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DRIVING SIGNATURE · FULL METRICS

Sergio Perez

Ground effect era (2022–2025) · data from 2022–2024 · Red Bull Racing

LATE HYBRID · 2018–2021GROUND EFFECT · 2022–2024ACTIVE AERO · 2026

LAPS USED

2,079

QUALIFYING

60

RACES

61

AXES SCORED

5/6

CONFIDENCE

0.80

How this is calculated — the era, the field, the comparison groups and every threshold.

OVERVIEW

Each axis is a 0–100 rank among every driver-era in the dataset, built from differences to the same-session field. The 90% range is where nine in ten resampled scores land. Rank is within the ground effect field.

STEERINGSMOOTHNESSPENDINGENTRY AGGRESSIONTYRE MANAGEMENTTHROTTLE APPLICATIONBRAKINGCONSISTENCY

DASHED: ERA AVG — The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

AXISSCORE90% RANGERANKERA AVGALL-TIMECHAMPIONSTEAMMATES
STEERINGPENDING——————
ENTRY7058–759/2951509280
TYRE MGMT137–2626/3047505148
THROTTLE9999–1001/2949507698
BRAKING4536–5118/2951507856
CONSISTENCY5230–7615/3149508197

AXIS BY AXIS

What each axis measures, where the driver sits among this era's drivers, the raw differences behind the score, and how it moved from weekend to weekend.

ENTRY AGGRESSION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Speed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.

70/ 100
RANK 9 OF 29 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 58–75

Higher means: Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 29Fernando Alonso (Aston Martin): 41Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 78Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 51Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 12Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 31Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 38Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 82Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 71Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 55Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 35Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 3Liam Lawson (Racing Bulls): 50Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 83Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 28Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 64Lando Norris (McLaren): 97Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 34Oscar Piastri (McLaren): 96Daniel Ricciardo (McLaren): 69George Russell (Mercedes): 76Carlos Sainz (Ferrari): 54Logan Sargeant (Williams): 20Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 19Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 48Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 80Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 43Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 23Sergio Perez: 70

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

1.3 km/h more speed as the brake comes off.

0.0 km/h lower minimum corner speed.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

202220232024
2022 Sakhir: +0.642022 Jeddah: +0.512022 Melbourne: +0.232022 Imola: +0.372022 Miami: +0.492022 Barcelona: +0.612022 Monaco: +0.202022 Baku: +0.102022 Silverstone: no usable session2022 Spielberg: +0.132022 Le Castellet: -0.042022 Budapest: -0.102022 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.352022 Zandvoort: +0.172022 Monza: +0.782022 Marina Bay: +0.532022 Suzuka: +0.422022 Austin: +0.182022 Mexico City: no usable session2022 São Paulo: +0.252022 Yas Island: +0.422023 Sakhir: +0.702023 Jeddah: +0.162023 Melbourne: no usable session2023 Baku: +0.762023 Miami: +0.032023 Monte Carlo: -1.152023 Catalunya: -0.472023 Montreal: -1.202023 Spielberg: +0.582023 Silverstone: -0.822023 Hungaroring: +0.292023 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.372023 Zandvoort: no usable session2023 Monza: +0.302023 Singapore: -0.112023 Suzuka: +0.072023 Lusail: -0.822023 Austin: -0.242023 Mexico City: -0.012023 Interlagos: -0.182023 Las Vegas: +0.032023 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.522024 Sakhir: +0.182024 Jeddah: +0.242024 Melbourne: -0.082024 Suzuka: +0.082024 Shanghai: +0.442024 Miami: +0.262024 Imola: -0.422024 Monte Carlo: -0.502024 Montreal: -0.462024 Catalunya: +0.232024 Spielberg: +0.382024 Silverstone: no usable session2024 Hungaroring: -0.662024 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2024 Zandvoort: +0.152024 Monza: -0.112024 Baku: +0.232024 Singapore: -0.202024 Austin: -0.122024 Mexico City: -0.192024 Las Vegas: -0.632024 Lusail: -0.522024 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.39

60 SESSIONS · 1143 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

TYRE MANAGEMENT

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.

13/ 100
RANK 26 OF 30 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 7–26

Higher means: Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 65Fernando Alonso (Aston Martin): 96Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 85Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 90Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 5Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 14Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 21Nyck De Vries (AlphaTauri): 12Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 27Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 51Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 55Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 23Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 7Liam Lawson (Racing Bulls): 76Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 41Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 19Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 32Lando Norris (McLaren): 57Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 66Oscar Piastri (McLaren): 77Daniel Ricciardo (McLaren): 73George Russell (Mercedes): 71Carlos Sainz (Ferrari): 68Logan Sargeant (Williams): 1Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 30Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 45Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 48Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 97Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 31Sergio Perez: 13

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Loses 0.062 s per lap of tyre age after fuel correction, 0.009 s/lap more than the race median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

202220232024
2022 Sakhir: -1.572022 Jeddah: -0.202022 Melbourne: -0.162022 Imola: -0.212022 Miami: -1.152022 Barcelona: -0.012022 Monaco: -0.732022 Baku: -1.032022 Silverstone: 0.002022 Spielberg: -0.762022 Le Castellet: -0.602022 Budapest: +0.312022 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.492022 Zandvoort: -1.532022 Monza: +1.322022 Marina Bay: -0.042022 Suzuka: no usable session2022 Austin: -0.382022 Mexico City: -0.392022 São Paulo: +0.012022 Yas Island: -0.082023 Sakhir: +0.742023 Jeddah: -0.762023 Melbourne: 0.002023 Baku: -1.162023 Miami: -0.162023 Monte Carlo: -2.772023 Catalunya: -0.422023 Montreal: -0.452023 Spielberg: +0.322023 Silverstone: +0.082023 Hungaroring: +0.272023 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.422023 Zandvoort: +0.302023 Monza: +0.182023 Singapore: +1.312023 Suzuka: no usable session2023 Lusail: -0.292023 Austin: +0.312023 Mexico City: no usable session2023 Interlagos: -0.012023 Las Vegas: +0.552023 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.092024 Sakhir: +0.292024 Jeddah: -0.692024 Melbourne: -0.972024 Suzuka: -0.162024 Shanghai: -0.292024 Miami: -0.502024 Imola: +0.552024 Monte Carlo: no usable session2024 Montreal: no usable session2024 Catalunya: -0.672024 Spielberg: +0.042024 Silverstone: +3.002024 Hungaroring: -1.772024 Spa-Francorchamps: -1.632024 Zandvoort: +0.102024 Monza: -1.132024 Baku: -1.382024 Singapore: -0.432024 Austin: -0.372024 Mexico City: -1.582024 Las Vegas: +0.882024 Lusail: -0.932024 Yas Marina Circuit: no usable session

60 SESSIONS · 114 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

THROTTLE APPLICATION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Distance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.

99/ 100
RANK 1 OF 29 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 99–100

Higher means: Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 3Fernando Alonso (Aston Martin): 72Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 65Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 28Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 55Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 41Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 8Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 80Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 82Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 38Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 48Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 6Liam Lawson (Racing Bulls): 77Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 40Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 44Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 23Lando Norris (McLaren): 52Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 15Oscar Piastri (McLaren): 31Daniel Ricciardo (McLaren): 59George Russell (Mercedes): 81Carlos Sainz (Ferrari): 50Logan Sargeant (Williams): 10Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 86Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 71Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 98Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 51Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 14Sergio Perez: 99

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Reaches full throttle 9.8 m closer to the apex than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

202220232024
2022 Sakhir: +0.572022 Jeddah: +0.262022 Melbourne: +0.592022 Imola: +0.022022 Miami: +0.632022 Barcelona: +0.192022 Monaco: +0.872022 Baku: +0.342022 Silverstone: no usable session2022 Spielberg: +0.302022 Le Castellet: +0.582022 Budapest: +0.192022 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.582022 Zandvoort: -0.032022 Monza: +0.492022 Marina Bay: +0.432022 Suzuka: +0.532022 Austin: +0.392022 Mexico City: no usable session2022 São Paulo: +0.182022 Yas Island: +0.852023 Sakhir: +0.662023 Jeddah: +0.402023 Melbourne: no usable session2023 Baku: +0.352023 Miami: +0.182023 Monte Carlo: +0.162023 Catalunya: +0.292023 Montreal: -0.342023 Spielberg: +0.152023 Silverstone: +0.342023 Hungaroring: +0.192023 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.192023 Zandvoort: no usable session2023 Monza: +0.692023 Singapore: +0.342023 Suzuka: +0.512023 Lusail: +0.462023 Austin: +0.552023 Mexico City: +0.372023 Interlagos: +0.752023 Las Vegas: -0.072023 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.592024 Sakhir: +0.322024 Jeddah: +0.412024 Melbourne: +0.492024 Suzuka: +0.652024 Shanghai: +0.672024 Miami: +0.342024 Imola: +0.062024 Monte Carlo: +0.312024 Montreal: +0.432024 Catalunya: +0.372024 Spielberg: +0.452024 Silverstone: no usable session2024 Hungaroring: +0.302024 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2024 Zandvoort: +0.282024 Monza: +0.312024 Baku: +0.492024 Singapore: +0.612024 Austin: +0.272024 Mexico City: +0.062024 Las Vegas: +0.082024 Lusail: +0.432024 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.79

60 SESSIONS · 1099 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

BRAKING

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Where the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.

45/ 100
RANK 18 OF 29 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 36–51

Higher means: Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 22Fernando Alonso (Aston Martin): 76Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 62Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 41Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 23Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 36Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 18Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 64Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 82Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 77Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 48Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 3Liam Lawson (Racing Bulls): 51Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 67Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 34Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 19Lando Norris (McLaren): 80Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 20Oscar Piastri (McLaren): 83Daniel Ricciardo (McLaren): 71George Russell (Mercedes): 72Carlos Sainz (Ferrari): 35Logan Sargeant (Williams): 28Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 65Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 87Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 56Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 50Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 54Sergio Perez: 45

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Starts braking 2.1 m earlier than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

202220232024
2022 Sakhir: -0.652022 Jeddah: -0.402022 Melbourne: +0.042022 Imola: -0.112022 Miami: -0.582022 Barcelona: -0.342022 Monaco: +0.062022 Baku: +0.172022 Silverstone: no usable session2022 Spielberg: +0.082022 Le Castellet: -0.352022 Budapest: +0.252022 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.042022 Zandvoort: -0.562022 Monza: +0.162022 Marina Bay: +0.192022 Suzuka: -0.102022 Austin: -0.242022 Mexico City: no usable session2022 São Paulo: -0.162022 Yas Island: +0.112023 Sakhir: +0.132023 Jeddah: -0.852023 Melbourne: no usable session2023 Baku: -0.082023 Miami: -0.472023 Monte Carlo: -0.992023 Catalunya: +0.152023 Montreal: -0.852023 Spielberg: -0.562023 Silverstone: -0.352023 Hungaroring: +0.202023 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.372023 Zandvoort: no usable session2023 Monza: +0.172023 Singapore: +0.322023 Suzuka: -0.172023 Lusail: +0.332023 Austin: +0.062023 Mexico City: -0.272023 Interlagos: -0.532023 Las Vegas: -0.092023 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.322024 Sakhir: +0.022024 Jeddah: +0.142024 Melbourne: -0.252024 Suzuka: -0.462024 Shanghai: -0.172024 Miami: -0.472024 Imola: -0.362024 Monte Carlo: -0.292024 Montreal: -1.072024 Catalunya: +0.032024 Spielberg: -0.462024 Silverstone: no usable session2024 Hungaroring: -0.672024 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2024 Zandvoort: -0.022024 Monza: +0.102024 Baku: +0.302024 Singapore: -0.072024 Austin: +0.052024 Mexico City: -0.262024 Las Vegas: -0.492024 Lusail: +0.112024 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.60

60 SESSIONS · 1045 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

CONSISTENCY

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.

52/ 100
RANK 15 OF 31 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 30–76

Higher means: Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 62Fernando Alonso (Aston Martin): 38Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 81Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 36Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 25Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 21Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 39Nyck De Vries (AlphaTauri): 33Jack Doohan (Alpine): 9Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 79Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 55Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 46Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 19Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 5Liam Lawson (Racing Bulls): 70Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 72Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 11Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 13Lando Norris (McLaren): 75Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 83Oscar Piastri (McLaren): 56Daniel Ricciardo (McLaren): 31George Russell (Mercedes): 93Carlos Sainz (Ferrari): 89Logan Sargeant (Williams): 16Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 68Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 42Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 97Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 78Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 20Sergio Perez: 52

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Lap times scatter 0.308 s around the stint trend, 0.029 s looser than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

202220232024
2022 Sakhir: +0.452022 Jeddah: +0.722022 Melbourne: +0.372022 Imola: -0.452022 Miami: -1.462022 Barcelona: +0.462022 Monaco: -2.632022 Baku: -0.302022 Silverstone: -0.522022 Spielberg: -3.002022 Le Castellet: -0.752022 Budapest: 0.002022 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.092022 Zandvoort: -1.552022 Monza: -1.042022 Marina Bay: +0.892022 Suzuka: no usable session2022 Austin: -1.192022 Mexico City: +0.182022 São Paulo: -0.272022 Yas Island: -0.212023 Sakhir: -1.422023 Jeddah: -0.972023 Melbourne: -0.152023 Baku: +0.582023 Miami: -0.932023 Monte Carlo: -0.312023 Catalunya: -0.522023 Montreal: -0.642023 Spielberg: +0.242023 Silverstone: +0.482023 Hungaroring: -1.202023 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.562023 Zandvoort: +0.142023 Monza: -0.372023 Singapore: +0.012023 Suzuka: no usable session2023 Lusail: -1.102023 Austin: -0.022023 Mexico City: no usable session2023 Interlagos: +0.092023 Las Vegas: +0.832023 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.182024 Sakhir: +0.412024 Jeddah: +0.082024 Melbourne: -1.082024 Suzuka: -0.152024 Shanghai: +0.902024 Miami: -0.742024 Imola: -1.002024 Monte Carlo: no usable session2024 Montreal: no usable session2024 Catalunya: -0.082024 Spielberg: +0.952024 Silverstone: -0.602024 Hungaroring: +0.652024 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.482024 Zandvoort: +0.562024 Monza: -0.162024 Baku: +1.362024 Singapore: +0.612024 Austin: -0.162024 Mexico City: +0.072024 Las Vegas: +0.072024 Lusail: 0.002024 Yas Marina Circuit: no usable session

60 SESSIONS · 126 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

STEERING SMOOTHNESS

NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO

How smoothly the driver steers through each corner.

PENDING

Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.

TEAMMATES

Same car, same sessions. Each cell is the average difference over the sessions they shared, in field-spread units: +0.30 means 0.3 of a typical field spread better on that axis. Qualifying H2H is the share of shared qualifying sessions where Perez's best lap was faster.

TEAMMATESHAREDQUALI H2HENTRYTYRE MGMTTHROTTLEBRAKINGCONSISTENCY
Max Verstappen120
60 Q · 60 R
10%-0.31-0.03+0.06-0.21-0.34

SESSION LOG

Every weekend in this era. Values are the difference from that session's field in field-spread units, green better and red worse. A dash means the session was skipped (wet, or no data) or the driver had no usable laps.

WEEKENDCIRCUITTEAMQ LAPSBRAKINGENTRYTHROTTLERACE LAPSCONSISTENCYTYRE MGMT
2022 R01SakhirRed Bull Racing3-0.65+0.64+0.5731+0.45-1.57
2022 R02JeddahRed Bull Racing3-0.40+0.51+0.2627+0.72-0.20
2022 R03MelbourneRed Bull Racing3+0.04+0.23+0.5932+0.37-0.16
2022 R04ImolaRed Bull Racing2-0.11+0.37+0.0239-0.45-0.21
2022 R05MiamiRed Bull Racing3-0.58+0.49+0.6322-1.46-1.15
2022 R06BarcelonaRed Bull Racing3-0.34+0.61+0.1939+0.46-0.01
2022 R07MonacoRed Bull Racing3+0.06+0.20+0.8729-2.63-0.73
2022 R08BakuRed Bull Racing3+0.17+0.10+0.3442-0.30-1.03
2022 R10SilverstoneRed Bull Racing————30-0.520.00
2022 R11SpielbergRed Bull Racing3+0.08+0.13+0.3021-3.00-0.76
2022 R12Le CastelletRed Bull Racing3-0.35-0.04+0.5827-0.75-0.60
2022 R13BudapestRed Bull Racing3+0.25-0.10+0.19480.00+0.31
2022 R14Spa-FrancorchampsRed Bull Racing3+0.04+0.35+0.5831+0.09-0.49
2022 R15ZandvoortRed Bull Racing3-0.56+0.17-0.0338-1.55-1.53
2022 R16MonzaRed Bull Racing3+0.16+0.78+0.4925-1.04+1.32
2022 R17Marina BayRed Bull Racing1+0.19+0.53+0.4320+0.89-0.04
2022 R18SuzukaRed Bull Racing3-0.10+0.42+0.53———
2022 R19AustinRed Bull Racing2-0.24+0.18+0.3915-1.19-0.38
2022 R20Mexico CityRed Bull Racing————53+0.18-0.39
2022 R21São PauloRed Bull Racing2-0.16+0.25+0.1846-0.27+0.01
2022 R22Yas IslandRed Bull Racing3+0.11+0.42+0.8544-0.21-0.08
2023 R01SakhirRed Bull Racing2+0.13+0.70+0.6640-1.42+0.74
2023 R02JeddahRed Bull Racing3-0.85+0.16+0.4043-0.97-0.76
2023 R03MelbourneRed Bull Racing————23-0.150.00
2023 R04BakuRed Bull Racing3-0.08+0.76+0.3535+0.58-1.16
2023 R05MiamiRed Bull Racing3-0.47+0.03+0.1854-0.93-0.16
2023 R06Monte CarloRed Bull Racing1-0.99-1.15+0.1620-0.31-2.77
2023 R07CatalunyaRed Bull Racing2+0.15-0.47+0.2943-0.52-0.42
2023 R08MontrealRed Bull Racing1-0.85-1.20-0.3444-0.64-0.45
2023 R09SpielbergRed Bull Racing3-0.56+0.58+0.1536+0.24+0.32
2023 R10SilverstoneRed Bull Racing1-0.35-0.82+0.3420+0.48+0.08
2023 R11HungaroringRed Bull Racing3+0.20+0.29+0.1943-1.20+0.27
2023 R12Spa-FrancorchampsRed Bull Racing1-0.37+0.37+0.1936-0.56+0.42
2023 R13ZandvoortRed Bull Racing————37+0.14+0.30
2023 R14MonzaRed Bull Racing3+0.17+0.30+0.6910-0.37+0.18
2023 R15SingaporeRed Bull Racing3+0.32-0.11+0.3417+0.01+1.31
2023 R16SuzukaRed Bull Racing3-0.17+0.07+0.51———
2023 R17LusailRed Bull Racing3+0.33-0.82+0.4626-1.10-0.29
2023 R18AustinRed Bull Racing3+0.06-0.24+0.5538-0.02+0.31
2023 R19Mexico CityRed Bull Racing3-0.27-0.01+0.37———
2023 R20InterlagosRed Bull Racing3-0.53-0.18+0.7525+0.09-0.01
2023 R21Las VegasRed Bull Racing3-0.09+0.03-0.0718+0.83+0.55
2023 R22Yas Marina CircuitRed Bull Racing3+0.32+0.52+0.5923-0.18+0.09
2024 R01SakhirRed Bull Racing3+0.02+0.18+0.3242+0.41+0.29
2024 R02JeddahRed Bull Racing3+0.14+0.24+0.4133+0.08-0.69
2024 R03MelbourneRed Bull Racing3-0.25-0.08+0.4939-1.08-0.97
2024 R04SuzukaRed Bull Racing3-0.46+0.08+0.6538-0.15-0.16
2024 R05ShanghaiRed Bull Racing3-0.17+0.44+0.6726+0.90-0.29
2024 R06MiamiRed Bull Racing3-0.47+0.26+0.3437-0.74-0.50
2024 R07ImolaRed Bull Racing3-0.36-0.42+0.0649-1.00+0.55
2024 R08Monte CarloRed Bull Racing2-0.29-0.50+0.31———
2024 R09MontrealRed Bull Racing1-1.07-0.46+0.430——
2024 R10CatalunyaRed Bull Racing3+0.03+0.23+0.3736-0.08-0.67
2024 R11SpielbergRed Bull Racing3-0.46+0.38+0.4537+0.95+0.04
2024 R12SilverstoneRed Bull Racing————8-0.60+3.00
2024 R13HungaroringRed Bull Racing1-0.67-0.66+0.3032+0.65-1.77
2024 R14Spa-FrancorchampsRed Bull Racing————17-0.48-1.63
2024 R15ZandvoortRed Bull Racing3-0.02+0.15+0.2855+0.56+0.10
2024 R16MonzaRed Bull Racing3+0.10-0.11+0.3133-0.16-1.13
2024 R17BakuRed Bull Racing3+0.30+0.23+0.4912+1.36-1.38
2024 R18SingaporeRed Bull Racing3-0.07-0.20+0.6125+0.61-0.43
2024 R19AustinRed Bull Racing3+0.05-0.12+0.2730-0.16-0.37
2024 R20Mexico CityRed Bull Racing1-0.26-0.19+0.0640+0.07-1.58
2024 R22Las VegasRed Bull Racing3-0.49-0.63+0.0819+0.07+0.88
2024 R23LusailRed Bull Racing3+0.11-0.52+0.43230.00-0.93
2024 R24Yas Marina CircuitRed Bull Racing3-0.60-0.39+0.79———

HOW THIS IS CALCULATED

The definitions behind every number on this page. The full specification lives with the pipeline code (backend/pipeline/signature/SPEC.md).

REGULATION ERAS

An era is a period under one set of technical rules. When the rules change, every car brakes, turns and wears its tyres differently, so a driver's style relative to the field can shift too. Signatures are therefore computed separately for each era, and the driver page shows the most recent era with at least one scored axis. These eras are defined by the car rules, separate from the storytelling eras elsewhere on the site.

ERAWHAT DEFINES ITDATA IN THIS DATASET
LATE HYBRID
2018–2021
1.6-litre V6 turbo hybrid power units, used since 2014, in the wider, higher-downforce cars on wider tyres introduced in 2017.
The era starts in 2018, the first season of the official timing archive, although its car rules date from 2017.
2018–2021
30 drivers scored
GROUND EFFECT
2022–2025
THIS PAGE
Most downforce comes from two Venturi tunnels under the floor, with simplified wings and 18-inch low-profile tyres, so that cars can follow each other more closely.
2022–2025
31 drivers scored
ACTIVE AERO
2026 onwards
Front and rear wings switch between a corner mode and a low-drag straight mode, replacing DRS. Cars are shorter, narrower and lighter (768 kg), the floor tunnels are gone, and power is split roughly half and half between combustion and electric, with the MGU-H removed and fully sustainable fuel.
Energy recovery is a bigger part of each lap: drivers lift off before braking to recharge and cars harvest at full throttle at the end of straights. Throttle and braking traces reflect energy management as well as driving style.
2026
22 drivers scored

THE FIELD

Every measurement is a difference from the other cars in the same session. Comparing within a session cancels out the track, the weather, the tyre generation and the overall speed of that year's cars, which is what makes different weekends comparable. For each corner, or each race, the driver's value has the field median subtracted and is divided by the field's spread (a robust z-score, capped at ±3). A value of +1 means one typical field spread better than the median driver.

FROM LAPS TO A SCORE

  1. Pick the laps. Qualifying: up to 3 push laps per driver, within 1% of their own best and 107% of the fastest lap, on dry tyres, not deleted for track limits and not run under red or yellow flags. Race: clean laps only, meaning not lap 1, no pit laps, no safety car, virtual safety car, red or yellow flag, dry tyres, at least 1.5 s behind the car ahead, and within 107% of the driver's stint median.
  2. Measure.Corners are the slowest points of the session's fastest lap (dips of at least 25km/h). Every lap is mapped onto that lap's line, so all drivers' brake points and apexes share one distance scale. Full throttle means 98% pedal or more, and a lift is a drop of 10points. In the race, each stint's lap times are corrected for fuel (0.055 s per lap of fuel still on board) and fitted against tyre age: the slope is degradation (at least 8 clean laps), and the scatter around the line is consistency (at least 6).
  3. Compare with the field. Each corner needs at least 8 field laps; tyre degradation is compared on the same compound when at least 4 stints used it.
  4. Combine over the era. A weighted average of the session values. An axis is only scored with at least 5 qualifying sessions and 150 lap-corners, or 5 races and 8 stints; otherwise it stays empty rather than guessed.
  5. Rank.The 0–100 score is the driver-era's percentile among every driver-era in the dataset, so 50 is typical.
  6. Confidence.The driver's sessions are resampled 400 times and re-ranked. The 90% range runs from the 5th to the 95th percentile of those ranks, and confidence is 1 minus the average width of the ranges.

COMPARISON GROUPS

ERA AVG

The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

ALL-TIME

The average of every driver-era in the dataset. Scores are ranks among those same driver-eras, so it sits at 50 on every axis by construction.

CHAMPIONS

World champions in the eras they won their titles, from the final standings of completed seasons. In the dataset: Lewis Hamilton (2018, 2019, 2020), Max Verstappen (2021, 2022, 2023, 2024), Lando Norris (2025).

TEAMMATES

The driver's teammates in this era, weighted by sessions shared. Same car, so this is the fairest comparison.

AXES

AXISMEASURESHIGHER MEANSDATA
STEERING SMOOTHNESSHow smoothly the driver steers through each corner.Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO
ENTRY AGGRESSIONSpeed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
TYRE MANAGEMENTHow fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT
THROTTLE APPLICATIONDistance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
BRAKINGWhere the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
CONSISTENCYHow much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

DATA AND COVERAGE

Source: Official F1 live-timing feed, read through TracingInsights' public FastF1 extraction (2018–2022) and the OpenF1 historical API (2023–2026). The feed gives car data (speed, throttle, brake on/off, gear) about 3.7 times a second, car positions, laps, tyre stints, gaps and race-control messages. It does not carry steering angle or brake pressure. 180 qualifying sessions and 186 races are scored.

SEASONWEEKENDSQUALIFYINGRACESNOT SCORED
20182120/2120/21
Australian qualifying: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
Australian race: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
20192121/2121/21—
20201715/1717/17
Styrian qualifying: wet
Turkish qualifying: wet
20212220/2222/22
Belgian qualifying: wet
Russian qualifying: mixed conditions, 6 drivers on dry tyres
20222220/2222/22
Canadian qualifying: wet
British qualifying: wet
20232221/2222/22
Dutch qualifying: mixed conditions, 9 drivers on dry tyres
20242422/2424/24
Belgian qualifying: wet
São Paulo qualifying: wet
20252422/2424/24
Azerbaijan qualifying: no lap data in the public feed
Las Vegas qualifying: wet
202619 (+4 still to run)19/1919/19—

KNOWN LIMITATIONS

  • The field includes faster and slower cars, so a driver in a quick car scores higher on car-sensitive measures such as minimum corner speed. The teammate comparison is where the car is held constant.
  • The braking point is not adjusted for approach speed: a driver who exits the previous corner faster arrives quicker and has to brake earlier. Braking describes style more than pace.
  • Tyre management cannot tell tyre wear apart from a driver deliberately controlling pace, so its ranges are wide.
  • From 2026, throttle and braking traces also reflect energy recovery (lifting before braking, harvesting at full throttle), not only driving style.
  • Steering smoothness needs steering angle, which no public feed carries. It is never estimated and will come from onboard video, along with seasons before 2018.

PIPELINE TIMING-0.1.0 · GENERATED 2026-11-02 · OFFICIAL F1 LIVE-TIMING FEED, READ THROUGH TRACINGINSIGHTS' PUBLIC FASTF1 EXTRACTION (2018–2022) AND THE OPENF1 HISTORICAL API (2023–2026)