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DRIVING SIGNATURE · FULL METRICS

Daniel Ricciardo

Ground effect era (2022–2025) · data from 2022–2024 · McLaren, RB, AlphaTauri

LATE HYBRID · 2018–2021GROUND EFFECT · 2022–2024

LAPS USED

1,249

QUALIFYING

42

RACES

44

AXES SCORED

5/6

CONFIDENCE

0.63

How this is calculated — the era, the field, the comparison groups and every threshold.

OVERVIEW

Each axis is a 0–100 rank among every driver-era in the dataset, built from differences to the same-session field. The 90% range is where nine in ten resampled scores land. Rank is within the ground effect field.

STEERINGSMOOTHNESSPENDINGENTRY AGGRESSIONTYRE MANAGEMENTTHROTTLE APPLICATIONBRAKINGCONSISTENCY

DASHED: ERA AVG — The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

AXISSCORE90% RANGERANKERA AVGALL-TIMECHAMPIONSTEAMMATES
STEERINGPENDING——————
ENTRY6953–7510/2951509270
TYRE MGMT7344–917/3047505150
THROTTLE5941–7411/2949507662
BRAKING7158–838/2951507884
CONSISTENCY3119–7622/3149508157

AXIS BY AXIS

What each axis measures, where the driver sits among this era's drivers, the raw differences behind the score, and how it moved from weekend to weekend.

ENTRY AGGRESSION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Speed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.

69/ 100
RANK 10 OF 29 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 53–75

Higher means: Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 29Fernando Alonso (Aston Martin): 41Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 78Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 51Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 12Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 31Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 38Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 82Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 71Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 55Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 35Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 3Liam Lawson (Racing Bulls): 50Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 83Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 28Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 64Lando Norris (McLaren): 97Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 34Sergio Perez (Red Bull Racing): 70Oscar Piastri (McLaren): 96George Russell (Mercedes): 76Carlos Sainz (Ferrari): 54Logan Sargeant (Williams): 20Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 19Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 48Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 80Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 43Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 23Daniel Ricciardo: 69

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

1.5 km/h more speed as the brake comes off.

0.5 km/h lower minimum corner speed.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

202220232024
2022 Sakhir: -0.552022 Jeddah: +0.232022 Melbourne: +0.102022 Imola: +0.162022 Miami: +0.102022 Barcelona: -0.182022 Monaco: -0.232022 Baku: +0.042022 Montréal: no usable session2022 Silverstone: no usable session2022 Spielberg: -0.232022 Le Castellet: +0.102022 Budapest: +0.562022 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.252022 Zandvoort: -0.342022 Monza: +0.652022 Marina Bay: no usable session2022 Suzuka: -0.442022 Austin: +0.112022 Mexico City: +0.412022 São Paulo: +0.492022 Yas Island: +0.562023 Hungaroring: +0.022023 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2023 Austin: +0.392023 Mexico City: +0.852023 Interlagos: -0.132023 Las Vegas: -0.042023 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.312024 Sakhir: +0.012024 Jeddah: +0.352024 Melbourne: -0.382024 Suzuka: +0.402024 Shanghai: +0.262024 Miami: +0.402024 Imola: -0.242024 Monte Carlo: +0.452024 Montreal: +0.082024 Catalunya: -0.822024 Spielberg: -0.092024 Silverstone: -0.312024 Hungaroring: +0.102024 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2024 Zandvoort: -0.552024 Monza: +0.022024 Baku: -0.222024 Singapore: +0.04

42 SESSIONS · 790 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

TYRE MANAGEMENT

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.

73/ 100
RANK 7 OF 30 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 44–91

Higher means: Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 65Fernando Alonso (Aston Martin): 96Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 85Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 90Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 5Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 14Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 21Nyck De Vries (AlphaTauri): 12Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 27Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 51Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 55Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 23Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 7Liam Lawson (Racing Bulls): 76Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 41Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 19Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 32Lando Norris (McLaren): 57Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 66Sergio Perez (Red Bull Racing): 13Oscar Piastri (McLaren): 77George Russell (Mercedes): 71Carlos Sainz (Ferrari): 68Logan Sargeant (Williams): 1Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 30Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 45Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 48Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 97Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 31Daniel Ricciardo: 73

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Loses 0.059 s per lap of tyre age after fuel correction, 0.005 s/lap more than the race median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

202220232024
2022 Sakhir: +0.582022 Jeddah: -0.672022 Melbourne: 0.002022 Imola: -0.412022 Miami: +1.142022 Barcelona: +0.372022 Monaco: -0.492022 Baku: +0.292022 Montréal: -0.612022 Silverstone: no usable session2022 Spielberg: +0.602022 Le Castellet: -0.202022 Budapest: +0.122022 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2022 Zandvoort: -2.162022 Monza: +0.362022 Marina Bay: +0.492022 Suzuka: no usable session2022 Austin: -0.392022 Mexico City: +0.712022 São Paulo: no usable session2022 Yas Island: +0.082023 Hungaroring: +0.382023 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.082023 Austin: -1.562023 Mexico City: +1.112023 Interlagos: +0.342023 Las Vegas: +1.142023 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.032024 Sakhir: -0.952024 Jeddah: -0.122024 Melbourne: -0.042024 Suzuka: no usable session2024 Shanghai: no usable session2024 Miami: no usable session2024 Imola: -0.672024 Monte Carlo: no usable session2024 Montreal: no usable session2024 Catalunya: +1.322024 Spielberg: +0.552024 Silverstone: -1.442024 Hungaroring: -0.542024 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.182024 Zandvoort: +0.672024 Monza: +0.122024 Baku: +0.782024 Singapore: -0.70

38 SESSIONS · 63 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

THROTTLE APPLICATION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Distance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.

59/ 100
RANK 11 OF 29 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 41–74

Higher means: Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 3Fernando Alonso (Aston Martin): 72Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 65Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 28Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 55Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 41Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 8Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 80Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 82Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 38Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 48Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 6Liam Lawson (Racing Bulls): 77Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 40Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 44Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 23Lando Norris (McLaren): 52Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 15Sergio Perez (Red Bull Racing): 99Oscar Piastri (McLaren): 31George Russell (Mercedes): 81Carlos Sainz (Ferrari): 50Logan Sargeant (Williams): 10Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 86Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 71Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 98Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 51Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 14Daniel Ricciardo: 59

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Reaches full throttle 0.8 m further from the apex than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

202220232024
2022 Sakhir: -0.062022 Jeddah: +0.272022 Melbourne: +0.282022 Imola: -0.022022 Miami: -0.212022 Barcelona: +0.112022 Monaco: -0.622022 Baku: -0.272022 Montréal: no usable session2022 Silverstone: no usable session2022 Spielberg: -0.422022 Le Castellet: -0.122022 Budapest: +0.152022 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.032022 Zandvoort: +0.062022 Monza: -0.272022 Marina Bay: no usable session2022 Suzuka: 0.002022 Austin: -0.212022 Mexico City: +0.192022 São Paulo: -0.562022 Yas Island: +0.032023 Hungaroring: +0.292023 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2023 Austin: +0.252023 Mexico City: +0.402023 Interlagos: -0.042023 Las Vegas: -0.212023 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.252024 Sakhir: +0.452024 Jeddah: -0.052024 Melbourne: -0.032024 Suzuka: +0.072024 Shanghai: -0.242024 Miami: -0.072024 Imola: -0.022024 Monte Carlo: +0.022024 Montreal: +0.382024 Catalunya: +0.142024 Spielberg: -0.032024 Silverstone: +0.122024 Hungaroring: +0.222024 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2024 Zandvoort: -0.092024 Monza: -0.192024 Baku: -0.102024 Singapore: +0.14

42 SESSIONS · 745 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

BRAKING

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Where the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.

71/ 100
RANK 8 OF 29 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 58–83

Higher means: Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 22Fernando Alonso (Aston Martin): 76Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 62Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 41Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 23Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 36Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 18Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 64Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 82Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 77Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 48Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 3Liam Lawson (Racing Bulls): 51Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 67Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 34Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 19Lando Norris (McLaren): 80Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 20Sergio Perez (Red Bull Racing): 45Oscar Piastri (McLaren): 83George Russell (Mercedes): 72Carlos Sainz (Ferrari): 35Logan Sargeant (Williams): 28Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 65Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 87Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 56Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 50Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 54Daniel Ricciardo: 71

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Starts braking 0.8 m later than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

202220232024
2022 Sakhir: +0.252022 Jeddah: +0.502022 Melbourne: +0.602022 Imola: +0.632022 Miami: +0.302022 Barcelona: +0.342022 Monaco: +0.112022 Baku: +0.632022 Montréal: no usable session2022 Silverstone: no usable session2022 Spielberg: +0.582022 Le Castellet: +0.072022 Budapest: +0.112022 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.262022 Zandvoort: +0.182022 Monza: +0.512022 Marina Bay: no usable session2022 Suzuka: +0.652022 Austin: +0.152022 Mexico City: +0.162022 São Paulo: -0.312022 Yas Island: -0.032023 Hungaroring: +0.452023 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2023 Austin: +0.042023 Mexico City: +0.062023 Interlagos: +0.082023 Las Vegas: -0.892023 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.462024 Sakhir: -0.022024 Jeddah: -0.692024 Melbourne: -0.032024 Suzuka: +0.222024 Shanghai: +0.392024 Miami: +0.402024 Imola: +0.162024 Monte Carlo: +0.082024 Montreal: +0.132024 Catalunya: 0.002024 Spielberg: -0.412024 Silverstone: -0.702024 Hungaroring: +0.192024 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2024 Zandvoort: +0.062024 Monza: +0.012024 Baku: -0.462024 Singapore: +0.44

42 SESSIONS · 712 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

CONSISTENCY

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.

31/ 100
RANK 22 OF 31 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 19–76

Higher means: Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 62Fernando Alonso (Aston Martin): 38Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 81Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 36Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 25Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 21Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 39Nyck De Vries (AlphaTauri): 33Jack Doohan (Alpine): 9Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 79Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 55Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 46Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 19Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 5Liam Lawson (Racing Bulls): 70Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 72Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 11Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 13Lando Norris (McLaren): 75Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 83Sergio Perez (Red Bull Racing): 52Oscar Piastri (McLaren): 56George Russell (Mercedes): 93Carlos Sainz (Ferrari): 89Logan Sargeant (Williams): 16Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 68Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 42Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 97Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 78Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 20Daniel Ricciardo: 31

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Lap times scatter 0.376 s around the stint trend, 0.066 s looser than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

202220232024
2022 Sakhir: -0.112022 Jeddah: +0.832022 Melbourne: +1.182022 Imola: +0.512022 Miami: +0.972022 Barcelona: +0.722022 Monaco: +0.672022 Baku: -0.522022 Montréal: +0.892022 Silverstone: no usable session2022 Spielberg: -2.272022 Le Castellet: +1.112022 Budapest: -0.552022 Spa-Francorchamps: -3.002022 Zandvoort: -3.002022 Monza: +0.222022 Marina Bay: +0.192022 Suzuka: no usable session2022 Austin: +0.552022 Mexico City: +0.612022 São Paulo: no usable session2022 Yas Island: -0.092023 Hungaroring: +0.172023 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.802023 Austin: -0.882023 Mexico City: +0.572023 Interlagos: -0.762023 Las Vegas: -0.152023 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.012024 Sakhir: -1.002024 Jeddah: -3.002024 Melbourne: -1.512024 Suzuka: no usable session2024 Shanghai: no usable session2024 Miami: no usable session2024 Imola: -1.442024 Monte Carlo: +1.562024 Montreal: +0.522024 Catalunya: -1.132024 Spielberg: -0.602024 Silverstone: -1.212024 Hungaroring: -3.002024 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.232024 Zandvoort: +0.482024 Monza: +0.012024 Baku: -3.002024 Singapore: -0.42

41 SESSIONS · 68 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

STEERING SMOOTHNESS

NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO

How smoothly the driver steers through each corner.

PENDING

Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.

TEAMMATES

Same car, same sessions. Each cell is the average difference over the sessions they shared, in field-spread units: +0.30 means 0.3 of a typical field spread better on that axis. Qualifying H2H is the share of shared qualifying sessions where Ricciardo's best lap was faster.

TEAMMATESHAREDQUALI H2HENTRYTYRE MGMTTHROTTLEBRAKINGCONSISTENCY
Yuki Tsunoda47
23 Q · 24 R
30%+0.04+0.18+0.07-0.34-0.27
Lando Norris39
19 Q · 20 R
0%-0.25+0.14+0.03-0.03+0.55

SESSION LOG

Every weekend in this era. Values are the difference from that session's field in field-spread units, green better and red worse. A dash means the session was skipped (wet, or no data) or the driver had no usable laps.

WEEKENDCIRCUITTEAMQ LAPSBRAKINGENTRYTHROTTLERACE LAPSCONSISTENCYTYRE MGMT
2022 R01SakhirMcLaren3+0.25-0.55-0.0620-0.11+0.58
2022 R02JeddahMcLaren3+0.50+0.23+0.2714+0.83-0.67
2022 R03MelbourneMcLaren3+0.60+0.10+0.2816+1.180.00
2022 R04ImolaMcLaren3+0.63+0.16-0.0230+0.51-0.41
2022 R05MiamiMcLaren3+0.30+0.10-0.2125+0.97+1.14
2022 R06BarcelonaMcLaren3+0.34-0.18+0.1142+0.72+0.37
2022 R07MonacoMcLaren3+0.11-0.23-0.6215+0.67-0.49
2022 R08BakuMcLaren3+0.63+0.04-0.2727-0.52+0.29
2022 R09MontréalMcLaren————24+0.89-0.61
2022 R10SilverstoneMcLaren————0——
2022 R11SpielbergMcLaren2+0.58-0.23-0.4217-2.27+0.60
2022 R12Le CastelletMcLaren3+0.07+0.10-0.1229+1.11-0.20
2022 R13BudapestMcLaren3+0.11+0.56+0.1552-0.55+0.12
2022 R14Spa-FrancorchampsMcLaren3+0.26+0.25-0.037-3.00—
2022 R15ZandvoortMcLaren2+0.18-0.34+0.0610-3.00-2.16
2022 R16MonzaMcLaren3+0.51+0.65-0.2733+0.22+0.36
2022 R17Marina BayMcLaren————19+0.19+0.49
2022 R18SuzukaMcLaren3+0.65-0.440.00———
2022 R19AustinMcLaren2+0.15+0.11-0.2126+0.55-0.39
2022 R20Mexico CityMcLaren2+0.16+0.41+0.1944+0.61+0.71
2022 R21São PauloMcLaren2-0.31+0.49-0.56———
2022 R22Yas IslandMcLaren3-0.03+0.56+0.0341-0.09+0.08
2023 R11HungaroringAlphaTauri2+0.45+0.02+0.2936+0.17+0.38
2023 R12Spa-FrancorchampsAlphaTauri————9-0.80-0.08
2023 R18AustinAlphaTauri3+0.04+0.39+0.2532-0.88-1.56
2023 R19Mexico CityAlphaTauri3+0.06+0.85+0.4035+0.57+1.11
2023 R20InterlagosAlphaTauri2+0.08-0.13-0.0458-0.76+0.34
2023 R21Las VegasAlphaTauri2-0.89-0.04-0.2114-0.15+1.14
2023 R22Yas Marina CircuitAlphaTauri3-0.46+0.31+0.2533+0.01+0.03
2024 R01SakhirRB3-0.02+0.01+0.4524-1.00-0.95
2024 R02JeddahRB3-0.69+0.35-0.0517-3.00-0.12
2024 R03MelbourneRB2-0.03-0.38-0.0341-1.51-0.04
2024 R04SuzukaRB3+0.22+0.40+0.07———
2024 R05ShanghaiRB2+0.39+0.26-0.240——
2024 R06MiamiRB3+0.40+0.40-0.070——
2024 R07ImolaRB3+0.16-0.24-0.0238-1.44-0.67
2024 R08Monte CarloRB3+0.08+0.45+0.026+1.56—
2024 R09MontrealRB2+0.13+0.08+0.386+0.52—
2024 R10CatalunyaRB30.00-0.82+0.1441-1.13+1.32
2024 R11SpielbergRB3-0.41-0.09-0.0331-0.60+0.55
2024 R12SilverstoneRB2-0.70-0.31+0.1228-1.21-1.44
2024 R13HungaroringRB3+0.19+0.10+0.2233-3.00-0.54
2024 R14Spa-FrancorchampsRB————15+0.23+0.18
2024 R15ZandvoortRB3+0.06-0.55-0.0945+0.48+0.67
2024 R16MonzaRB3+0.01+0.02-0.1937+0.01+0.12
2024 R17BakuRB1-0.46-0.22-0.1033-3.00+0.78
2024 R18SingaporeRB2+0.44+0.04+0.1435-0.42-0.70

HOW THIS IS CALCULATED

The definitions behind every number on this page. The full specification lives with the pipeline code (backend/pipeline/signature/SPEC.md).

REGULATION ERAS

An era is a period under one set of technical rules. When the rules change, every car brakes, turns and wears its tyres differently, so a driver's style relative to the field can shift too. Signatures are therefore computed separately for each era, and the driver page shows the most recent era with at least one scored axis. These eras are defined by the car rules, separate from the storytelling eras elsewhere on the site.

ERAWHAT DEFINES ITDATA IN THIS DATASET
LATE HYBRID
2018–2021
1.6-litre V6 turbo hybrid power units, used since 2014, in the wider, higher-downforce cars on wider tyres introduced in 2017.
The era starts in 2018, the first season of the official timing archive, although its car rules date from 2017.
2018–2021
30 drivers scored
GROUND EFFECT
2022–2025
THIS PAGE
Most downforce comes from two Venturi tunnels under the floor, with simplified wings and 18-inch low-profile tyres, so that cars can follow each other more closely.
2022–2025
31 drivers scored
ACTIVE AERO
2026 onwards
Front and rear wings switch between a corner mode and a low-drag straight mode, replacing DRS. Cars are shorter, narrower and lighter (768 kg), the floor tunnels are gone, and power is split roughly half and half between combustion and electric, with the MGU-H removed and fully sustainable fuel.
Energy recovery is a bigger part of each lap: drivers lift off before braking to recharge and cars harvest at full throttle at the end of straights. Throttle and braking traces reflect energy management as well as driving style.
2026
22 drivers scored

THE FIELD

Every measurement is a difference from the other cars in the same session. Comparing within a session cancels out the track, the weather, the tyre generation and the overall speed of that year's cars, which is what makes different weekends comparable. For each corner, or each race, the driver's value has the field median subtracted and is divided by the field's spread (a robust z-score, capped at ±3). A value of +1 means one typical field spread better than the median driver.

FROM LAPS TO A SCORE

  1. Pick the laps. Qualifying: up to 3 push laps per driver, within 1% of their own best and 107% of the fastest lap, on dry tyres, not deleted for track limits and not run under red or yellow flags. Race: clean laps only, meaning not lap 1, no pit laps, no safety car, virtual safety car, red or yellow flag, dry tyres, at least 1.5 s behind the car ahead, and within 107% of the driver's stint median.
  2. Measure.Corners are the slowest points of the session's fastest lap (dips of at least 25km/h). Every lap is mapped onto that lap's line, so all drivers' brake points and apexes share one distance scale. Full throttle means 98% pedal or more, and a lift is a drop of 10points. In the race, each stint's lap times are corrected for fuel (0.055 s per lap of fuel still on board) and fitted against tyre age: the slope is degradation (at least 8 clean laps), and the scatter around the line is consistency (at least 6).
  3. Compare with the field. Each corner needs at least 8 field laps; tyre degradation is compared on the same compound when at least 4 stints used it.
  4. Combine over the era. A weighted average of the session values. An axis is only scored with at least 5 qualifying sessions and 150 lap-corners, or 5 races and 8 stints; otherwise it stays empty rather than guessed.
  5. Rank.The 0–100 score is the driver-era's percentile among every driver-era in the dataset, so 50 is typical.
  6. Confidence.The driver's sessions are resampled 400 times and re-ranked. The 90% range runs from the 5th to the 95th percentile of those ranks, and confidence is 1 minus the average width of the ranges.

COMPARISON GROUPS

ERA AVG

The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

ALL-TIME

The average of every driver-era in the dataset. Scores are ranks among those same driver-eras, so it sits at 50 on every axis by construction.

CHAMPIONS

World champions in the eras they won their titles, from the final standings of completed seasons. In the dataset: Lewis Hamilton (2018, 2019, 2020), Max Verstappen (2021, 2022, 2023, 2024), Lando Norris (2025).

TEAMMATES

The driver's teammates in this era, weighted by sessions shared. Same car, so this is the fairest comparison.

AXES

AXISMEASURESHIGHER MEANSDATA
STEERING SMOOTHNESSHow smoothly the driver steers through each corner.Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO
ENTRY AGGRESSIONSpeed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
TYRE MANAGEMENTHow fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT
THROTTLE APPLICATIONDistance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
BRAKINGWhere the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
CONSISTENCYHow much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

DATA AND COVERAGE

Source: Official F1 live-timing feed, read through TracingInsights' public FastF1 extraction (2018–2022) and the OpenF1 historical API (2023–2026). The feed gives car data (speed, throttle, brake on/off, gear) about 3.7 times a second, car positions, laps, tyre stints, gaps and race-control messages. It does not carry steering angle or brake pressure. 180 qualifying sessions and 186 races are scored.

SEASONWEEKENDSQUALIFYINGRACESNOT SCORED
20182120/2120/21
Australian qualifying: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
Australian race: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
20192121/2121/21—
20201715/1717/17
Styrian qualifying: wet
Turkish qualifying: wet
20212220/2222/22
Belgian qualifying: wet
Russian qualifying: mixed conditions, 6 drivers on dry tyres
20222220/2222/22
Canadian qualifying: wet
British qualifying: wet
20232221/2222/22
Dutch qualifying: mixed conditions, 9 drivers on dry tyres
20242422/2424/24
Belgian qualifying: wet
São Paulo qualifying: wet
20252422/2424/24
Azerbaijan qualifying: no lap data in the public feed
Las Vegas qualifying: wet
202619 (+4 still to run)19/1919/19—

KNOWN LIMITATIONS

  • The field includes faster and slower cars, so a driver in a quick car scores higher on car-sensitive measures such as minimum corner speed. The teammate comparison is where the car is held constant.
  • The braking point is not adjusted for approach speed: a driver who exits the previous corner faster arrives quicker and has to brake earlier. Braking describes style more than pace.
  • Tyre management cannot tell tyre wear apart from a driver deliberately controlling pace, so its ranges are wide.
  • From 2026, throttle and braking traces also reflect energy recovery (lifting before braking, harvesting at full throttle), not only driving style.
  • Steering smoothness needs steering angle, which no public feed carries. It is never estimated and will come from onboard video, along with seasons before 2018.

PIPELINE TIMING-0.1.0 · GENERATED 2026-11-02 · OFFICIAL F1 LIVE-TIMING FEED, READ THROUGH TRACINGINSIGHTS' PUBLIC FASTF1 EXTRACTION (2018–2022) AND THE OPENF1 HISTORICAL API (2023–2026)