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DRIVING SIGNATURE · FULL METRICS

Kevin Magnussen

Ground effect era (2022–2025) · data from 2022–2024 · Haas F1 Team

LATE HYBRID · 2018–2020GROUND EFFECT · 2022–2024

LAPS USED

1,884

QUALIFYING

57

RACES

61

AXES SCORED

5/6

CONFIDENCE

0.74

How this is calculated — the era, the field, the comparison groups and every threshold.

OVERVIEW

Each axis is a 0–100 rank among every driver-era in the dataset, built from differences to the same-session field. The 90% range is where nine in ten resampled scores land. Rank is within the ground effect field.

STEERINGSMOOTHNESSPENDINGENTRY AGGRESSIONTYRE MANAGEMENTTHROTTLE APPLICATIONBRAKINGCONSISTENCY

DASHED: ERA AVG — The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

AXISSCORE90% RANGERANKERA AVGALL-TIMECHAMPIONSTEAMMATES
STEERINGPENDING——————
ENTRY2823–3624/2951509244
TYRE MGMT197–6824/3047505126
THROTTLE4436–5617/2949507641
BRAKING3421–4322/2951507839
CONSISTENCY118–2429/3149508117

AXIS BY AXIS

What each axis measures, where the driver sits among this era's drivers, the raw differences behind the score, and how it moved from weekend to weekend.

ENTRY AGGRESSION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Speed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.

28/ 100
RANK 24 OF 29 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 23–36

Higher means: Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 29Fernando Alonso (Aston Martin): 41Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 78Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 51Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 12Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 31Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 38Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 82Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 71Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 55Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 35Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 3Liam Lawson (Racing Bulls): 50Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 83Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 64Lando Norris (McLaren): 97Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 34Sergio Perez (Red Bull Racing): 70Oscar Piastri (McLaren): 96Daniel Ricciardo (McLaren): 69George Russell (Mercedes): 76Carlos Sainz (Ferrari): 54Logan Sargeant (Williams): 20Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 19Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 48Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 80Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 43Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 23Kevin Magnussen: 28

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

3.2 km/h less speed as the brake comes off.

2.4 km/h lower minimum corner speed.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

202220232024
2022 Sakhir: -0.112022 Jeddah: -0.082022 Melbourne: -0.822022 Imola: -0.232022 Miami: no usable session2022 Barcelona: +0.502022 Monaco: -0.112022 Baku: no usable session2022 Montréal: no usable session2022 Silverstone: no usable session2022 Spielberg: -0.072022 Le Castellet: -0.112022 Budapest: -0.302022 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.782022 Zandvoort: -0.262022 Monza: +0.112022 Marina Bay: +0.032022 Suzuka: +0.142022 Austin: -0.502022 Mexico City: -0.502022 São Paulo: -0.232022 Yas Island: -0.612023 Sakhir: -0.262023 Jeddah: -0.432023 Melbourne: -0.432023 Baku: no usable session2023 Miami: -0.062023 Monte Carlo: -0.092023 Catalunya: -1.332023 Montreal: -1.092023 Spielberg: -0.512023 Silverstone: -1.622023 Hungaroring: -0.472023 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2023 Zandvoort: no usable session2023 Monza: -0.502023 Singapore: +0.172023 Suzuka: -0.602023 Lusail: -1.802023 Austin: -0.012023 Mexico City: -1.042023 Interlagos: -0.102023 Las Vegas: +0.242023 Yas Marina Circuit: -1.022024 Sakhir: -0.452024 Jeddah: -0.412024 Melbourne: -1.012024 Suzuka: -1.462024 Shanghai: -0.862024 Miami: -0.322024 Imola: -1.422024 Monte Carlo: -0.482024 Montreal: -0.392024 Catalunya: -1.002024 Spielberg: -0.012024 Silverstone: no usable session2024 Hungaroring: -0.252024 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2024 Zandvoort: -0.282024 Monza: -0.532024 Singapore: -0.152024 Austin: -0.092024 Mexico City: -0.522024 Las Vegas: +0.232024 Lusail: -0.282024 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.21

57 SESSIONS · 1049 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

TYRE MANAGEMENT

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.

19/ 100
RANK 24 OF 30 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 7–68

Higher means: Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 65Fernando Alonso (Aston Martin): 96Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 85Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 90Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 5Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 14Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 21Nyck De Vries (AlphaTauri): 12Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 27Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 51Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 55Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 23Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 7Liam Lawson (Racing Bulls): 76Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 41Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 32Lando Norris (McLaren): 57Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 66Sergio Perez (Red Bull Racing): 13Oscar Piastri (McLaren): 77Daniel Ricciardo (McLaren): 73George Russell (Mercedes): 71Carlos Sainz (Ferrari): 68Logan Sargeant (Williams): 1Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 30Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 45Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 48Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 97Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 31Kevin Magnussen: 19

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Loses 0.070 s per lap of tyre age after fuel correction, 0.013 s/lap more than the race median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

202220232024
2022 Sakhir: -0.982022 Jeddah: +0.832022 Melbourne: -0.302022 Imola: +0.282022 Miami: no usable session2022 Barcelona: -1.072022 Monaco: no usable session2022 Baku: -2.092022 Montréal: -0.762022 Silverstone: +1.062022 Spielberg: +1.062022 Le Castellet: -3.002022 Budapest: +0.042022 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.162022 Zandvoort: -0.722022 Monza: -0.672022 Marina Bay: -0.612022 Suzuka: no usable session2022 Austin: +1.032022 Mexico City: +1.242022 São Paulo: no usable session2022 Yas Island: -0.122023 Sakhir: -1.302023 Jeddah: -0.492023 Melbourne: +0.092023 Baku: no usable session2023 Miami: -0.912023 Monte Carlo: +0.222023 Catalunya: -2.752023 Montreal: +0.572023 Spielberg: -0.732023 Silverstone: +0.572023 Hungaroring: -1.362023 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.412023 Zandvoort: +0.402023 Monza: +0.672023 Singapore: +0.202023 Suzuka: -0.852023 Lusail: -0.212023 Austin: -0.772023 Mexico City: no usable session2023 Interlagos: no usable session2023 Las Vegas: no usable session2023 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.882024 Sakhir: -0.332024 Jeddah: +2.392024 Melbourne: -1.222024 Suzuka: +0.242024 Shanghai: +0.672024 Miami: -1.542024 Imola: +1.432024 Monte Carlo: no usable session2024 Montreal: no usable session2024 Catalunya: -1.242024 Spielberg: +0.702024 Silverstone: +0.682024 Hungaroring: +0.502024 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.082024 Zandvoort: -1.212024 Monza: +1.182024 Singapore: -3.002024 Austin: +0.562024 Mexico City: +0.132024 Las Vegas: +1.542024 Lusail: +1.672024 Yas Marina Circuit: -3.00

56 SESSIONS · 97 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

THROTTLE APPLICATION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Distance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.

44/ 100
RANK 17 OF 29 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 36–56

Higher means: Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 3Fernando Alonso (Aston Martin): 72Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 65Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 28Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 55Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 41Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 8Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 80Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 82Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 38Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 48Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 6Liam Lawson (Racing Bulls): 77Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 40Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 23Lando Norris (McLaren): 52Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 15Sergio Perez (Red Bull Racing): 99Oscar Piastri (McLaren): 31Daniel Ricciardo (McLaren): 59George Russell (Mercedes): 81Carlos Sainz (Ferrari): 50Logan Sargeant (Williams): 10Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 86Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 71Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 98Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 51Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 14Kevin Magnussen: 44

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Reaches full throttle 2.6 m further from the apex than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

202220232024
2022 Sakhir: +0.122022 Jeddah: +0.042022 Melbourne: +0.082022 Imola: +0.242022 Miami: no usable session2022 Barcelona: +0.262022 Monaco: -0.242022 Baku: no usable session2022 Montréal: no usable session2022 Silverstone: no usable session2022 Spielberg: +0.202022 Le Castellet: +0.232022 Budapest: +0.162022 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.152022 Zandvoort: -0.102022 Monza: -0.072022 Marina Bay: +0.092022 Suzuka: -0.272022 Austin: -0.102022 Mexico City: +0.242022 São Paulo: +0.342022 Yas Island: -0.172023 Sakhir: -0.122023 Jeddah: +0.062023 Melbourne: +0.092023 Baku: no usable session2023 Miami: -0.192023 Monte Carlo: -0.422023 Catalunya: -0.532023 Montreal: -0.332023 Spielberg: +0.112023 Silverstone: -0.152023 Hungaroring: -0.162023 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2023 Zandvoort: no usable session2023 Monza: -0.082023 Singapore: +0.032023 Suzuka: -0.182023 Lusail: -0.222023 Austin: +0.372023 Mexico City: +0.132023 Interlagos: +0.092023 Las Vegas: -0.202023 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.322024 Sakhir: -0.082024 Jeddah: -0.012024 Melbourne: -0.162024 Suzuka: -0.252024 Shanghai: -0.552024 Miami: -0.352024 Imola: +0.382024 Monte Carlo: -0.052024 Montreal: -0.182024 Catalunya: -0.232024 Spielberg: -0.222024 Silverstone: no usable session2024 Hungaroring: -0.262024 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2024 Zandvoort: -0.242024 Monza: -0.192024 Singapore: -0.082024 Austin: -0.052024 Mexico City: +0.152024 Las Vegas: -0.382024 Lusail: 0.002024 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.66

57 SESSIONS · 997 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

BRAKING

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Where the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.

34/ 100
RANK 22 OF 29 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 21–43

Higher means: Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 22Fernando Alonso (Aston Martin): 76Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 62Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 41Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 23Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 36Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 18Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 64Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 82Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 77Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 48Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 3Liam Lawson (Racing Bulls): 51Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 67Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 19Lando Norris (McLaren): 80Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 20Sergio Perez (Red Bull Racing): 45Oscar Piastri (McLaren): 83Daniel Ricciardo (McLaren): 71George Russell (Mercedes): 72Carlos Sainz (Ferrari): 35Logan Sargeant (Williams): 28Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 65Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 87Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 56Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 50Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 54Kevin Magnussen: 34

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Starts braking 1.9 m earlier than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

202220232024
2022 Sakhir: -0.092022 Jeddah: +0.262022 Melbourne: -0.472022 Imola: -0.612022 Miami: no usable session2022 Barcelona: -0.322022 Monaco: -0.042022 Baku: no usable session2022 Montréal: no usable session2022 Silverstone: no usable session2022 Spielberg: -0.082022 Le Castellet: +0.072022 Budapest: -0.192022 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.072022 Zandvoort: +0.022022 Monza: -0.132022 Marina Bay: -0.472022 Suzuka: -0.162022 Austin: -1.002022 Mexico City: -0.422022 São Paulo: +0.292022 Yas Island: -0.512023 Sakhir: -0.282023 Jeddah: -0.062023 Melbourne: -0.842023 Baku: no usable session2023 Miami: -0.172023 Monte Carlo: -0.092023 Catalunya: -0.372023 Montreal: -0.362023 Spielberg: -0.132023 Silverstone: -1.102023 Hungaroring: -0.242023 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2023 Zandvoort: no usable session2023 Monza: -0.402023 Singapore: +0.252023 Suzuka: +0.112023 Lusail: -0.062023 Austin: -0.382023 Mexico City: -0.372023 Interlagos: -0.352023 Las Vegas: +0.662023 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.222024 Sakhir: -0.632024 Jeddah: -0.602024 Melbourne: -0.482024 Suzuka: -0.862024 Shanghai: -0.452024 Miami: -0.272024 Imola: -0.672024 Monte Carlo: -0.522024 Montreal: -0.572024 Catalunya: -0.412024 Spielberg: -0.222024 Silverstone: no usable session2024 Hungaroring: -0.242024 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2024 Zandvoort: -0.312024 Monza: -0.292024 Singapore: +0.132024 Austin: +0.092024 Mexico City: -0.512024 Las Vegas: +0.332024 Lusail: +0.322024 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.19

57 SESSIONS · 959 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

CONSISTENCY

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.

11/ 100
RANK 29 OF 31 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 8–24

Higher means: Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 62Fernando Alonso (Aston Martin): 38Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 81Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 36Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 25Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 21Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 39Nyck De Vries (AlphaTauri): 33Jack Doohan (Alpine): 9Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 79Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 55Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 46Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 19Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 5Liam Lawson (Racing Bulls): 70Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 72Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 13Lando Norris (McLaren): 75Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 83Sergio Perez (Red Bull Racing): 52Oscar Piastri (McLaren): 56Daniel Ricciardo (McLaren): 31George Russell (Mercedes): 93Carlos Sainz (Ferrari): 89Logan Sargeant (Williams): 16Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 68Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 42Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 97Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 78Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 20Kevin Magnussen: 11

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Lap times scatter 0.396 s around the stint trend, 0.119 s looser than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

202220232024
2022 Sakhir: +0.322022 Jeddah: -1.092022 Melbourne: -1.412022 Imola: -1.472022 Miami: -3.002022 Barcelona: -2.202022 Monaco: no usable session2022 Baku: +1.192022 Montréal: -0.682022 Silverstone: -1.342022 Spielberg: -2.902022 Le Castellet: +0.612022 Budapest: -0.712022 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.792022 Zandvoort: +1.862022 Monza: -0.962022 Marina Bay: -1.732022 Suzuka: no usable session2022 Austin: -1.822022 Mexico City: -1.122022 São Paulo: no usable session2022 Yas Island: -2.222023 Sakhir: -0.712023 Jeddah: -0.672023 Melbourne: +0.602023 Baku: no usable session2023 Miami: -0.692023 Monte Carlo: +0.252023 Catalunya: -0.902023 Montreal: +0.032023 Spielberg: -1.982023 Silverstone: -0.122023 Hungaroring: -1.952023 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.422023 Zandvoort: -0.132023 Monza: -0.772023 Singapore: -0.142023 Suzuka: -1.392023 Lusail: -0.322023 Austin: -1.672023 Mexico City: no usable session2023 Interlagos: no usable session2023 Las Vegas: +0.612023 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.722024 Sakhir: +0.432024 Jeddah: -3.002024 Melbourne: -0.812024 Suzuka: -1.652024 Shanghai: -1.442024 Miami: +0.502024 Imola: -0.432024 Monte Carlo: no usable session2024 Montreal: -2.112024 Catalunya: +0.482024 Spielberg: +0.122024 Silverstone: -0.282024 Hungaroring: -2.052024 Spa-Francorchamps: -1.442024 Zandvoort: -0.842024 Monza: +0.122024 Singapore: -0.552024 Austin: +0.922024 Mexico City: -0.332024 Las Vegas: -1.162024 Lusail: +0.562024 Yas Marina Circuit: -1.85

59 SESSIONS · 108 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

STEERING SMOOTHNESS

NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO

How smoothly the driver steers through each corner.

PENDING

Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.

TEAMMATES

Same car, same sessions. Each cell is the average difference over the sessions they shared, in field-spread units: +0.30 means 0.3 of a typical field spread better on that axis. Qualifying H2H is the share of shared qualifying sessions where Magnussen's best lap was faster.

TEAMMATESHAREDQUALI H2HENTRYTYRE MGMTTHROTTLEBRAKINGCONSISTENCY
Nico Hulkenberg80
39 Q · 41 R
31%-0.27+0.08-0.14-0.14+0.02
Mick Schumacher34
16 Q · 18 R
63%-0.30-0.26+0.26+0.13-0.41

SESSION LOG

Every weekend in this era. Values are the difference from that session's field in field-spread units, green better and red worse. A dash means the session was skipped (wet, or no data) or the driver had no usable laps.

WEEKENDCIRCUITTEAMQ LAPSBRAKINGENTRYTHROTTLERACE LAPSCONSISTENCYTYRE MGMT
2022 R01SakhirHaas F1 Team3-0.09-0.11+0.1236+0.32-0.98
2022 R02JeddahHaas F1 Team3+0.26-0.08+0.0419-1.09+0.83
2022 R03MelbourneHaas F1 Team3-0.47-0.82+0.0824-1.41-0.30
2022 R04ImolaHaas F1 Team2-0.61-0.23+0.2442-1.47+0.28
2022 R05MiamiHaas F1 Team————6-3.00—
2022 R06BarcelonaHaas F1 Team3-0.32+0.50+0.2655-2.20-1.07
2022 R07MonacoHaas F1 Team3-0.04-0.11-0.24———
2022 R08BakuHaas F1 Team————9+1.19-2.09
2022 R09MontréalHaas F1 Team————44-0.68-0.76
2022 R10SilverstoneHaas F1 Team————15-1.34+1.06
2022 R11SpielbergHaas F1 Team3-0.08-0.07+0.2011-2.90+1.06
2022 R12Le CastelletHaas F1 Team3+0.07-0.11+0.238+0.61-3.00
2022 R13BudapestHaas F1 Team3-0.19-0.30+0.1644-0.71+0.04
2022 R14Spa-FrancorchampsHaas F1 Team2+0.07-0.78+0.1528-0.79-0.16
2022 R15ZandvoortHaas F1 Team3+0.02-0.26-0.1021+1.86-0.72
2022 R16MonzaHaas F1 Team3-0.13+0.11-0.0731-0.96-0.67
2022 R17Marina BayHaas F1 Team1-0.47+0.03+0.0919-1.73-0.61
2022 R18SuzukaHaas F1 Team2-0.16+0.14-0.27———
2022 R19AustinHaas F1 Team2-1.00-0.50-0.1041-1.82+1.03
2022 R20Mexico CityHaas F1 Team3-0.42-0.50+0.2458-1.12+1.24
2022 R21São PauloHaas F1 Team3+0.29-0.23+0.34———
2022 R22Yas IslandHaas F1 Team3-0.51-0.61-0.1738-2.22-0.12
2023 R01SakhirHaas F1 Team2-0.28-0.26-0.1241-0.71-1.30
2023 R02JeddahHaas F1 Team3-0.06-0.43+0.0614-0.67-0.49
2023 R03MelbourneHaas F1 Team3-0.84-0.43+0.0918+0.60+0.09
2023 R04BakuHaas F1 Team————0——
2023 R05MiamiHaas F1 Team3-0.17-0.06-0.1936-0.69-0.91
2023 R06Monte CarloHaas F1 Team2-0.09-0.09-0.4229+0.25+0.22
2023 R07CatalunyaHaas F1 Team1-0.37-1.33-0.5330-0.90-2.75
2023 R08MontrealHaas F1 Team1-0.36-1.09-0.3333+0.03+0.57
2023 R09SpielbergHaas F1 Team3-0.13-0.51+0.1137-1.98-0.73
2023 R10SilverstoneHaas F1 Team1-1.10-1.62-0.1516-0.12+0.57
2023 R11HungaroringHaas F1 Team2-0.24-0.47-0.1643-1.95-1.36
2023 R12Spa-FrancorchampsHaas F1 Team————31-0.42-0.41
2023 R13ZandvoortHaas F1 Team————29-0.13+0.40
2023 R14MonzaHaas F1 Team2-0.40-0.50-0.0842-0.77+0.67
2023 R15SingaporeHaas F1 Team3+0.25+0.17+0.0329-0.14+0.20
2023 R16SuzukaHaas F1 Team3+0.11-0.60-0.1835-1.39-0.85
2023 R17LusailHaas F1 Team2-0.06-1.80-0.2240-0.32-0.21
2023 R18AustinHaas F1 Team3-0.38-0.01+0.3739-1.67-0.77
2023 R19Mexico CityHaas F1 Team3-0.37-1.04+0.130——
2023 R20InterlagosHaas F1 Team3-0.35-0.10+0.09———
2023 R21Las VegasHaas F1 Team3+0.66+0.24-0.206+0.61—
2023 R22Yas Marina CircuitHaas F1 Team1+0.22-1.02-0.3245-0.72-0.88
2024 R01SakhirHaas F1 Team3-0.63-0.45-0.0828+0.43-0.33
2024 R02JeddahHaas F1 Team3-0.60-0.41-0.0129-3.00+2.39
2024 R03MelbourneHaas F1 Team3-0.48-1.01-0.1629-0.81-1.22
2024 R04SuzukaHaas F1 Team2-0.86-1.46-0.2534-1.65+0.24
2024 R05ShanghaiHaas F1 Team1-0.45-0.86-0.5525-1.44+0.67
2024 R06MiamiHaas F1 Team3-0.27-0.32-0.3526+0.50-1.54
2024 R07ImolaHaas F1 Team2-0.67-1.42+0.3836-0.43+1.43
2024 R08Monte CarloHaas F1 Team3-0.52-0.48-0.05———
2024 R09MontrealHaas F1 Team3-0.57-0.39-0.186-2.11—
2024 R10CatalunyaHaas F1 Team2-0.41-1.00-0.2330+0.48-1.24
2024 R11SpielbergHaas F1 Team3-0.22-0.01-0.2233+0.12+0.70
2024 R12SilverstoneHaas F1 Team————17-0.28+0.68
2024 R13HungaroringHaas F1 Team2-0.24-0.25-0.2646-2.05+0.50
2024 R14Spa-FrancorchampsHaas F1 Team————27-1.44-0.08
2024 R15ZandvoortHaas F1 Team3-0.31-0.28-0.2430-0.84-1.21
2024 R16MonzaHaas F1 Team3-0.29-0.53-0.1923+0.12+1.18
2024 R18SingaporeHaas F1 Team3+0.13-0.15-0.0824-0.55-3.00
2024 R19AustinHaas F1 Team3+0.09-0.09-0.0525+0.92+0.56
2024 R20Mexico CityHaas F1 Team3-0.51-0.52+0.1546-0.33+0.13
2024 R22Las VegasHaas F1 Team3+0.33+0.23-0.3833-1.16+1.54
2024 R23LusailHaas F1 Team3+0.32-0.280.0026+0.56+1.67
2024 R24Yas Marina CircuitHaas F1 Team3-0.19+0.21-0.6623-1.85-3.00

HOW THIS IS CALCULATED

The definitions behind every number on this page. The full specification lives with the pipeline code (backend/pipeline/signature/SPEC.md).

REGULATION ERAS

An era is a period under one set of technical rules. When the rules change, every car brakes, turns and wears its tyres differently, so a driver's style relative to the field can shift too. Signatures are therefore computed separately for each era, and the driver page shows the most recent era with at least one scored axis. These eras are defined by the car rules, separate from the storytelling eras elsewhere on the site.

ERAWHAT DEFINES ITDATA IN THIS DATASET
LATE HYBRID
2018–2021
1.6-litre V6 turbo hybrid power units, used since 2014, in the wider, higher-downforce cars on wider tyres introduced in 2017.
The era starts in 2018, the first season of the official timing archive, although its car rules date from 2017.
2018–2021
30 drivers scored
GROUND EFFECT
2022–2025
THIS PAGE
Most downforce comes from two Venturi tunnels under the floor, with simplified wings and 18-inch low-profile tyres, so that cars can follow each other more closely.
2022–2025
31 drivers scored
ACTIVE AERO
2026 onwards
Front and rear wings switch between a corner mode and a low-drag straight mode, replacing DRS. Cars are shorter, narrower and lighter (768 kg), the floor tunnels are gone, and power is split roughly half and half between combustion and electric, with the MGU-H removed and fully sustainable fuel.
Energy recovery is a bigger part of each lap: drivers lift off before braking to recharge and cars harvest at full throttle at the end of straights. Throttle and braking traces reflect energy management as well as driving style.
2026
22 drivers scored

THE FIELD

Every measurement is a difference from the other cars in the same session. Comparing within a session cancels out the track, the weather, the tyre generation and the overall speed of that year's cars, which is what makes different weekends comparable. For each corner, or each race, the driver's value has the field median subtracted and is divided by the field's spread (a robust z-score, capped at ±3). A value of +1 means one typical field spread better than the median driver.

FROM LAPS TO A SCORE

  1. Pick the laps. Qualifying: up to 3 push laps per driver, within 1% of their own best and 107% of the fastest lap, on dry tyres, not deleted for track limits and not run under red or yellow flags. Race: clean laps only, meaning not lap 1, no pit laps, no safety car, virtual safety car, red or yellow flag, dry tyres, at least 1.5 s behind the car ahead, and within 107% of the driver's stint median.
  2. Measure.Corners are the slowest points of the session's fastest lap (dips of at least 25km/h). Every lap is mapped onto that lap's line, so all drivers' brake points and apexes share one distance scale. Full throttle means 98% pedal or more, and a lift is a drop of 10points. In the race, each stint's lap times are corrected for fuel (0.055 s per lap of fuel still on board) and fitted against tyre age: the slope is degradation (at least 8 clean laps), and the scatter around the line is consistency (at least 6).
  3. Compare with the field. Each corner needs at least 8 field laps; tyre degradation is compared on the same compound when at least 4 stints used it.
  4. Combine over the era. A weighted average of the session values. An axis is only scored with at least 5 qualifying sessions and 150 lap-corners, or 5 races and 8 stints; otherwise it stays empty rather than guessed.
  5. Rank.The 0–100 score is the driver-era's percentile among every driver-era in the dataset, so 50 is typical.
  6. Confidence.The driver's sessions are resampled 400 times and re-ranked. The 90% range runs from the 5th to the 95th percentile of those ranks, and confidence is 1 minus the average width of the ranges.

COMPARISON GROUPS

ERA AVG

The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

ALL-TIME

The average of every driver-era in the dataset. Scores are ranks among those same driver-eras, so it sits at 50 on every axis by construction.

CHAMPIONS

World champions in the eras they won their titles, from the final standings of completed seasons. In the dataset: Lewis Hamilton (2018, 2019, 2020), Max Verstappen (2021, 2022, 2023, 2024), Lando Norris (2025).

TEAMMATES

The driver's teammates in this era, weighted by sessions shared. Same car, so this is the fairest comparison.

AXES

AXISMEASURESHIGHER MEANSDATA
STEERING SMOOTHNESSHow smoothly the driver steers through each corner.Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO
ENTRY AGGRESSIONSpeed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
TYRE MANAGEMENTHow fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT
THROTTLE APPLICATIONDistance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
BRAKINGWhere the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
CONSISTENCYHow much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

DATA AND COVERAGE

Source: Official F1 live-timing feed, read through TracingInsights' public FastF1 extraction (2018–2022) and the OpenF1 historical API (2023–2026). The feed gives car data (speed, throttle, brake on/off, gear) about 3.7 times a second, car positions, laps, tyre stints, gaps and race-control messages. It does not carry steering angle or brake pressure. 180 qualifying sessions and 186 races are scored.

SEASONWEEKENDSQUALIFYINGRACESNOT SCORED
20182120/2120/21
Australian qualifying: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
Australian race: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
20192121/2121/21—
20201715/1717/17
Styrian qualifying: wet
Turkish qualifying: wet
20212220/2222/22
Belgian qualifying: wet
Russian qualifying: mixed conditions, 6 drivers on dry tyres
20222220/2222/22
Canadian qualifying: wet
British qualifying: wet
20232221/2222/22
Dutch qualifying: mixed conditions, 9 drivers on dry tyres
20242422/2424/24
Belgian qualifying: wet
São Paulo qualifying: wet
20252422/2424/24
Azerbaijan qualifying: no lap data in the public feed
Las Vegas qualifying: wet
202619 (+4 still to run)19/1919/19—

KNOWN LIMITATIONS

  • The field includes faster and slower cars, so a driver in a quick car scores higher on car-sensitive measures such as minimum corner speed. The teammate comparison is where the car is held constant.
  • The braking point is not adjusted for approach speed: a driver who exits the previous corner faster arrives quicker and has to brake earlier. Braking describes style more than pace.
  • Tyre management cannot tell tyre wear apart from a driver deliberately controlling pace, so its ranges are wide.
  • From 2026, throttle and braking traces also reflect energy recovery (lifting before braking, harvesting at full throttle), not only driving style.
  • Steering smoothness needs steering angle, which no public feed carries. It is never estimated and will come from onboard video, along with seasons before 2018.

PIPELINE TIMING-0.1.0 · GENERATED 2026-11-02 · OFFICIAL F1 LIVE-TIMING FEED, READ THROUGH TRACINGINSIGHTS' PUBLIC FASTF1 EXTRACTION (2018–2022) AND THE OPENF1 HISTORICAL API (2023–2026)