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DRIVING SIGNATURE · FULL METRICS

Liam Lawson

Ground effect era (2022–2025) · data from 2023–2025 · Racing Bulls, RB, AlphaTauri, Red Bull Racing

GROUND EFFECT · 2023–2025ACTIVE AERO · 2026

LAPS USED

958

QUALIFYING

31

RACES

31

AXES SCORED

5/6

CONFIDENCE

0.63

How this is calculated — the era, the field, the comparison groups and every threshold.

OVERVIEW

Each axis is a 0–100 rank among every driver-era in the dataset, built from differences to the same-session field. The 90% range is where nine in ten resampled scores land. Rank is within the ground effect field.

STEERINGSMOOTHNESSPENDINGENTRY AGGRESSIONTYRE MANAGEMENTTHROTTLE APPLICATIONBRAKINGCONSISTENCY

DASHED: ERA AVG — The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

AXISSCORE90% RANGERANKERA AVGALL-TIMECHAMPIONSTEAMMATES
STEERINGPENDING——————
ENTRY5046–6815/2951509265
TYRE MGMT7626–946/3047505149
THROTTLE7763–867/2949507680
BRAKING5146–5715/2951507882
CONSISTENCY7030–8910/3149508154

AXIS BY AXIS

What each axis measures, where the driver sits among this era's drivers, the raw differences behind the score, and how it moved from weekend to weekend.

ENTRY AGGRESSION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Speed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.

50/ 100
RANK 15 OF 29 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 46–68

Higher means: Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 29Fernando Alonso (Aston Martin): 41Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 78Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 51Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 12Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 31Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 38Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 82Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 71Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 55Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 35Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 3Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 83Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 28Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 64Lando Norris (McLaren): 97Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 34Sergio Perez (Red Bull Racing): 70Oscar Piastri (McLaren): 96Daniel Ricciardo (McLaren): 69George Russell (Mercedes): 76Carlos Sainz (Ferrari): 54Logan Sargeant (Williams): 20Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 19Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 48Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 80Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 43Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 23Liam Lawson: 50

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

1.0 km/h less speed as the brake comes off.

1.1 km/h lower minimum corner speed.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

202320242025
2023 Zandvoort: no usable session2023 Monza: -0.762023 Singapore: -0.092023 Suzuka: +0.052023 Lusail: -1.202024 Austin: +0.042024 Mexico City: -0.052024 Las Vegas: -0.482024 Lusail: -0.432024 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.262025 Melbourne: -0.702025 Shanghai: +0.652025 Suzuka: +0.132025 Sakhir: -0.232025 Jeddah: -0.452025 Miami: +0.222025 Imola: -0.792025 Monte Carlo: +0.252025 Catalunya: -0.272025 Montreal: -0.402025 Spielberg: +0.262025 Silverstone: -0.182025 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.482025 Hungaroring: -0.032025 Zandvoort: +0.122025 Monza: -1.202025 Baku: no usable session2025 Singapore: +0.022025 Austin: +0.312025 Mexico City: +0.122025 Interlagos: +0.632025 Las Vegas: no usable session2025 Lusail: +0.172025 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.18

31 SESSIONS · 559 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

TYRE MANAGEMENT

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.

76/ 100
RANK 6 OF 30 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 26–94

Higher means: Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 65Fernando Alonso (Aston Martin): 96Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 85Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 90Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 5Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 14Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 21Nyck De Vries (AlphaTauri): 12Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 27Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 51Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 55Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 23Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 7Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 41Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 19Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 32Lando Norris (McLaren): 57Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 66Sergio Perez (Red Bull Racing): 13Oscar Piastri (McLaren): 77Daniel Ricciardo (McLaren): 73George Russell (Mercedes): 71Carlos Sainz (Ferrari): 68Logan Sargeant (Williams): 1Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 30Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 45Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 48Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 97Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 31Liam Lawson: 76

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Loses 0.042 s per lap of tyre age after fuel correction, 0.006 s/lap less than the race median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

202320242025
2023 Zandvoort: -1.682023 Monza: +0.192023 Singapore: -0.892023 Suzuka: +1.212023 Lusail: +0.602024 Austin: +0.612024 Mexico City: -3.002024 Las Vegas: +0.092024 Lusail: +0.622024 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.012025 Melbourne: no usable session2025 Shanghai: -1.062025 Suzuka: +0.182025 Sakhir: +1.662025 Jeddah: +2.012025 Miami: no usable session2025 Imola: -0.112025 Monte Carlo: +0.172025 Catalunya: +0.462025 Montreal: -0.202025 Spielberg: +1.622025 Silverstone: no usable session2025 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.342025 Hungaroring: +0.342025 Zandvoort: -1.152025 Monza: -1.312025 Baku: +0.072025 Singapore: -0.672025 Austin: +1.032025 Mexico City: no usable session2025 Interlagos: -0.202025 Las Vegas: +0.372025 Lusail: +0.692025 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.06

30 SESSIONS · 47 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

THROTTLE APPLICATION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Distance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.

77/ 100
RANK 7 OF 29 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 63–86

Higher means: Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 3Fernando Alonso (Aston Martin): 72Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 65Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 28Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 55Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 41Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 8Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 80Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 82Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 38Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 48Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 6Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 40Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 44Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 23Lando Norris (McLaren): 52Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 15Sergio Perez (Red Bull Racing): 99Oscar Piastri (McLaren): 31Daniel Ricciardo (McLaren): 59George Russell (Mercedes): 81Carlos Sainz (Ferrari): 50Logan Sargeant (Williams): 10Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 86Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 71Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 98Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 51Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 14Liam Lawson: 77

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Reaches full throttle 0.4 m closer to the apex than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

202320242025
2023 Zandvoort: no usable session2023 Monza: +0.222023 Singapore: +0.322023 Suzuka: -0.222023 Lusail: -0.122024 Austin: +0.292024 Mexico City: +0.202024 Las Vegas: -0.342024 Lusail: -0.082024 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.052025 Melbourne: +0.072025 Shanghai: +0.202025 Suzuka: -0.182025 Sakhir: +0.012025 Jeddah: +0.202025 Miami: +0.052025 Imola: -0.152025 Monte Carlo: +0.242025 Catalunya: -0.022025 Montreal: +0.212025 Spielberg: +0.072025 Silverstone: +0.112025 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.132025 Hungaroring: +0.462025 Zandvoort: +0.032025 Monza: +0.492025 Baku: no usable session2025 Singapore: +0.382025 Austin: -0.162025 Mexico City: +0.042025 Interlagos: +0.372025 Las Vegas: no usable session2025 Lusail: +0.092025 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.07

31 SESSIONS · 531 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

BRAKING

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Where the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.

51/ 100
RANK 15 OF 29 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 46–57

Higher means: Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 22Fernando Alonso (Aston Martin): 76Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 62Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 41Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 23Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 36Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 18Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 64Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 82Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 77Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 48Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 3Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 67Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 34Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 19Lando Norris (McLaren): 80Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 20Sergio Perez (Red Bull Racing): 45Oscar Piastri (McLaren): 83Daniel Ricciardo (McLaren): 71George Russell (Mercedes): 72Carlos Sainz (Ferrari): 35Logan Sargeant (Williams): 28Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 65Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 87Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 56Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 50Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 54Liam Lawson: 51

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Starts braking 0.5 m earlier than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

202320242025
2023 Zandvoort: no usable session2023 Monza: -0.822023 Singapore: -0.282023 Suzuka: -0.232023 Lusail: -0.162024 Austin: 0.002024 Mexico City: +0.412024 Las Vegas: -0.712024 Lusail: -0.152024 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.032025 Melbourne: -0.142025 Shanghai: -0.052025 Suzuka: -0.182025 Sakhir: -0.352025 Jeddah: +0.022025 Miami: +0.302025 Imola: -0.502025 Monte Carlo: +0.162025 Catalunya: +0.302025 Montreal: -0.342025 Spielberg: +0.092025 Silverstone: +0.222025 Spa-Francorchamps: 0.002025 Hungaroring: +0.402025 Zandvoort: +0.442025 Monza: +0.692025 Baku: no usable session2025 Singapore: -0.052025 Austin: -0.042025 Mexico City: +0.172025 Interlagos: +0.082025 Las Vegas: no usable session2025 Lusail: +0.062025 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.03

31 SESSIONS · 504 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

CONSISTENCY

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.

70/ 100
RANK 10 OF 31 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 30–89

Higher means: Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 62Fernando Alonso (Aston Martin): 38Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 81Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 36Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 25Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 21Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 39Nyck De Vries (AlphaTauri): 33Jack Doohan (Alpine): 9Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 79Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 55Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 46Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 19Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 5Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 72Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 11Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 13Lando Norris (McLaren): 75Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 83Sergio Perez (Red Bull Racing): 52Oscar Piastri (McLaren): 56Daniel Ricciardo (McLaren): 31George Russell (Mercedes): 93Carlos Sainz (Ferrari): 89Logan Sargeant (Williams): 16Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 68Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 42Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 97Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 78Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 20Liam Lawson: 70

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Lap times scatter 0.322 s around the stint trend, 0.061 s looser than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

202320242025
2023 Zandvoort: +0.452023 Monza: +0.552023 Singapore: -3.002023 Suzuka: -0.052023 Lusail: -1.612024 Austin: +0.602024 Mexico City: -1.812024 Las Vegas: -0.012024 Lusail: +0.082024 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.462025 Melbourne: no usable session2025 Shanghai: +0.532025 Suzuka: -0.902025 Sakhir: +0.552025 Jeddah: +0.202025 Miami: no usable session2025 Imola: +1.132025 Monte Carlo: -0.742025 Catalunya: +0.512025 Montreal: -0.842025 Spielberg: +0.112025 Silverstone: no usable session2025 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.142025 Hungaroring: +0.682025 Zandvoort: -0.412025 Monza: +1.152025 Baku: +0.252025 Singapore: +0.162025 Austin: +0.732025 Mexico City: no usable session2025 Interlagos: -1.012025 Las Vegas: -0.452025 Lusail: -0.672025 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.83

30 SESSIONS · 54 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

STEERING SMOOTHNESS

NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO

How smoothly the driver steers through each corner.

PENDING

Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.

TEAMMATES

Same car, same sessions. Each cell is the average difference over the sessions they shared, in field-spread units: +0.30 means 0.3 of a typical field spread better on that axis. Qualifying H2H is the share of shared qualifying sessions where Lawson's best lap was faster.

TEAMMATESHAREDQUALI H2HENTRYTYRE MGMTTHROTTLEBRAKINGCONSISTENCY
Isack Hadjar39
19 Q · 20 R
11%-0.14+0.37+0.01-0.13+0.30
Yuki Tsunoda16
9 Q · 7 R
11%-0.22+0.92-0.06-0.55+0.15
Max Verstappen3
2 Q · 1 R
0%-0.29-1.62-0.26-0.28-0.56

SESSION LOG

Every weekend in this era. Values are the difference from that session's field in field-spread units, green better and red worse. A dash means the session was skipped (wet, or no data) or the driver had no usable laps.

WEEKENDCIRCUITTEAMQ LAPSBRAKINGENTRYTHROTTLERACE LAPSCONSISTENCYTYRE MGMT
2023 R13ZandvoortAlphaTauri————17+0.45-1.68
2023 R14MonzaAlphaTauri3-0.82-0.76+0.2229+0.55+0.19
2023 R15SingaporeAlphaTauri3-0.28-0.09+0.3216-3.00-0.89
2023 R16SuzukaAlphaTauri3-0.23+0.05-0.2223-0.05+1.21
2023 R17LusailAlphaTauri1-0.16-1.20-0.1230-1.61+0.60
2024 R19AustinRB20.00+0.04+0.2942+0.60+0.61
2024 R20Mexico CityRB3+0.41-0.05+0.2028-1.81-3.00
2024 R22Las VegasRB2-0.71-0.48-0.3430-0.01+0.09
2024 R23LusailRB3-0.15-0.43-0.0829+0.08+0.62
2024 R24Yas Marina CircuitRB3-0.03+0.26+0.0539-0.46+0.01
2025 R01MelbourneRed Bull Racing1-0.14-0.70+0.07———
2025 R02ShanghaiRed Bull Racing2-0.05+0.65+0.2034+0.53-1.06
2025 R03SuzukaRacing Bulls3-0.18+0.13-0.1835-0.90+0.18
2025 R04SakhirRacing Bulls2-0.35-0.23+0.0110+0.55+1.66
2025 R05JeddahRacing Bulls2+0.02-0.45+0.2019+0.20+2.01
2025 R06MiamiRacing Bulls3+0.30+0.22+0.050——
2025 R07ImolaRacing Bulls1-0.50-0.79-0.1523+1.13-0.11
2025 R08Monte CarloRacing Bulls3+0.16+0.25+0.2449-0.74+0.17
2025 R09CatalunyaRacing Bulls3+0.30-0.27-0.0221+0.51+0.46
2025 R10MontrealRacing Bulls3-0.34-0.40+0.2127-0.84-0.20
2025 R11SpielbergRacing Bulls3+0.09+0.26+0.0748+0.11+1.62
2025 R12SilverstoneRacing Bulls2+0.22-0.18+0.11———
2025 R13Spa-FrancorchampsRacing Bulls30.00+0.48+0.1331+0.14+0.34
2025 R14HungaroringRacing Bulls3+0.40-0.03+0.4644+0.68+0.34
2025 R15ZandvoortRacing Bulls3+0.44+0.12+0.0341-0.41-1.15
2025 R16MonzaRacing Bulls1+0.69-1.20+0.4912+1.15-1.31
2025 R17BakuRacing Bulls————37+0.25+0.07
2025 R18SingaporeRacing Bulls3-0.05+0.02+0.3839+0.16-0.67
2025 R19AustinRacing Bulls3-0.04+0.31-0.1627+0.73+1.03
2025 R20Mexico CityRacing Bulls2+0.17+0.12+0.04———
2025 R21InterlagosRacing Bulls3+0.08+0.63+0.3733-1.01-0.20
2025 R22Las VegasRacing Bulls————27-0.45+0.37
2025 R23LusailRacing Bulls3+0.06+0.17+0.099-0.67+0.69
2025 R24Yas Marina CircuitRacing Bulls3-0.03+0.18-0.0731-0.83-0.06

HOW THIS IS CALCULATED

The definitions behind every number on this page. The full specification lives with the pipeline code (backend/pipeline/signature/SPEC.md).

REGULATION ERAS

An era is a period under one set of technical rules. When the rules change, every car brakes, turns and wears its tyres differently, so a driver's style relative to the field can shift too. Signatures are therefore computed separately for each era, and the driver page shows the most recent era with at least one scored axis. These eras are defined by the car rules, separate from the storytelling eras elsewhere on the site.

ERAWHAT DEFINES ITDATA IN THIS DATASET
LATE HYBRID
2018–2021
1.6-litre V6 turbo hybrid power units, used since 2014, in the wider, higher-downforce cars on wider tyres introduced in 2017.
The era starts in 2018, the first season of the official timing archive, although its car rules date from 2017.
2018–2021
30 drivers scored
GROUND EFFECT
2022–2025
THIS PAGE
Most downforce comes from two Venturi tunnels under the floor, with simplified wings and 18-inch low-profile tyres, so that cars can follow each other more closely.
2022–2025
31 drivers scored
ACTIVE AERO
2026 onwards
Front and rear wings switch between a corner mode and a low-drag straight mode, replacing DRS. Cars are shorter, narrower and lighter (768 kg), the floor tunnels are gone, and power is split roughly half and half between combustion and electric, with the MGU-H removed and fully sustainable fuel.
Energy recovery is a bigger part of each lap: drivers lift off before braking to recharge and cars harvest at full throttle at the end of straights. Throttle and braking traces reflect energy management as well as driving style.
2026
22 drivers scored

THE FIELD

Every measurement is a difference from the other cars in the same session. Comparing within a session cancels out the track, the weather, the tyre generation and the overall speed of that year's cars, which is what makes different weekends comparable. For each corner, or each race, the driver's value has the field median subtracted and is divided by the field's spread (a robust z-score, capped at ±3). A value of +1 means one typical field spread better than the median driver.

FROM LAPS TO A SCORE

  1. Pick the laps. Qualifying: up to 3 push laps per driver, within 1% of their own best and 107% of the fastest lap, on dry tyres, not deleted for track limits and not run under red or yellow flags. Race: clean laps only, meaning not lap 1, no pit laps, no safety car, virtual safety car, red or yellow flag, dry tyres, at least 1.5 s behind the car ahead, and within 107% of the driver's stint median.
  2. Measure.Corners are the slowest points of the session's fastest lap (dips of at least 25km/h). Every lap is mapped onto that lap's line, so all drivers' brake points and apexes share one distance scale. Full throttle means 98% pedal or more, and a lift is a drop of 10points. In the race, each stint's lap times are corrected for fuel (0.055 s per lap of fuel still on board) and fitted against tyre age: the slope is degradation (at least 8 clean laps), and the scatter around the line is consistency (at least 6).
  3. Compare with the field. Each corner needs at least 8 field laps; tyre degradation is compared on the same compound when at least 4 stints used it.
  4. Combine over the era. A weighted average of the session values. An axis is only scored with at least 5 qualifying sessions and 150 lap-corners, or 5 races and 8 stints; otherwise it stays empty rather than guessed.
  5. Rank.The 0–100 score is the driver-era's percentile among every driver-era in the dataset, so 50 is typical.
  6. Confidence.The driver's sessions are resampled 400 times and re-ranked. The 90% range runs from the 5th to the 95th percentile of those ranks, and confidence is 1 minus the average width of the ranges.

COMPARISON GROUPS

ERA AVG

The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

ALL-TIME

The average of every driver-era in the dataset. Scores are ranks among those same driver-eras, so it sits at 50 on every axis by construction.

CHAMPIONS

World champions in the eras they won their titles, from the final standings of completed seasons. In the dataset: Lewis Hamilton (2018, 2019, 2020), Max Verstappen (2021, 2022, 2023, 2024), Lando Norris (2025).

TEAMMATES

The driver's teammates in this era, weighted by sessions shared. Same car, so this is the fairest comparison.

AXES

AXISMEASURESHIGHER MEANSDATA
STEERING SMOOTHNESSHow smoothly the driver steers through each corner.Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO
ENTRY AGGRESSIONSpeed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
TYRE MANAGEMENTHow fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT
THROTTLE APPLICATIONDistance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
BRAKINGWhere the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
CONSISTENCYHow much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

DATA AND COVERAGE

Source: Official F1 live-timing feed, read through TracingInsights' public FastF1 extraction (2018–2022) and the OpenF1 historical API (2023–2026). The feed gives car data (speed, throttle, brake on/off, gear) about 3.7 times a second, car positions, laps, tyre stints, gaps and race-control messages. It does not carry steering angle or brake pressure. 180 qualifying sessions and 186 races are scored.

SEASONWEEKENDSQUALIFYINGRACESNOT SCORED
20182120/2120/21
Australian qualifying: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
Australian race: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
20192121/2121/21—
20201715/1717/17
Styrian qualifying: wet
Turkish qualifying: wet
20212220/2222/22
Belgian qualifying: wet
Russian qualifying: mixed conditions, 6 drivers on dry tyres
20222220/2222/22
Canadian qualifying: wet
British qualifying: wet
20232221/2222/22
Dutch qualifying: mixed conditions, 9 drivers on dry tyres
20242422/2424/24
Belgian qualifying: wet
São Paulo qualifying: wet
20252422/2424/24
Azerbaijan qualifying: no lap data in the public feed
Las Vegas qualifying: wet
202619 (+4 still to run)19/1919/19—

KNOWN LIMITATIONS

  • The field includes faster and slower cars, so a driver in a quick car scores higher on car-sensitive measures such as minimum corner speed. The teammate comparison is where the car is held constant.
  • The braking point is not adjusted for approach speed: a driver who exits the previous corner faster arrives quicker and has to brake earlier. Braking describes style more than pace.
  • Tyre management cannot tell tyre wear apart from a driver deliberately controlling pace, so its ranges are wide.
  • From 2026, throttle and braking traces also reflect energy recovery (lifting before braking, harvesting at full throttle), not only driving style.
  • Steering smoothness needs steering angle, which no public feed carries. It is never estimated and will come from onboard video, along with seasons before 2018.

PIPELINE TIMING-0.1.0 · GENERATED 2026-11-02 · OFFICIAL F1 LIVE-TIMING FEED, READ THROUGH TRACINGINSIGHTS' PUBLIC FASTF1 EXTRACTION (2018–2022) AND THE OPENF1 HISTORICAL API (2023–2026)