OVERVIEW
Each axis is a 0–100 rank among every driver-era in the dataset, built from differences to the same-session field. The 90% range is where nine in ten resampled scores land. Rank is within the ground effect field.
DASHED: ERA AVG — The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.
| AXIS | SCORE | 90% RANGE | RANK | ERA AVG | ALL-TIME | CHAMPIONS | TEAMMATES |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| STEERING | PENDING | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| ENTRY | 38 | 25–47 | 19/29 | 51 | 50 | 92 | 66 |
| TYRE MGMT | 21 | 4–73 | 23/30 | 47 | 50 | 51 | 39 |
| THROTTLE | 8 | 6–10 | 27/29 | 49 | 50 | 76 | 57 |
| BRAKING | 18 | 9–26 | 28/29 | 51 | 50 | 78 | 51 |
| CONSISTENCY | 39 | 24–81 | 18/31 | 49 | 50 | 81 | 74 |
AXIS BY AXIS
What each axis measures, where the driver sits among this era's drivers, the raw differences behind the score, and how it moved from weekend to weekend.
ENTRY AGGRESSION
QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
Speed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.
Higher means: Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.
● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE
ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD
2.5 km/h less speed as the brake comes off.
1.4 km/h lower minimum corner speed.
WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD
24 SESSIONS · 356 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS
TYRE MANAGEMENT
CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT
How fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.
Higher means: Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.
● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE
ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD
Loses 0.054 s per lap of tyre age after fuel correction, 0.008 s/lap more than the race median.
WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD
23 SESSIONS · 40 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS
THROTTLE APPLICATION
QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
Distance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.
Higher means: Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.
● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE
ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD
Reaches full throttle 10.4 m further from the apex than the field median.
WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD
24 SESSIONS · 336 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS
BRAKING
QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
Where the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.
Higher means: Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.
● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE
ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD
Starts braking 3.8 m earlier than the field median.
WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD
24 SESSIONS · 329 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS
CONSISTENCY
CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT
How much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.
Higher means: Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.
● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE
ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD
Lap times scatter 0.350 s around the stint trend, 0.067 s looser than the field median.
WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD
23 SESSIONS · 43 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS
STEERING SMOOTHNESS
NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO
How smoothly the driver steers through each corner.
PENDING
Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.
TEAMMATES
Same car, same sessions. Each cell is the average difference over the sessions they shared, in field-spread units: +0.30 means 0.3 of a typical field spread better on that axis. Qualifying H2H is the share of shared qualifying sessions where Colapinto's best lap was faster.
| TEAMMATE | SHARED | QUALI H2H | ENTRY | TYRE MGMT | THROTTLE | BRAKING | CONSISTENCY |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pierre Gasly | 32 16 Q · 16 R | 25% | -0.42 | -0.31 | -0.52 | -0.33 | -0.30 |
| Alexander Albon | 14 8 Q · 6 R | 25% | +0.02 | +1.10 | +0.18 | -0.27 | +0.77 |
SESSION LOG
Every weekend in this era. Values are the difference from that session's field in field-spread units, green better and red worse. A dash means the session was skipped (wet, or no data) or the driver had no usable laps.
| WEEKEND | CIRCUIT | TEAM | Q LAPS | BRAKING | ENTRY | THROTTLE | RACE LAPS | CONSISTENCY | TYRE MGMT |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 R16 | Monza | Williams | 1 | -0.56 | -0.37 | -0.53 | 41 | -0.25 | -0.12 |
| 2024 R17 | Baku | Williams | 3 | -0.11 | -0.04 | -0.41 | 26 | -0.53 | +0.35 |
| 2024 R18 | Singapore | Williams | 2 | -0.08 | -0.34 | -0.50 | 45 | +0.80 | -0.05 |
| 2024 R19 | Austin | Williams | 1 | -0.51 | -0.77 | -0.69 | 33 | +0.84 | +1.05 |
| 2024 R20 | Mexico City | Williams | 2 | -0.51 | -0.30 | -0.30 | 39 | -0.90 | -0.27 |
| 2024 R22 | Las Vegas | Williams | 2 | -0.80 | -0.05 | -0.91 | 21 | 0.00 | +1.40 |
| 2024 R23 | Lusail | Williams | 2 | -0.48 | -1.05 | -0.31 | — | — | — |
| 2024 R24 | Yas Marina Circuit | Williams | 2 | -0.91 | -0.81 | -0.72 | 21 | -0.37 | -1.41 |
| 2025 R07 | Imola | Alpine | 1 | -0.08 | -0.65 | -0.74 | 16 | -1.90 | -2.53 |
| 2025 R08 | Monte Carlo | Alpine | 3 | -0.42 | -0.41 | -0.37 | 19 | -2.35 | -0.06 |
| 2025 R09 | Catalunya | Alpine | 1 | -0.31 | -1.01 | -0.45 | 30 | -2.16 | +0.23 |
| 2025 R10 | Montreal | Alpine | 3 | -0.22 | +0.37 | -0.25 | 34 | -0.71 | -0.71 |
| 2025 R11 | Spielberg | Alpine | 3 | -0.17 | +0.60 | -0.23 | 38 | -0.16 | -0.49 |
| 2025 R12 | Silverstone | Alpine | 1 | -0.39 | -0.30 | -0.72 | — | — | — |
| 2025 R13 | Spa-Francorchamps | Alpine | 2 | -0.42 | -0.48 | -0.28 | 20 | -0.20 | +1.15 |
| 2025 R14 | Hungaroring | Alpine | 3 | -0.36 | +0.09 | -0.38 | 45 | -1.24 | -0.06 |
| 2025 R15 | Zandvoort | Alpine | 2 | -0.40 | -0.42 | -0.39 | 0 | — | — |
| 2025 R16 | Monza | Alpine | 3 | -0.30 | +0.21 | -0.72 | 38 | -0.94 | -0.21 |
| 2025 R17 | Baku | Alpine | — | — | — | — | 38 | -0.71 | -1.87 |
| 2025 R18 | Singapore | Alpine | 1 | -0.56 | -0.24 | -0.13 | 39 | -1.17 | -1.45 |
| 2025 R19 | Austin | Alpine | 3 | -0.11 | +0.11 | -0.31 | 36 | +0.71 | +0.21 |
| 2025 R20 | Mexico City | Alpine | 2 | -1.15 | -0.62 | -0.01 | 53 | +0.19 | +1.09 |
| 2025 R21 | Interlagos | Alpine | 2 | +0.35 | -0.43 | -0.39 | 37 | -0.02 | -0.35 |
| 2025 R22 | Las Vegas | Alpine | — | — | — | — | 35 | +0.39 | +0.63 |
| 2025 R23 | Lusail | Alpine | 1 | -0.26 | -1.04 | -0.33 | 32 | +0.79 | -0.80 |
| 2025 R24 | Yas Marina Circuit | Alpine | 3 | -0.41 | +0.02 | -0.35 | 45 | +0.24 | -1.23 |
HOW THIS IS CALCULATED
The definitions behind every number on this page. The full specification lives with the pipeline code (backend/pipeline/signature/SPEC.md).
REGULATION ERAS
An era is a period under one set of technical rules. When the rules change, every car brakes, turns and wears its tyres differently, so a driver's style relative to the field can shift too. Signatures are therefore computed separately for each era, and the driver page shows the most recent era with at least one scored axis. These eras are defined by the car rules, separate from the storytelling eras elsewhere on the site.
| ERA | WHAT DEFINES IT | DATA IN THIS DATASET |
|---|---|---|
LATE HYBRID 2018–2021 | 1.6-litre V6 turbo hybrid power units, used since 2014, in the wider, higher-downforce cars on wider tyres introduced in 2017. The era starts in 2018, the first season of the official timing archive, although its car rules date from 2017. | 2018–2021 30 drivers scored |
GROUND EFFECT 2022–2025 THIS PAGE | Most downforce comes from two Venturi tunnels under the floor, with simplified wings and 18-inch low-profile tyres, so that cars can follow each other more closely. | 2022–2025 31 drivers scored |
ACTIVE AERO 2026 onwards | Front and rear wings switch between a corner mode and a low-drag straight mode, replacing DRS. Cars are shorter, narrower and lighter (768 kg), the floor tunnels are gone, and power is split roughly half and half between combustion and electric, with the MGU-H removed and fully sustainable fuel. Energy recovery is a bigger part of each lap: drivers lift off before braking to recharge and cars harvest at full throttle at the end of straights. Throttle and braking traces reflect energy management as well as driving style. | 2026 22 drivers scored |
THE FIELD
Every measurement is a difference from the other cars in the same session. Comparing within a session cancels out the track, the weather, the tyre generation and the overall speed of that year's cars, which is what makes different weekends comparable. For each corner, or each race, the driver's value has the field median subtracted and is divided by the field's spread (a robust z-score, capped at ±3). A value of +1 means one typical field spread better than the median driver.
FROM LAPS TO A SCORE
COMPARISON GROUPS
The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.
The average of every driver-era in the dataset. Scores are ranks among those same driver-eras, so it sits at 50 on every axis by construction.
World champions in the eras they won their titles, from the final standings of completed seasons. In the dataset: Lewis Hamilton (2018, 2019, 2020), Max Verstappen (2021, 2022, 2023, 2024), Lando Norris (2025).
The driver's teammates in this era, weighted by sessions shared. Same car, so this is the fairest comparison.
AXES
| AXIS | MEASURES | HIGHER MEANS | DATA |
|---|---|---|---|
| STEERING SMOOTHNESS | How smoothly the driver steers through each corner. | Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video. | NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO |
| ENTRY AGGRESSION | Speed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner. | Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point. | QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER |
| TYRE MANAGEMENT | How fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load. | Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound. | CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT |
| THROTTLE APPLICATION | Distance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between. | Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts. | QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER |
| BRAKING | Where the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts. | Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field. | QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER |
| CONSISTENCY | How much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed. | Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race. | CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT |
DATA AND COVERAGE
Source: Official F1 live-timing feed, read through TracingInsights' public FastF1 extraction (2018–2022) and the OpenF1 historical API (2023–2026). The feed gives car data (speed, throttle, brake on/off, gear) about 3.7 times a second, car positions, laps, tyre stints, gaps and race-control messages. It does not carry steering angle or brake pressure. 180 qualifying sessions and 186 races are scored.
| SEASON | WEEKENDS | QUALIFYING | RACES | NOT SCORED |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 | 21 | 20/21 | 20/21 | Australian qualifying: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied Australian race: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied |
| 2019 | 21 | 21/21 | 21/21 | — |
| 2020 | 17 | 15/17 | 17/17 | Styrian qualifying: wet Turkish qualifying: wet |
| 2021 | 22 | 20/22 | 22/22 | Belgian qualifying: wet Russian qualifying: mixed conditions, 6 drivers on dry tyres |
| 2022 | 22 | 20/22 | 22/22 | Canadian qualifying: wet British qualifying: wet |
| 2023 | 22 | 21/22 | 22/22 | Dutch qualifying: mixed conditions, 9 drivers on dry tyres |
| 2024 | 24 | 22/24 | 24/24 | Belgian qualifying: wet São Paulo qualifying: wet |
| 2025 | 24 | 22/24 | 24/24 | Azerbaijan qualifying: no lap data in the public feed Las Vegas qualifying: wet |
| 2026 | 19 (+4 still to run) | 19/19 | 19/19 | — |
KNOWN LIMITATIONS
PIPELINE TIMING-0.1.0 · GENERATED 2026-11-02 · OFFICIAL F1 LIVE-TIMING FEED, READ THROUGH TRACINGINSIGHTS' PUBLIC FASTF1 EXTRACTION (2018–2022) AND THE OPENF1 HISTORICAL API (2023–2026)