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DRIVING SIGNATURE · FULL METRICS

Nico Hulkenberg

Late hybrid era (2018–2021) · data from 2018–2020 · Renault, Racing Point

LATE HYBRID · 2018–2020GROUND EFFECT · 2022–2025ACTIVE AERO · 2026

LAPS USED

1,212

QUALIFYING

44

RACES

39

AXES SCORED

5/6

CONFIDENCE

0.71

How this is calculated — the era, the field, the comparison groups and every threshold.

OVERVIEW

Each axis is a 0–100 rank among every driver-era in the dataset, built from differences to the same-session field. The 90% range is where nine in ten resampled scores land. Rank is within the late hybrid field.

STEERINGSMOOTHNESSPENDINGENTRY AGGRESSIONTYRE MANAGEMENTTHROTTLE APPLICATIONBRAKINGCONSISTENCY

DASHED: ERA AVG — The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

AXISSCORE90% RANGERANKERA AVGALL-TIMECHAMPIONSTEAMMATES
STEERINGPENDING——————
ENTRY7358–757/3047509269
TYRE MGMT8857–984/3053505178
THROTTLE5642–7316/3050507664
BRAKING4642–5216/3049507859
CONSISTENCY4928–7616/3049508178

AXIS BY AXIS

What each axis measures, where the driver sits among this era's drivers, the raw differences behind the score, and how it moved from weekend to weekend.

ENTRY AGGRESSION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Speed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.

73/ 100
RANK 7 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 58–75

Higher means: Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 77Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 40Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 99Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 65Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 81Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 33Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 25Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 98Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 46Robert Kubica (Williams): 1Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 44Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 6Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 59Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 27Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 2Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 13Lando Norris (McLaren): 67Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 49Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 45Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 24Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 90George Russell (Williams): 22Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 52Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 4Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 17Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 61Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 15Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 93Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 66Nico Hulkenberg: 73

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

1.1 km/h more speed as the brake comes off.

0.2 km/h higher minimum corner speed.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

201820192020
2018 Sakhir: +0.442018 Shanghai: +0.912018 Baku: +0.282018 Barcelona: +0.362018 Monte Carlo: +0.272018 Montréal: +0.722018 Le Castellet: +0.492018 Spielberg: -0.012018 Silverstone: +0.402018 Hockenheim: +0.332018 Budapest: +0.572018 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.022018 Monza: -0.582018 Singapore: +0.312018 Sochi: -0.222018 Suzuka: +0.202018 Austin: +0.232018 Mexico City: +0.202018 São Paulo: -0.522018 Yas Marina: +0.642019 Melbourne: 0.002019 Sakhir: -0.182019 Shanghai: +0.442019 Baku: -0.872019 Barcelona: -0.562019 Monte Carlo: +0.412019 Montréal: +0.382019 Le Castellet: +0.332019 Spielberg: +0.082019 Silverstone: -0.122019 Hockenheim: +0.222019 Budapest: -0.042019 Spa-Francorchamps: 0.002019 Monza: +0.292019 Singapore: +0.112019 Sochi: +0.292019 Suzuka: +0.012019 Mexico City: +0.072019 Austin: +0.212019 São Paulo: +0.162019 Yas Island: +0.292020 Silverstone: -0.062020 Silverstone: -0.062020 Nürburgring: -1.45

44 SESSIONS · 910 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

TYRE MANAGEMENT

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.

88/ 100
RANK 4 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 57–98

Higher means: Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 63Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 93Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 10Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 84Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 49Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 15Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 47Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 59Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 79Robert Kubica (Williams): 8Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 36Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 54Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 18Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 75Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 4Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 16Lando Norris (McLaren): 81Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 86Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 60Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 46Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 87George Russell (Williams): 64Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 74Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 9Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 26Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 98Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 91Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 38Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 20Nico Hulkenberg: 88

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Loses 0.038 s per lap of tyre age after fuel correction, 0.007 s/lap less than the race median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

201820192020
2018 Sakhir: +0.842018 Shanghai: +0.582018 Baku: no usable session2018 Barcelona: no usable session2018 Monte Carlo: +1.562018 Montréal: -0.692018 Le Castellet: -0.092018 Spielberg: no usable session2018 Silverstone: +0.222018 Hockenheim: +0.292018 Budapest: -0.552018 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2018 Monza: -0.042018 Singapore: +0.042018 Sochi: +1.112018 Suzuka: 0.002018 Austin: +0.622018 Mexico City: +1.452018 São Paulo: +2.132018 Yas Marina: no usable session2019 Melbourne: +1.432019 Sakhir: +0.552019 Shanghai: no usable session2019 Baku: -0.992019 Barcelona: +1.072019 Monte Carlo: 0.002019 Montréal: -2.552019 Le Castellet: no usable session2019 Spielberg: 0.002019 Silverstone: -0.672019 Hockenheim: no usable session2019 Budapest: -0.442019 Spa-Francorchamps: 0.002019 Monza: +0.482019 Singapore: -0.742019 Sochi: no usable session2019 Suzuka: -0.872019 Mexico City: +0.012019 Austin: +0.882019 São Paulo: +2.032019 Yas Island: +0.102020 Silverstone: no usable session2020 Silverstone: -0.382020 Nürburgring: +0.76

34 SESSIONS · 53 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

THROTTLE APPLICATION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Distance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.

56/ 100
RANK 16 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 42–73

Higher means: Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 39Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 76Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 75Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 61Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 87Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 22Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 66Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 60Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 73Robert Kubica (Williams): 2Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 97Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 18Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 30Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 27Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 1Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 4Lando Norris (McLaren): 45Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 9Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 64Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 36Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 67George Russell (Williams): 35Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 62Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 13Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 57Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 91Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 70Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 94Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 54Nico Hulkenberg: 56

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Reaches full throttle 0.3 m further from the apex than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

201820192020
2018 Sakhir: +0.162018 Shanghai: +0.202018 Baku: +0.242018 Barcelona: -0.022018 Monte Carlo: -0.132018 Montréal: -0.012018 Le Castellet: -0.152018 Spielberg: -0.172018 Silverstone: -0.022018 Hockenheim: -0.082018 Budapest: -0.162018 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.432018 Monza: -0.072018 Singapore: -0.172018 Sochi: -0.322018 Suzuka: +0.152018 Austin: +0.592018 Mexico City: +0.492018 São Paulo: -0.632018 Yas Marina: -0.212019 Melbourne: -0.082019 Sakhir: -0.072019 Shanghai: +0.032019 Baku: +0.132019 Barcelona: -0.352019 Monte Carlo: +0.262019 Montréal: +0.092019 Le Castellet: -0.112019 Spielberg: -0.122019 Silverstone: +0.352019 Hockenheim: +0.302019 Budapest: +0.072019 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.312019 Monza: +0.022019 Singapore: +0.122019 Sochi: -0.022019 Suzuka: +0.312019 Mexico City: +0.282019 Austin: +0.122019 São Paulo: -0.182019 Yas Island: -0.092020 Silverstone: -0.282020 Silverstone: -0.152020 Nürburgring: +0.08

44 SESSIONS · 838 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

BRAKING

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Where the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.

46/ 100
RANK 16 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 42–52

Higher means: Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 38Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 60Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 86Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 55Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 90Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 29Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 61Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 97Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 99Robert Kubica (Williams): 14Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 70Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 15Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 59Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 10Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 1Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 2Lando Norris (McLaren): 88Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 24Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 31Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 33Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 73George Russell (Williams): 27Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 49Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 30Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 9Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 92Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 66Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 78Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 43Nico Hulkenberg: 46

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Starts braking 1.9 m earlier than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

201820192020
2018 Sakhir: +0.572018 Shanghai: +0.382018 Baku: -0.412018 Barcelona: -0.152018 Monte Carlo: -0.512018 Montréal: -0.422018 Le Castellet: -0.262018 Spielberg: -0.292018 Silverstone: +0.552018 Hockenheim: +0.112018 Budapest: +0.272018 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.452018 Monza: -0.402018 Singapore: +0.012018 Sochi: -0.012018 Suzuka: +0.112018 Austin: -0.192018 Mexico City: -0.242018 São Paulo: -0.082018 Yas Marina: -0.112019 Melbourne: -0.402019 Sakhir: -0.292019 Shanghai: +0.152019 Baku: -0.372019 Barcelona: -0.242019 Monte Carlo: -0.372019 Montréal: -0.412019 Le Castellet: -0.122019 Spielberg: +0.052019 Silverstone: -0.482019 Hockenheim: +0.242019 Budapest: -0.042019 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.082019 Monza: -0.392019 Singapore: -0.072019 Sochi: +0.202019 Suzuka: -0.292019 Mexico City: +0.112019 Austin: +0.082019 São Paulo: +0.392019 Yas Island: -0.122020 Silverstone: +0.312020 Silverstone: -0.132020 Nürburgring: -1.00

44 SESSIONS · 737 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

CONSISTENCY

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.

49/ 100
RANK 16 OF 30 · LATE HYBRID FIELD
90% RANGE 28–76

Higher means: Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Red Bull Racing): 40Fernando Alonso (Alpine): 45Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes): 44Marcus Ericsson (Sauber): 22Pierre Gasly (AlphaTauri): 67Antonio Giovinazzi (Alfa Romeo Racing): 51Romain Grosjean (Haas F1 Team): 34Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 57Brendon Hartley (Toro Rosso): 30Robert Kubica (Williams): 4Daniil Kvyat (Toro Rosso): 66Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 14Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 64Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 32Nikita Mazepin (Haas F1 Team): 1Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 3Lando Norris (McLaren): 87Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 85Sergio Perez (Racing Point): 60Kimi Räikkönen (Alfa Romeo Racing): 48Daniel Ricciardo (Renault): 73George Russell (Williams): 17Carlos Sainz (McLaren): 86Sergey Sirotkin (Williams): 7Lance Stroll (Racing Point): 63Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 58Stoffel Vandoorne (McLaren): 80Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 95Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari): 84Nico Hulkenberg: 49

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Lap times scatter 0.371 s around the stint trend, 0.030 s looser than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

201820192020
2018 Sakhir: -0.402018 Shanghai: +0.382018 Baku: no usable session2018 Barcelona: no usable session2018 Monte Carlo: +0.692018 Montréal: +0.092018 Le Castellet: +0.602018 Spielberg: no usable session2018 Silverstone: +0.092018 Hockenheim: +0.452018 Budapest: -0.452018 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2018 Monza: -0.792018 Singapore: -0.832018 Sochi: -0.692018 Suzuka: +0.612018 Austin: +0.072018 Mexico City: -0.502018 São Paulo: +0.122018 Yas Marina: no usable session2019 Melbourne: +0.902019 Sakhir: -1.712019 Shanghai: +0.672019 Baku: -0.592019 Barcelona: -1.962019 Monte Carlo: -3.002019 Montréal: -0.522019 Le Castellet: no usable session2019 Spielberg: -1.212019 Silverstone: +0.702019 Hockenheim: no usable session2019 Budapest: -0.072019 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.222019 Monza: -0.012019 Singapore: +0.042019 Sochi: -0.242019 Suzuka: +1.092019 Mexico City: -0.132019 Austin: -0.962019 São Paulo: -0.302019 Yas Island: +0.382020 Silverstone: no usable session2020 Silverstone: -0.162020 Nürburgring: +0.05

36 SESSIONS · 64 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

STEERING SMOOTHNESS

NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO

How smoothly the driver steers through each corner.

PENDING

Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.

TEAMMATES

Same car, same sessions. Each cell is the average difference over the sessions they shared, in field-spread units: +0.30 means 0.3 of a typical field spread better on that axis. Qualifying H2H is the share of shared qualifying sessions where Hulkenberg's best lap was faster.

TEAMMATESHAREDQUALI H2HENTRYTYRE MGMTTHROTTLEBRAKINGCONSISTENCY
Daniel Ricciardo41
21 Q · 20 R
33%-0.38-0.260.00-0.11-0.32
Carlos Sainz37
20 Q · 17 R
65%+0.16+0.85-0.16+0.21+0.46
Lance Stroll3
2 Q · 1 R
50%-0.15-0.54-0.14+0.90-0.34
Sergio Perez2
1 Q · 1 R
0%-1.50-0.78-0.05-0.32+0.71

SESSION LOG

Every weekend in this era. Values are the difference from that session's field in field-spread units, green better and red worse. A dash means the session was skipped (wet, or no data) or the driver had no usable laps.

WEEKENDCIRCUITTEAMQ LAPSBRAKINGENTRYTHROTTLERACE LAPSCONSISTENCYTYRE MGMT
2018 R02SakhirRenault3+0.57+0.44+0.1630-0.40+0.84
2018 R03ShanghaiRenault3+0.38+0.91+0.2038+0.38+0.58
2018 R04BakuRenault2-0.41+0.28+0.240——
2018 R05BarcelonaRenault1-0.15+0.36-0.02———
2018 R06Monte CarloRenault3-0.51+0.27-0.1331+0.69+1.56
2018 R07MontréalRenault3-0.42+0.72-0.0149+0.09-0.69
2018 R08Le CastelletRenault3-0.26+0.49-0.1531+0.60-0.09
2018 R09SpielbergRenault3-0.29-0.01-0.170——
2018 R10SilverstoneRenault3+0.55+0.40-0.0230+0.09+0.22
2018 R11HockenheimRenault3+0.11+0.33-0.0844+0.45+0.29
2018 R12BudapestRenault1+0.27+0.57-0.1637-0.45-0.55
2018 R13Spa-FrancorchampsRenault1-0.45+0.02+0.43———
2018 R14MonzaRenault2-0.40-0.58-0.0729-0.79-0.04
2018 R15SingaporeRenault3+0.01+0.31-0.1745-0.83+0.04
2018 R16SochiRenault2-0.01-0.22-0.3244-0.69+1.11
2018 R17SuzukaRenault2+0.11+0.20+0.1511+0.610.00
2018 R18AustinRenault3-0.19+0.23+0.5948+0.07+0.62
2018 R19Mexico CityRenault3-0.24+0.20+0.4954-0.50+1.45
2018 R20São PauloRenault3-0.08-0.52-0.6314+0.12+2.13
2018 R21Yas MarinaRenault3-0.11+0.64-0.21———
2019 R01MelbourneRenault3-0.400.00-0.0837+0.90+1.43
2019 R02SakhirRenault2-0.29-0.18-0.0728-1.71+0.55
2019 R03ShanghaiRenault3+0.15+0.44+0.036+0.67—
2019 R04BakuRenault2-0.37-0.87+0.1328-0.59-0.99
2019 R05BarcelonaRenault2-0.24-0.56-0.3532-1.96+1.07
2019 R06Monte CarloRenault3-0.37+0.41+0.2621-3.000.00
2019 R07MontréalRenault3-0.41+0.38+0.0935-0.52-2.55
2019 R08Le CastelletRenault3-0.12+0.33-0.110——
2019 R09SpielbergRenault3+0.05+0.08-0.1245-1.210.00
2019 R10SilverstoneRenault3-0.48-0.12+0.3511+0.70-0.67
2019 R11HockenheimRenault3+0.24+0.22+0.30———
2019 R12BudapestRenault3-0.04-0.04+0.0741-0.07-0.44
2019 R13Spa-FrancorchampsRenault3+0.080.00-0.3122-0.220.00
2019 R14MonzaRenault3-0.39+0.29+0.0241-0.01+0.48
2019 R15SingaporeRenault3-0.07+0.11+0.1223+0.04-0.74
2019 R16SochiRenault3+0.20+0.29-0.026-0.24—
2019 R17SuzukaRenault3-0.29+0.01+0.318+1.09-0.87
2019 R18Mexico CityRenault3+0.11+0.07+0.2847-0.13+0.01
2019 R19AustinRenault3+0.08+0.21+0.1227-0.96+0.88
2019 R20São PauloRenault3+0.39+0.16-0.1821-0.30+2.03
2019 R21Yas IslandRenault3-0.12+0.29-0.0922+0.38+0.10
2020 R04SilverstoneRacing Point3+0.31-0.06-0.28———
2020 R05SilverstoneRacing Point3-0.13-0.06-0.1541-0.16-0.38
2020 R11NürburgringRacing Point2-1.00-1.45+0.0817+0.05+0.76

HOW THIS IS CALCULATED

The definitions behind every number on this page. The full specification lives with the pipeline code (backend/pipeline/signature/SPEC.md).

REGULATION ERAS

An era is a period under one set of technical rules. When the rules change, every car brakes, turns and wears its tyres differently, so a driver's style relative to the field can shift too. Signatures are therefore computed separately for each era, and the driver page shows the most recent era with at least one scored axis. These eras are defined by the car rules, separate from the storytelling eras elsewhere on the site.

ERAWHAT DEFINES ITDATA IN THIS DATASET
LATE HYBRID
2018–2021
THIS PAGE
1.6-litre V6 turbo hybrid power units, used since 2014, in the wider, higher-downforce cars on wider tyres introduced in 2017.
The era starts in 2018, the first season of the official timing archive, although its car rules date from 2017.
2018–2021
30 drivers scored
GROUND EFFECT
2022–2025
Most downforce comes from two Venturi tunnels under the floor, with simplified wings and 18-inch low-profile tyres, so that cars can follow each other more closely.
2022–2025
31 drivers scored
ACTIVE AERO
2026 onwards
Front and rear wings switch between a corner mode and a low-drag straight mode, replacing DRS. Cars are shorter, narrower and lighter (768 kg), the floor tunnels are gone, and power is split roughly half and half between combustion and electric, with the MGU-H removed and fully sustainable fuel.
Energy recovery is a bigger part of each lap: drivers lift off before braking to recharge and cars harvest at full throttle at the end of straights. Throttle and braking traces reflect energy management as well as driving style.
2026
22 drivers scored

THE FIELD

Every measurement is a difference from the other cars in the same session. Comparing within a session cancels out the track, the weather, the tyre generation and the overall speed of that year's cars, which is what makes different weekends comparable. For each corner, or each race, the driver's value has the field median subtracted and is divided by the field's spread (a robust z-score, capped at ±3). A value of +1 means one typical field spread better than the median driver.

FROM LAPS TO A SCORE

  1. Pick the laps. Qualifying: up to 3 push laps per driver, within 1% of their own best and 107% of the fastest lap, on dry tyres, not deleted for track limits and not run under red or yellow flags. Race: clean laps only, meaning not lap 1, no pit laps, no safety car, virtual safety car, red or yellow flag, dry tyres, at least 1.5 s behind the car ahead, and within 107% of the driver's stint median.
  2. Measure.Corners are the slowest points of the session's fastest lap (dips of at least 25km/h). Every lap is mapped onto that lap's line, so all drivers' brake points and apexes share one distance scale. Full throttle means 98% pedal or more, and a lift is a drop of 10points. In the race, each stint's lap times are corrected for fuel (0.055 s per lap of fuel still on board) and fitted against tyre age: the slope is degradation (at least 8 clean laps), and the scatter around the line is consistency (at least 6).
  3. Compare with the field. Each corner needs at least 8 field laps; tyre degradation is compared on the same compound when at least 4 stints used it.
  4. Combine over the era. A weighted average of the session values. An axis is only scored with at least 5 qualifying sessions and 150 lap-corners, or 5 races and 8 stints; otherwise it stays empty rather than guessed.
  5. Rank.The 0–100 score is the driver-era's percentile among every driver-era in the dataset, so 50 is typical.
  6. Confidence.The driver's sessions are resampled 400 times and re-ranked. The 90% range runs from the 5th to the 95th percentile of those ranks, and confidence is 1 minus the average width of the ranges.

COMPARISON GROUPS

ERA AVG

The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

ALL-TIME

The average of every driver-era in the dataset. Scores are ranks among those same driver-eras, so it sits at 50 on every axis by construction.

CHAMPIONS

World champions in the eras they won their titles, from the final standings of completed seasons. In the dataset: Lewis Hamilton (2018, 2019, 2020), Max Verstappen (2021, 2022, 2023, 2024), Lando Norris (2025).

TEAMMATES

The driver's teammates in this era, weighted by sessions shared. Same car, so this is the fairest comparison.

AXES

AXISMEASURESHIGHER MEANSDATA
STEERING SMOOTHNESSHow smoothly the driver steers through each corner.Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO
ENTRY AGGRESSIONSpeed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
TYRE MANAGEMENTHow fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT
THROTTLE APPLICATIONDistance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
BRAKINGWhere the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
CONSISTENCYHow much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

DATA AND COVERAGE

Source: Official F1 live-timing feed, read through TracingInsights' public FastF1 extraction (2018–2022) and the OpenF1 historical API (2023–2026). The feed gives car data (speed, throttle, brake on/off, gear) about 3.7 times a second, car positions, laps, tyre stints, gaps and race-control messages. It does not carry steering angle or brake pressure. 180 qualifying sessions and 186 races are scored.

SEASONWEEKENDSQUALIFYINGRACESNOT SCORED
20182120/2120/21
Australian qualifying: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
Australian race: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
20192121/2121/21—
20201715/1717/17
Styrian qualifying: wet
Turkish qualifying: wet
20212220/2222/22
Belgian qualifying: wet
Russian qualifying: mixed conditions, 6 drivers on dry tyres
20222220/2222/22
Canadian qualifying: wet
British qualifying: wet
20232221/2222/22
Dutch qualifying: mixed conditions, 9 drivers on dry tyres
20242422/2424/24
Belgian qualifying: wet
São Paulo qualifying: wet
20252422/2424/24
Azerbaijan qualifying: no lap data in the public feed
Las Vegas qualifying: wet
202619 (+4 still to run)19/1919/19—

KNOWN LIMITATIONS

  • The field includes faster and slower cars, so a driver in a quick car scores higher on car-sensitive measures such as minimum corner speed. The teammate comparison is where the car is held constant.
  • The braking point is not adjusted for approach speed: a driver who exits the previous corner faster arrives quicker and has to brake earlier. Braking describes style more than pace.
  • Tyre management cannot tell tyre wear apart from a driver deliberately controlling pace, so its ranges are wide.
  • From 2026, throttle and braking traces also reflect energy recovery (lifting before braking, harvesting at full throttle), not only driving style.
  • Steering smoothness needs steering angle, which no public feed carries. It is never estimated and will come from onboard video, along with seasons before 2018.

PIPELINE TIMING-0.1.0 · GENERATED 2026-11-02 · OFFICIAL F1 LIVE-TIMING FEED, READ THROUGH TRACINGINSIGHTS' PUBLIC FASTF1 EXTRACTION (2018–2022) AND THE OPENF1 HISTORICAL API (2023–2026)