LIVE-TIMING FEED, READ THROUGH TRACINGINSIGHTS' PUBLIC FASTF1 EXTRACTION (2018–2022) AND THE OPENF1 HISTORICAL API (2023–2026)