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DRIVING SIGNATURE · FULL METRICS

Oscar Piastri

Ground effect era (2022–2025) · data from 2023–2025 · McLaren

GROUND EFFECT · 2023–2025ACTIVE AERO · 2026

LAPS USED

2,401

QUALIFYING

65

RACES

67

AXES SCORED

5/6

CONFIDENCE

0.79

How this is calculated — the era, the field, the comparison groups and every threshold.

OVERVIEW

Each axis is a 0–100 rank among every driver-era in the dataset, built from differences to the same-session field. The 90% range is where nine in ten resampled scores land. Rank is within the ground effect field.

STEERINGSMOOTHNESSPENDINGENTRY AGGRESSIONTYRE MANAGEMENTTHROTTLE APPLICATIONBRAKINGCONSISTENCY

DASHED: ERA AVG — The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

AXISSCORE90% RANGERANKERA AVGALL-TIMECHAMPIONSTEAMMATES
STEERINGPENDING——————
ENTRY9693–982/2951509297
TYRE MGMT7757–885/3047505157
THROTTLE3125–3821/2949507652
BRAKING8378–882/2951507880
CONSISTENCY5630–7613/3149508175

AXIS BY AXIS

What each axis measures, where the driver sits among this era's drivers, the raw differences behind the score, and how it moved from weekend to weekend.

ENTRY AGGRESSION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Speed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.

96/ 100
RANK 2 OF 29 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 93–98

Higher means: Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 29Fernando Alonso (Aston Martin): 41Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 78Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 51Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 12Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 31Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 38Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 82Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 71Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 55Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 35Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 3Liam Lawson (Racing Bulls): 50Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 83Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 28Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 64Lando Norris (McLaren): 97Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 34Sergio Perez (Red Bull Racing): 70Daniel Ricciardo (McLaren): 69George Russell (Mercedes): 76Carlos Sainz (Ferrari): 54Logan Sargeant (Williams): 20Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 19Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 48Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 80Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 43Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 23Oscar Piastri: 96

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

4.9 km/h more speed as the brake comes off.

2.9 km/h higher minimum corner speed.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

202320242025
2023 Sakhir: -0.262023 Jeddah: +0.452023 Melbourne: +0.012023 Baku: +0.282023 Miami: +0.022023 Monte Carlo: +0.182023 Catalunya: +0.942023 Montreal: +1.332023 Spielberg: +0.542023 Silverstone: +0.832023 Hungaroring: +0.522023 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.712023 Zandvoort: no usable session2023 Monza: +1.102023 Singapore: -0.292023 Suzuka: +0.372023 Lusail: +0.902023 Austin: +0.652023 Mexico City: +0.892023 Interlagos: +0.552023 Las Vegas: -0.072023 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.622024 Sakhir: +0.412024 Jeddah: +0.962024 Melbourne: +0.932024 Suzuka: +0.322024 Shanghai: -0.062024 Miami: +0.922024 Imola: +0.632024 Monte Carlo: +1.202024 Montreal: +1.012024 Catalunya: +0.832024 Spielberg: +1.042024 Silverstone: +0.712024 Hungaroring: +1.042024 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2024 Zandvoort: +0.802024 Monza: +1.222024 Baku: +0.752024 Singapore: +1.002024 Austin: +0.792024 Mexico City: +0.252024 Las Vegas: +0.472024 Lusail: +1.152024 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.642025 Melbourne: +0.912025 Shanghai: +0.772025 Suzuka: +0.612025 Sakhir: +0.672025 Jeddah: +0.942025 Miami: +0.652025 Imola: +1.032025 Monte Carlo: +0.932025 Catalunya: +0.792025 Montreal: +0.442025 Spielberg: +1.152025 Silverstone: +1.162025 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.752025 Hungaroring: +0.952025 Zandvoort: +1.132025 Monza: +1.452025 Singapore: +1.152025 Austin: +0.732025 Mexico City: +0.322025 Interlagos: -0.022025 Las Vegas: no usable session2025 Lusail: +1.002025 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.81

65 SESSIONS · 1329 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

TYRE MANAGEMENT

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.

77/ 100
RANK 5 OF 30 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 57–88

Higher means: Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 65Fernando Alonso (Aston Martin): 96Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 85Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 90Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 5Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 14Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 21Nyck De Vries (AlphaTauri): 12Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 27Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 51Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 55Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 23Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 7Liam Lawson (Racing Bulls): 76Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 41Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 19Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 32Lando Norris (McLaren): 57Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 66Sergio Perez (Red Bull Racing): 13Daniel Ricciardo (McLaren): 73George Russell (Mercedes): 71Carlos Sainz (Ferrari): 68Logan Sargeant (Williams): 1Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 30Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 45Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 48Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 97Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 31Oscar Piastri: 77

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Loses 0.041 s per lap of tyre age after fuel correction, 0.006 s/lap less than the race median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

202320242025
2023 Sakhir: no usable session2023 Jeddah: -1.132023 Melbourne: +0.342023 Baku: +1.232023 Miami: -0.672023 Monte Carlo: +0.672023 Catalunya: +0.462023 Montreal: +0.242023 Spielberg: -0.742023 Silverstone: -0.332023 Hungaroring: -0.322023 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2023 Zandvoort: +0.022023 Monza: -0.222023 Singapore: -1.822023 Suzuka: +0.902023 Lusail: -0.582023 Austin: no usable session2023 Mexico City: +0.302023 Interlagos: +0.152023 Las Vegas: +0.882023 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.342024 Sakhir: -0.152024 Jeddah: -0.672024 Melbourne: +0.152024 Suzuka: -0.362024 Shanghai: +0.912024 Miami: 0.002024 Imola: +1.192024 Monte Carlo: -0.182024 Montreal: no usable session2024 Catalunya: +0.902024 Spielberg: +0.542024 Silverstone: +0.802024 Hungaroring: -0.052024 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.092024 Zandvoort: -0.142024 Monza: +0.282024 Baku: -1.222024 Singapore: +0.572024 Austin: +0.052024 Mexico City: +1.082024 Las Vegas: +0.062024 Lusail: -2.002024 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.472025 Melbourne: no usable session2025 Shanghai: +0.082025 Suzuka: +3.002025 Sakhir: +0.042025 Jeddah: -0.672025 Miami: -2.542025 Imola: +0.162025 Monte Carlo: +0.332025 Catalunya: +0.522025 Montreal: -0.162025 Spielberg: -0.602025 Silverstone: 0.002025 Spa-Francorchamps: 0.002025 Hungaroring: +0.092025 Zandvoort: +0.322025 Monza: +0.542025 Singapore: +0.602025 Austin: +0.012025 Mexico City: +1.232025 Interlagos: +0.642025 Las Vegas: +0.672025 Lusail: -0.062025 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.21

63 SESSIONS · 114 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

THROTTLE APPLICATION

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Distance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.

31/ 100
RANK 21 OF 29 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 25–38

Higher means: Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 3Fernando Alonso (Aston Martin): 72Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 65Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 28Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 55Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 41Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 8Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 80Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 82Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 38Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 48Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 6Liam Lawson (Racing Bulls): 77Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 40Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 44Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 23Lando Norris (McLaren): 52Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 15Sergio Perez (Red Bull Racing): 99Daniel Ricciardo (McLaren): 59George Russell (Mercedes): 81Carlos Sainz (Ferrari): 50Logan Sargeant (Williams): 10Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 86Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 71Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 98Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 51Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 14Oscar Piastri: 31

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Reaches full throttle 4.0 m further from the apex than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

202320242025
2023 Sakhir: -0.742023 Jeddah: -0.232023 Melbourne: -0.562023 Baku: -0.092023 Miami: -0.152023 Monte Carlo: -0.312023 Catalunya: -0.382023 Montreal: +0.422023 Spielberg: -0.472023 Silverstone: -0.212023 Hungaroring: -0.382023 Spa-Francorchamps: -0.612023 Zandvoort: no usable session2023 Monza: -0.332023 Singapore: +0.102023 Suzuka: -0.362023 Lusail: -0.202023 Austin: -0.182023 Mexico City: -0.622023 Interlagos: -0.112023 Las Vegas: -0.392023 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.032024 Sakhir: -0.152024 Jeddah: +0.062024 Melbourne: -0.112024 Suzuka: +0.022024 Shanghai: -0.162024 Miami: +0.482024 Imola: -0.092024 Monte Carlo: -0.242024 Montreal: +0.092024 Catalunya: -0.232024 Spielberg: -0.112024 Silverstone: +0.122024 Hungaroring: -0.112024 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2024 Zandvoort: -0.262024 Monza: -0.442024 Baku: +0.012024 Singapore: -0.282024 Austin: -0.332024 Mexico City: -0.172024 Las Vegas: -0.132024 Lusail: -0.152024 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.182025 Melbourne: -0.042025 Shanghai: +0.212025 Suzuka: +0.202025 Sakhir: +0.322025 Jeddah: -0.232025 Miami: -0.082025 Imola: -0.012025 Monte Carlo: +0.022025 Catalunya: +0.132025 Montreal: +0.022025 Spielberg: -0.062025 Silverstone: -0.102025 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.022025 Hungaroring: +0.052025 Zandvoort: +0.072025 Monza: -0.332025 Singapore: +0.092025 Austin: +0.092025 Mexico City: +0.142025 Interlagos: +0.252025 Las Vegas: no usable session2025 Lusail: -0.292025 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.19

65 SESSIONS · 1250 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

BRAKING

QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER

Where the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.

83/ 100
RANK 2 OF 29 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 78–88

Higher means: Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 22Fernando Alonso (Aston Martin): 76Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 62Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 41Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 23Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 36Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 18Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 64Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 82Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 77Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 48Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 3Liam Lawson (Racing Bulls): 51Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 67Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 34Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 19Lando Norris (McLaren): 80Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 20Sergio Perez (Red Bull Racing): 45Daniel Ricciardo (McLaren): 71George Russell (Mercedes): 72Carlos Sainz (Ferrari): 35Logan Sargeant (Williams): 28Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 65Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 87Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 56Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 50Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 54Oscar Piastri: 83

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Starts braking 2.7 m later than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

202320242025
2023 Sakhir: +0.132023 Jeddah: +0.442023 Melbourne: +0.172023 Baku: +0.342023 Miami: +0.012023 Monte Carlo: -0.052023 Catalunya: +0.212023 Montreal: +0.782023 Spielberg: +0.402023 Silverstone: +0.642023 Hungaroring: -0.112023 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.322023 Zandvoort: no usable session2023 Monza: +0.012023 Singapore: +0.442023 Suzuka: +0.802023 Lusail: +0.232023 Austin: +0.322023 Mexico City: +0.652023 Interlagos: +0.102023 Las Vegas: -0.442023 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.122024 Sakhir: +0.402024 Jeddah: +0.522024 Melbourne: +0.232024 Suzuka: +0.272024 Shanghai: +0.142024 Miami: -0.172024 Imola: -0.252024 Monte Carlo: +0.412024 Montreal: +0.322024 Catalunya: +0.452024 Spielberg: +0.392024 Silverstone: +0.272024 Hungaroring: +0.102024 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2024 Zandvoort: -0.232024 Monza: +0.252024 Baku: +0.342024 Singapore: -0.142024 Austin: +0.062024 Mexico City: -0.112024 Las Vegas: +0.302024 Lusail: +0.512024 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.092025 Melbourne: +0.072025 Shanghai: +0.442025 Suzuka: +0.732025 Sakhir: +0.622025 Jeddah: +0.402025 Miami: +0.322025 Imola: +0.612025 Monte Carlo: +0.172025 Catalunya: -0.222025 Montreal: +0.092025 Spielberg: +0.052025 Silverstone: +0.472025 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.832025 Hungaroring: +0.252025 Zandvoort: +0.212025 Monza: +0.062025 Singapore: +0.222025 Austin: +0.522025 Mexico City: +0.092025 Interlagos: +0.402025 Las Vegas: no usable session2025 Lusail: +0.062025 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.37

65 SESSIONS · 1201 LAP-CORNERS · MINIMUM 5 QUALIFYING SESSIONS AND 150 LAP-CORNERS

CONSISTENCY

CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

How much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.

56/ 100
RANK 13 OF 31 · GROUND EFFECT FIELD
90% RANGE 30–76

Higher means: Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.

0255075100Alexander Albon (Williams): 62Fernando Alonso (Aston Martin): 38Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes): 81Oliver Bearman (Haas F1 Team): 36Gabriel Bortoleto (Kick Sauber): 25Valtteri Bottas (Alfa Romeo): 21Franco Colapinto (Alpine): 39Nyck De Vries (AlphaTauri): 33Jack Doohan (Alpine): 9Pierre Gasly (Alpine): 79Isack Hadjar (Racing Bulls): 55Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes): 46Nico Hulkenberg (Haas F1 Team): 19Nicholas Latifi (Williams): 5Liam Lawson (Racing Bulls): 70Charles Leclerc (Ferrari): 72Kevin Magnussen (Haas F1 Team): 11Mick Schumacher (Haas F1 Team): 13Lando Norris (McLaren): 75Esteban Ocon (Alpine): 83Sergio Perez (Red Bull Racing): 52Daniel Ricciardo (McLaren): 31George Russell (Mercedes): 93Carlos Sainz (Ferrari): 89Logan Sargeant (Williams): 16Lance Stroll (Aston Martin): 68Yuki Tsunoda (AlphaTauri): 42Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing): 97Sebastian Vettel (Aston Martin): 78Guanyu Zhou (Alfa Romeo): 20Oscar Piastri: 56

● DRIVER · ○ TEAMMATE · ● REST OF ERA · ┊ ERA AVG · SHADED: 90% RANGE

ON AVERAGE, AGAINST THE SAME-SESSION FIELD

Lap times scatter 0.295 s around the stint trend, 0.012 s looser than the field median.

WEEKEND BY WEEKEND · ABOVE THE LINE = BETTER THAN THAT SESSION'S FIELD

202320242025
2023 Sakhir: no usable session2023 Jeddah: -1.362023 Melbourne: -0.212023 Baku: -0.212023 Miami: -2.712023 Monte Carlo: -0.662023 Catalunya: -0.382023 Montreal: +0.492023 Spielberg: -1.402023 Silverstone: -0.152023 Hungaroring: +0.582023 Spa-Francorchamps: no usable session2023 Zandvoort: +0.032023 Monza: +1.262023 Singapore: +0.742023 Suzuka: -0.152023 Lusail: +0.532023 Austin: -0.122023 Mexico City: +0.102023 Interlagos: -0.602023 Las Vegas: -0.982023 Yas Marina Circuit: -0.202024 Sakhir: +0.142024 Jeddah: +0.672024 Melbourne: +0.022024 Suzuka: -1.242024 Shanghai: 0.002024 Miami: +0.302024 Imola: -0.132024 Monte Carlo: +0.682024 Montreal: +0.612024 Catalunya: +0.062024 Spielberg: -1.182024 Silverstone: +0.112024 Hungaroring: -0.382024 Spa-Francorchamps: +0.042024 Zandvoort: +0.612024 Monza: -0.932024 Baku: +0.342024 Singapore: -0.432024 Austin: -1.042024 Mexico City: -0.712024 Las Vegas: -0.352024 Lusail: -1.322024 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.132025 Melbourne: no usable session2025 Shanghai: +0.312025 Suzuka: -0.172025 Sakhir: +0.092025 Jeddah: +0.292025 Miami: -0.952025 Imola: +0.012025 Monte Carlo: +0.442025 Catalunya: -0.352025 Montreal: -0.742025 Spielberg: -0.592025 Silverstone: +1.082025 Spa-Francorchamps: -1.682025 Hungaroring: +0.302025 Zandvoort: -1.322025 Monza: +0.052025 Singapore: +0.402025 Austin: +1.242025 Mexico City: -2.612025 Interlagos: -0.382025 Las Vegas: -0.872025 Lusail: -0.722025 Yas Marina Circuit: +0.55

65 SESSIONS · 124 STINTS · MINIMUM 5 RACES AND 8 STINTS

STEERING SMOOTHNESS

NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO

How smoothly the driver steers through each corner.

PENDING

Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.

TEAMMATES

Same car, same sessions. Each cell is the average difference over the sessions they shared, in field-spread units: +0.30 means 0.3 of a typical field spread better on that axis. Qualifying H2H is the share of shared qualifying sessions where Piastri's best lap was faster.

TEAMMATESHAREDQUALI H2HENTRYTYRE MGMTTHROTTLEBRAKINGCONSISTENCY
Lando Norris131
65 Q · 66 R
31%-0.15+0.12-0.16+0.07-0.05

SESSION LOG

Every weekend in this era. Values are the difference from that session's field in field-spread units, green better and red worse. A dash means the session was skipped (wet, or no data) or the driver had no usable laps.

WEEKENDCIRCUITTEAMQ LAPSBRAKINGENTRYTHROTTLERACE LAPSCONSISTENCYTYRE MGMT
2023 R01SakhirMcLaren2+0.13-0.26-0.740——
2023 R02JeddahMcLaren3+0.44+0.45-0.2328-1.36-1.13
2023 R03MelbourneMcLaren3+0.17+0.01-0.5624-0.21+0.34
2023 R04BakuMcLaren3+0.34+0.28-0.0921-0.21+1.23
2023 R05MiamiMcLaren2+0.01+0.02-0.1549-2.71-0.67
2023 R06Monte CarloMcLaren3-0.05+0.18-0.3145-0.66+0.67
2023 R07CatalunyaMcLaren3+0.21+0.94-0.3847-0.38+0.46
2023 R08MontrealMcLaren1+0.78+1.33+0.4236+0.49+0.24
2023 R09SpielbergMcLaren3+0.40+0.54-0.4724-1.40-0.74
2023 R10SilverstoneMcLaren3+0.64+0.83-0.2127-0.15-0.33
2023 R11HungaroringMcLaren3-0.11+0.52-0.3861+0.58-0.32
2023 R12Spa-FrancorchampsMcLaren1+0.32+0.71-0.61———
2023 R13ZandvoortMcLaren————26+0.03+0.02
2023 R14MonzaMcLaren3+0.01+1.10-0.3312+1.26-0.22
2023 R15SingaporeMcLaren2+0.44-0.29+0.1011+0.74-1.82
2023 R16SuzukaMcLaren3+0.80+0.37-0.3640-0.15+0.90
2023 R17LusailMcLaren3+0.23+0.90-0.2032+0.53-0.58
2023 R18AustinMcLaren3+0.32+0.65-0.187-0.12—
2023 R19Mexico CityMcLaren3+0.65+0.89-0.6247+0.10+0.30
2023 R20InterlagosMcLaren2+0.10+0.55-0.1159-0.60+0.15
2023 R21Las VegasMcLaren3-0.44-0.07-0.3912-0.98+0.88
2023 R22Yas Marina CircuitMcLaren3-0.12+0.62-0.0334-0.20+0.34
2024 R01SakhirMcLaren3+0.40+0.41-0.1547+0.14-0.15
2024 R02JeddahMcLaren3+0.52+0.96+0.0614+0.67-0.67
2024 R03MelbourneMcLaren3+0.23+0.93-0.1140+0.02+0.15
2024 R04SuzukaMcLaren3+0.27+0.32+0.0215-1.24-0.36
2024 R05ShanghaiMcLaren3+0.14-0.06-0.16260.00+0.91
2024 R06MiamiMcLaren3-0.17+0.92+0.4828+0.300.00
2024 R07ImolaMcLaren3-0.25+0.63-0.0931-0.13+1.19
2024 R08Monte CarloMcLaren3+0.41+1.20-0.2436+0.68-0.18
2024 R09MontrealMcLaren3+0.32+1.01+0.096+0.61—
2024 R10CatalunyaMcLaren3+0.45+0.83-0.2344+0.06+0.90
2024 R11SpielbergMcLaren3+0.39+1.04-0.1149-1.18+0.54
2024 R12SilverstoneMcLaren3+0.27+0.71+0.1219+0.11+0.80
2024 R13HungaroringMcLaren3+0.10+1.04-0.1163-0.38-0.05
2024 R14Spa-FrancorchampsMcLaren————22+0.04-0.09
2024 R15ZandvoortMcLaren3-0.23+0.80-0.2624+0.61-0.14
2024 R16MonzaMcLaren3+0.25+1.22-0.4446-0.93+0.28
2024 R17BakuMcLaren3+0.34+0.75+0.0137+0.34-1.22
2024 R18SingaporeMcLaren3-0.14+1.00-0.2848-0.43+0.57
2024 R19AustinMcLaren3+0.06+0.79-0.3345-1.04+0.05
2024 R20Mexico CityMcLaren3-0.11+0.25-0.1735-0.71+1.08
2024 R22Las VegasMcLaren3+0.30+0.47-0.1320-0.35+0.06
2024 R23LusailMcLaren3+0.51+1.15-0.1510-1.32-2.00
2024 R24Yas Marina CircuitMcLaren3+0.09+0.64-0.1828+0.13-0.47
2025 R01MelbourneMcLaren2+0.07+0.91-0.040——
2025 R02ShanghaiMcLaren3+0.44+0.77+0.2151+0.31+0.08
2025 R03SuzukaMcLaren3+0.73+0.61+0.2010-0.17+3.00
2025 R04SakhirMcLaren3+0.62+0.67+0.3248+0.09+0.04
2025 R05JeddahMcLaren3+0.40+0.94-0.2330+0.29-0.67
2025 R06MiamiMcLaren3+0.32+0.65-0.0823-0.95-2.54
2025 R07ImolaMcLaren3+0.61+1.03-0.0130+0.01+0.16
2025 R08Monte CarloMcLaren3+0.17+0.93+0.0257+0.44+0.33
2025 R09CatalunyaMcLaren3-0.22+0.79+0.1345-0.35+0.52
2025 R10MontrealMcLaren3+0.09+0.44+0.0240-0.74-0.16
2025 R11SpielbergMcLaren3+0.05+1.15-0.0640-0.59-0.60
2025 R12SilverstoneMcLaren3+0.47+1.16-0.108+1.080.00
2025 R13Spa-FrancorchampsMcLaren3+0.83+0.75+0.0238-1.680.00
2025 R14HungaroringMcLaren3+0.25+0.95+0.0550+0.30+0.09
2025 R15ZandvoortMcLaren3+0.21+1.13+0.0752-1.32+0.32
2025 R16MonzaMcLaren3+0.06+1.45-0.3338+0.05+0.54
2025 R18SingaporeMcLaren3+0.22+1.15+0.0957+0.40+0.60
2025 R19AustinMcLaren3+0.52+0.73+0.0943+1.24+0.01
2025 R20Mexico CityMcLaren3+0.09+0.32+0.1412-2.61+1.23
2025 R21InterlagosMcLaren3+0.40-0.02+0.2549-0.38+0.64
2025 R22Las VegasMcLaren————21-0.87+0.67
2025 R23LusailMcLaren3+0.06+1.00-0.2944-0.72-0.06
2025 R24Yas Marina CircuitMcLaren3+0.37+0.81+0.1954+0.55+0.21

HOW THIS IS CALCULATED

The definitions behind every number on this page. The full specification lives with the pipeline code (backend/pipeline/signature/SPEC.md).

REGULATION ERAS

An era is a period under one set of technical rules. When the rules change, every car brakes, turns and wears its tyres differently, so a driver's style relative to the field can shift too. Signatures are therefore computed separately for each era, and the driver page shows the most recent era with at least one scored axis. These eras are defined by the car rules, separate from the storytelling eras elsewhere on the site.

ERAWHAT DEFINES ITDATA IN THIS DATASET
LATE HYBRID
2018–2021
1.6-litre V6 turbo hybrid power units, used since 2014, in the wider, higher-downforce cars on wider tyres introduced in 2017.
The era starts in 2018, the first season of the official timing archive, although its car rules date from 2017.
2018–2021
30 drivers scored
GROUND EFFECT
2022–2025
THIS PAGE
Most downforce comes from two Venturi tunnels under the floor, with simplified wings and 18-inch low-profile tyres, so that cars can follow each other more closely.
2022–2025
31 drivers scored
ACTIVE AERO
2026 onwards
Front and rear wings switch between a corner mode and a low-drag straight mode, replacing DRS. Cars are shorter, narrower and lighter (768 kg), the floor tunnels are gone, and power is split roughly half and half between combustion and electric, with the MGU-H removed and fully sustainable fuel.
Energy recovery is a bigger part of each lap: drivers lift off before braking to recharge and cars harvest at full throttle at the end of straights. Throttle and braking traces reflect energy management as well as driving style.
2026
22 drivers scored

THE FIELD

Every measurement is a difference from the other cars in the same session. Comparing within a session cancels out the track, the weather, the tyre generation and the overall speed of that year's cars, which is what makes different weekends comparable. For each corner, or each race, the driver's value has the field median subtracted and is divided by the field's spread (a robust z-score, capped at ±3). A value of +1 means one typical field spread better than the median driver.

FROM LAPS TO A SCORE

  1. Pick the laps. Qualifying: up to 3 push laps per driver, within 1% of their own best and 107% of the fastest lap, on dry tyres, not deleted for track limits and not run under red or yellow flags. Race: clean laps only, meaning not lap 1, no pit laps, no safety car, virtual safety car, red or yellow flag, dry tyres, at least 1.5 s behind the car ahead, and within 107% of the driver's stint median.
  2. Measure.Corners are the slowest points of the session's fastest lap (dips of at least 25km/h). Every lap is mapped onto that lap's line, so all drivers' brake points and apexes share one distance scale. Full throttle means 98% pedal or more, and a lift is a drop of 10points. In the race, each stint's lap times are corrected for fuel (0.055 s per lap of fuel still on board) and fitted against tyre age: the slope is degradation (at least 8 clean laps), and the scatter around the line is consistency (at least 6).
  3. Compare with the field. Each corner needs at least 8 field laps; tyre degradation is compared on the same compound when at least 4 stints used it.
  4. Combine over the era. A weighted average of the session values. An axis is only scored with at least 5 qualifying sessions and 150 lap-corners, or 5 races and 8 stints; otherwise it stays empty rather than guessed.
  5. Rank.The 0–100 score is the driver-era's percentile among every driver-era in the dataset, so 50 is typical.
  6. Confidence.The driver's sessions are resampled 400 times and re-ranked. The 90% range runs from the 5th to the 95th percentile of those ranks, and confidence is 1 minus the average width of the ranges.

COMPARISON GROUPS

ERA AVG

The average of every driver scored in the same regulation era. It sits close to 50 on every axis: a typical driver.

ALL-TIME

The average of every driver-era in the dataset. Scores are ranks among those same driver-eras, so it sits at 50 on every axis by construction.

CHAMPIONS

World champions in the eras they won their titles, from the final standings of completed seasons. In the dataset: Lewis Hamilton (2018, 2019, 2020), Max Verstappen (2021, 2022, 2023, 2024), Lando Norris (2025).

TEAMMATES

The driver's teammates in this era, weighted by sessions shared. Same car, so this is the fairest comparison.

AXES

AXISMEASURESHIGHER MEANSDATA
STEERING SMOOTHNESSHow smoothly the driver steers through each corner.Not measured yet. No public feed carries steering angle; it will come from onboard video.NEEDS ONBOARD VIDEO
ENTRY AGGRESSIONSpeed as the driver comes off the brake, and the minimum speed through the corner.Carries more speed off the brake and through the slowest point.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
TYRE MANAGEMENTHow fast lap times drop off as the tyres age, corrected for fuel load.Loses less time per lap of tyre age than the field on the same compound.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT
THROTTLE APPLICATIONDistance from the slowest point of the corner to full throttle, and the number of throttle lifts in between.Reaches full throttle sooner after the apex, with fewer lifts.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
BRAKINGWhere the driver starts braking for each corner, and how long the braking zone lasts.Brakes later and over a shorter distance than the field.QUALIFYING PUSH LAPS · CORNER BY CORNER
CONSISTENCYHow much clean lap times vary within a stint once the tyre-wear trend is removed.Smaller lap-to-lap variation than the field in the same race.CLEAN RACE LAPS · PER STINT

DATA AND COVERAGE

Source: Official F1 live-timing feed, read through TracingInsights' public FastF1 extraction (2018–2022) and the OpenF1 historical API (2023–2026). The feed gives car data (speed, throttle, brake on/off, gear) about 3.7 times a second, car positions, laps, tyre stints, gaps and race-control messages. It does not carry steering angle or brake pressure. 180 qualifying sessions and 186 races are scored.

SEASONWEEKENDSQUALIFYINGRACESNOT SCORED
20182120/2120/21
Australian qualifying: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
Australian race: no race-control messages in the source, so flags cannot be applied
20192121/2121/21—
20201715/1717/17
Styrian qualifying: wet
Turkish qualifying: wet
20212220/2222/22
Belgian qualifying: wet
Russian qualifying: mixed conditions, 6 drivers on dry tyres
20222220/2222/22
Canadian qualifying: wet
British qualifying: wet
20232221/2222/22
Dutch qualifying: mixed conditions, 9 drivers on dry tyres
20242422/2424/24
Belgian qualifying: wet
São Paulo qualifying: wet
20252422/2424/24
Azerbaijan qualifying: no lap data in the public feed
Las Vegas qualifying: wet
202619 (+4 still to run)19/1919/19—

KNOWN LIMITATIONS

  • The field includes faster and slower cars, so a driver in a quick car scores higher on car-sensitive measures such as minimum corner speed. The teammate comparison is where the car is held constant.
  • The braking point is not adjusted for approach speed: a driver who exits the previous corner faster arrives quicker and has to brake earlier. Braking describes style more than pace.
  • Tyre management cannot tell tyre wear apart from a driver deliberately controlling pace, so its ranges are wide.
  • From 2026, throttle and braking traces also reflect energy recovery (lifting before braking, harvesting at full throttle), not only driving style.
  • Steering smoothness needs steering angle, which no public feed carries. It is never estimated and will come from onboard video, along with seasons before 2018.

PIPELINE TIMING-0.1.0 · GENERATED 2026-11-02 · OFFICIAL F1 LIVE-TIMING FEED, READ THROUGH TRACINGINSIGHTS' PUBLIC FASTF1 EXTRACTION (2018–2022) AND THE OPENF1 HISTORICAL API (2023–2026)